lu
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Translingual
[edit]Symbol
[edit]lu
English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]lu (uncountable)
Verb
[edit]lu (third-person singular simple present lus, present participle luing, simple past and past participle lued)
Etymology 2
[edit]A romanization of Chinese 路 (lù, “route”)
Noun
[edit]lu (usually uncountable, plural lus)
- (historical) Synonym of route or circuit: an administrative division of imperial China.
References
[edit]- “lu”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Anagrams
[edit]Äiwoo
[edit]Noun
[edit]lu
References
[edit]- Ross, M. & Næss, Å. (2007) “An Oceanic origin for Äiwoo, the language of the Reef Islands?”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 46, number 2. Cited in: "Äiwoo" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Asturian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum, accusative of ille. Compare Spanish lo.
Pronoun
[edit]Basque
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]lu inan
Declension
[edit]indefinite | singular | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
absolutive | lu | lua | luak |
ergative | luk | luak | luek |
dative | luri | luari | luei |
genitive | luren | luaren | luen |
comitative | lurekin | luarekin | luekin |
causative | lurengatik | luarengatik | luengatik |
benefactive | lurentzat | luarentzat | luentzat |
instrumental | luz | luaz | luez |
inessive | lutan | luan | luetan |
locative | lutako | luko | luetako |
allative | lutara | lura | luetara |
terminative | lutaraino | luraino | luetaraino |
directive | lutarantz | lurantz | luetarantz |
destinative | lutarako | lurako | luetarako |
ablative | lutatik | lutik | luetatik |
partitive | lurik | — | — |
prolative | lutzat | — | — |
Bakung
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Kenyah *lu, from Proto-North Sarawak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qahəlu, from Proto-Austronesian *qaSəlu (“pestle”).
Noun
[edit]lu
References
[edit]- Smith, A. (2017) The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa
Betawi
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /lu/
Audio: (file)
- IPA(key): /luh/
- IPA(key): /əˈlu/ (extended form)
Audio: (file)
- IPA(key): /əˈluh/ (extended form)
- Hyphenation: lu
Pronoun
[edit]lu
- you (personal pronoun)
- you (direct object of a verb)
- you (object of a preposition)
- you (indirect object of a verb)
- your (belonging to me)
Usage notes
[edit]- Used mainly in a common situation, especially between friends or by someone older in terms of speaking to a younger person. As for the usage by a younger person speaking with an older person, there is no agreement whether it is appropriate to do so or not: some would regard it as inappropriate, some other would not. Grijns (1991) noted that some Batavians use this pronoun when speaking to God.
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- Grijns, C.D. (1991) Jakarta Malay, volume 2, Leiden: KITLV Press, page 122.
Chinese
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of lu – see 嚕 (“Cantonese particle”). (This term is a variant form of 嚕). |
Cornish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Cornish luu, from Proto-Brythonic *llʉɣ, from Proto-Celtic *slougos.
Noun
[edit]lu m (plural luyow)
Corsican
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin ille (“that”), from Old Latin olle (“that”). Cognates include Italian lo (“him”), il (“the”) and French le (“the, him”).
Article
[edit]lu
Pronoun
[edit]lu
References
[edit]Danish
[edit]Verb
[edit]lu
- imperative of lue
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Participle
[edit]lu (feminine lue, masculine plural lus, feminine plural lues)
- past participle of lire
Friulian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum. Compare Italian lo.
Pronoun
[edit]lu (third person masculine direct object)
Related terms
[edit]Hausa
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Ideophone
[edit]lû
- swinging motion
Ido
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Back-formation from ilu (“he, him”), elu (“she, her”) and olu (“it”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]lu (plural li)
- Third-person singular pronoun for referents of any gender; he/him, she/her, it or that
- Me ne savas ka lu es viro o muliero.
- I don't know if he/she is a man or a woman.
Usage notes
[edit]Lu is widely used in Ido, and not exclusively when a gendered possessive determiner is inappropriate, but also in order to avoid repetition depending on the user's preferences.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]![]() |
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Possessive | Nominative | Possessive | ||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||
First person | me | mea | mei | ni | nia | nii | |
Second person | Formal | vu | vua | vui | vi | via | vii |
Familiar | tu | tua | tui | ||||
Third person | Masculine | ilu, il | ilua | ilui | ili | ilia | ilii |
Feminine | elu, el | elua | elui | eli | elia | elii | |
Neuter | olu, ol | olua | olui | oli | olia | olii | |
Common | lu | lua | lui | li | lia | lii | |
Reflexive | su | sua | sui | su | sua | sui | |
Indefinite | onu, on | onua | onui | onu, on | onua | onui | |
Notes | |||||||
The possessive plurals are seldom used. | |||||||
The shortened forms are preferred. | |||||||
The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios. |
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Betawi Udik lo (“you”), from Hokkien 汝 (lú). Doublet of lo.
