ná

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "na"

Hokkien

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For pronunciation and definitions of ná – see 哪 (“which; what; any; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 哪).

Icelandic

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Etymology

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From Old Norse ná.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ná

  1. (transitive, with dative) to reach (a place)
  2. (transitive, with dative) to get, catch, apprehend (a physical object)
  3. (transitive, with dative) to reach, attain (a goal)
    Ég mun ná heimsyfirráðum!
    I will attain world domination!

Conjugation

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This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish ná (“don't”, prohibitive particle).

Particle

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ná

  1. don’t (particle used to introduce a negative imperative; triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)
    Ná déan sin.
    Don’t do that.
    Ná habair é.
    Don’t mention it.
  2. may...not (particle used with raibh, the present subjunctive of bí, to introduce a negative wish)
    Dealbh ná raibh tú.
    May you never be destitute.
  3. (Munster) Alternative form of nach (“not”) (in questions; triggers h-prothesis; used with the dependent form of an irregular verb if there is one)
    Ná fuil ocras ort?
    Are you not hungry?
    Chonac í, ná facas?
    I saw her, didn’t I?

Conjunction

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ná (triggers h-prothesis, used with the dependent form of an irregular verb if there is one)

  1. (Munster) Alternative form of nach (“that...not”)
    Dúirt sé ná raibh carr aige.
    He said that he didn’t have a car.

Etymology 2

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From Old Irish ná (“nor”)

Conjunction

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ná

  1. nor
    Níl deartháir ná deirfiúr agam.
    I have neither brother nor sister.
  2. used between two identical or similar words to intensify a negative
    Ní fhaca sí solas ná solas.
    She saw no light whatsoever.
    (literally, “She didn’t see light or light).”)

Etymology 3

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From Old Irish indás (“than (it) is”).

Alternative forms

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Conjunction

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ná (triggers h-prothesis)

  1. than
    Is airde Máire ná Peadar.
    Mary is taller than Peter.
  2. but (used rhetorically in direct and indirect questions)
    Cé a bhí ina shuí ann ná m’athair féin?
    Who was sitting there but my own father?
  3. used to connect a predicate noun to its subject in a cleft sentence introduced by a copular form
    Is é a dúirt sé ná gur dhíol sé a ríomhaire lena chara.
    What he said was that he sold his computer to his friend.
    • 1907, Peadar Ua Laoghaire, Séadna, page 6:
      Bhí fear ann fad ó agus isé ainim a bhí air ’ná Séadna.
      Once upon a time there was a man and the name that he had was Séadna.
Derived terms
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Further reading

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Lashi

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Etymology

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Related to nang.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ná

  1. thy, your (singular)

Synonyms

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References

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  • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎[1], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Mandarin

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Romanization

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ná (na2, Zhuyin ㄋㄚˊ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗱
  2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 拏／拿
  3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 拿
  4. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 挏
  5. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 訣／诀
  6. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 誽／𰵵
  7. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鎿／镎
  8. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 镎
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Postposition

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ná

  1. for you, for your sake
  2. in your favor
    ná yáʼátʼééh ― it is good for you
    ná áshłééh ― I’m making it for you

Inflection

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Navajo postpositions
singular duoplural
1st person shá nihá
2nd person ná nihá
3rd person bá
4th person (3o) yá
4th person (3a) há
4th person (3i) á —
reflexive ádá —
reciprocal — ahá

Northern Sami

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈnaː/

Adverb

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ná

  1. so, thus, in this way

Further reading

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  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎[2], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Old Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Uncertain. According to Matasović originally short /na/, from Proto-Celtic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“not”).[1] According to Dunkel from Proto-Celtic *nā, from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁, from *ne + adverbial suffix *-h₁. In Old Irish the expected outcome would be *nú in a final syllable. The variant with á would adopted from originally disyllabic forms like nád (relative) and nách (before infixed pronoun).[2]

Particle

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ná (triggers /h/-prothesis)

  1. don’t, let…not (particle used to introduce a negative imperative)
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22b26
      Ná bíth i cobadlus doïb, ar atá torad la gnímu soilse .i. praemia aeterna ní ḟil immurgu acht infructuosa.
      Do not be in fellowship with them, for there is fruit with works of light, i.e. praemia aeterna. There is nothing [with works of darkness], however, save infructuosa.
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 25c6
      Hóre ammi maicc laí et soilse, ná seichem nahísiu.
      Since we are children of day and light, let us not follow these things.
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 55a1
      Ná déne ainmnit.
      Do not show patience.
      (literally, “Do not do patience.”)
Alternative forms
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Descendants
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  • Middle Irish: ná

Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Maybe from Proto-Celtic *nāwe (“or not”), from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁ (“not”) + *-we (“or”). Compare nó (“or”).

Conjunction

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ná (triggers /h/-prothesis)

  1. (chiefly in the negative) or, nor
Quotations
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  • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 49d3
    .i. ní frithalim-se rucai ná mmebuil dam hisa suithin, ma fris·accar hi t’ainm-siu, a Dǽ
    i.e. I expect neither shame nor disgrace to me for ever, if I hope in Your name, O God.
Alternative forms
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Descendants
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Further reading

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References

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  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ne, *ni, *nī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 286
  2. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) “2.*nó-h₁ ‘nicht’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 531

Old Norse

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *nēhwāną, related to (or derived from) Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz (“near”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (“to reach”).

Verb

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ná (singular past indicative náði, plural past indicative náðu, past participle nát)

  1. (transitive, with dative) to get hold of, reach, overtake
  2. to get, obtain
  3. (with infinitive) to be able to, to be allowed to

Conjugation

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Conjugation of ná — active (weak class 3)
infinitive ná
present participle nándi, náandi
past participle náðr
indicative present past
1st-person singular nái náða
2nd-person singular náir náðir
3rd-person singular náir náði
1st-person plural nám náðum
2nd-person plural náið náðuð
3rd-person plural ná náðu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular ná næða
2nd-person singular náir næðir
3rd-person singular nái næði
1st-person plural náim næðim
2nd-person plural náið næðið
3rd-person plural nái næði
imperative present
2nd-person singular ná
1st-person plural nám
2nd-person plural náið
Conjugation of ná — mediopassive (weak class 3)
infinitive násk
present participle nándisk, náandisk
past participle názk
indicative present past
1st-person singular námk náðumk
2nd-person singular náisk náðisk
3rd-person singular náisk náðisk
1st-person plural námsk náðumsk
2nd-person plural náizk náðuzk
3rd-person plural násk náðusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular námk næðumk
2nd-person singular náisk næðisk
3rd-person singular náisk næðisk
1st-person plural náimsk næðimsk
2nd-person plural náizk næðizk
3rd-person plural náisk næðisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular násk
1st-person plural námsk
2nd-person plural náizk
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Descendants

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  • Icelandic: ná
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: nå
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: nå
  • Swedish: nå
  • Danish: nå

References

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  • ná in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Portuguese

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Interjection

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ná

  1. Eye dialect spelling of não.

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈna/ [ˈna]
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification: ná

Pronoun

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ná

  1. (informal) Apocopic form of nada
    no pasa ná ― nothing happens

Tày

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Adverb

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ná

  1. not (negates meaning of verb)
    ná chin ― not eat
    ná chắc ― not know
    slon lụ ná ― study or not

Etymology 2

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Adjective

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ná

  1. brassy; obstinate
    ná dú rườn hâu ― to stay at their house

Verb

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ná

  1. to be blocked
    Slủng ná đạn.
    The gun was clogged.

References

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  • Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
  • Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt‎[3][4] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày‎[5] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

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Etymology

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From Proto-Vietic *s-naːʔ (“crossbow”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *snaʔ (“crossbow”). Cognate with Thavung ซะน่า, Khmer ស្នា (snaa), Koho söna. Doublet of nỏ.

Pain (2020) tentatively considered this to be a Chinese loan, from 弩 (OC *C.nˤaʔ) (B-S) (SV: nỗ), into Austroasiatic and Tai languages, likely through proto-Vietic.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(classifier cái, chiếc) ná • (𫸶)

  1. (dialectal, weaponry) Synonym of nỏ (“crossbow”)
  2. (weaponry) slingshot

Derived terms

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Derived terms

References

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  1. ^ Pain, Frederic. "”Giao Chỉ” (”Jiāozhǐ” 交趾) as a diffusion center of Chinese diachronic changes: syllabic weight contrast and phonologisation of its phonetic correlates".

Anagrams

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