Pronoun
[edit]lu
Synonyms
[edit]Indonesian informal second-person pronouns:
- anta (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
- antum (informal, mainly used by Muslim community)
- coen (slang, East Java)
- ente (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
- kamu (intimate)
- ko, kowe (informal, Java)
- kon, koen (colloquial, East Java)
- lu, lo, loe, elu (informal, mainly used by Betawi ethnic group)
- mika, mike (informal, Eastern Sumatra)
Iranun
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luheq.
Noun
[edit]lu
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]lu
Jingpho
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Burmese လှူ (hlu).
Verb
[edit]lu
References
[edit]- Kurabe, Keita (2016 December 31) “Phonology of Burmese loanwords in Jinghpaw”, in Kyoto University Linguistic Research[1], volume 35, , →ISSN, pages 91–128
Malay
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]lu (Jawi spelling لو)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | standard | saya / ساي aku/ku- / اکو / كو- (informal/towards God) -ku / -كو (informal possessive) hamba / همبا (dated) |
kami / کامي (exclusive) kita orang / كيت اورڠ (informal exclusive) kita / کيت (inclusive) |
royal | beta / بيتا | ||
2nd person | standard | kamu / کامو anda / اندا (formal) | |
engkau/kau- / اڠکاو/ كاو- (informal/towards God) awak / اوق (friendly/older towards younger) -mu / -مو (possessive) |
awak semua / اوق سموا kamu semua / كامو سموا kalian / کالين (informal) kau orang / كاو اورڠ (informal) | ||
royal | tuanku / توانكو | ||
3rd person | standard | dia / دي ia / اي beliau / بلياو (honorific) -nya / -ڽ (possessive) |
mereka / مريک dia orang / دي اورڠ (informal) |
royal | baginda / بݢيندا |
Etymology 2
[edit]Adverb
[edit]lu (Jawi spelling لو)
- (colloquial) Alternative form of dulu.
- Aku gerak lu.
- I'm going first.
Further reading
[edit]- “lu” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Mandarin
[edit]Romanization
[edit]- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 氌/氇
lu
- Nonstandard spelling of lū.
- Nonstandard spelling of lú.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǔ.
- Nonstandard spelling of lù.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǖ.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǘ.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǚ.
- Nonstandard spelling of lǜ.
Usage notes
[edit]- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Muong
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Vietic *m-luː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *bluuʔ.
A great number of Muong lects, as well as Vietnamese, had replaced this native etymology with Sinitic 腿 (tuǐ).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]lu
Neapolitan
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]lu
- Alternative form of 'u
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Noun
[edit]lu m
References
[edit]- Ivar Aasen (1850) “Lu”, in Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog[2] (in Danish), Oslo: Samlaget, published 2000
Old French
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Noun
[edit]lu oblique singular, m (oblique plural lus, nominative singular lus, nominative plural lu)
Sassarese
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Vulgar Latin *(il)lu, from Latin illum, accusative of ille (“that”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Article
[edit]lu m sg (plural li, feminine la)
Sassarese definite articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | lu/l' | li/l' |
feminine | la/l' |
- the (masculine singular)
Usage notes
[edit]- Becomes l' before a vowel.
Pronoun
[edit]- (followed by chi) that
- Di curori vi ni so umbè. Ca è lu chi tu priferi?
- There are lots of colors. Which one do you prefer?
- (literally, “Of colors there are a lot. Which one is that which you prefer?”)
- him (accusative)
- Lu cunnosci? ― Do you know him?
- it (accusative)
- Abà ti lu diggu ― Now I'll tell you (literally, “Now I tell it to you”)
References
[edit]- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Sicilian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum, from ille.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Article
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]- This article is nowadays an obsolete variant, unlike its illiquid counterpart u. It is currently used only in some restricted areas where it is still withheld in conversational communications.
- Today it is mostly used in crystallized contexts, such as singing, poetry or sayings and proverbs. In all these cases this definite article is more euphonetic than the variants, now predominant, which have undergone the lenition of the initial liquid consonant.
- Its use is however almost undisputed before nouns (or nominalized forms of other parts of speech, most often adjectives) that begin with vowels. In this case the form is an apocopic l'. Otherwise, illiquid definite articles are phonetically absorbed by the following noun. I.e: l'arancinu (liquid) and ârancinu (illiquid).
Inflection
[edit]Sicilian articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine singular definite article | Feminine singular definite article | Masculine and feminine plural definite article | ||
Definite articles (liquid) | lu | la | li | |
Definite articles (illiquid) | u | a | i | |
Definite articles | nu (also: un,'n) |
na |
Etymology 2
[edit]From the apheresis of Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin illum, from ille.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]lu m sg (plural li, female la)
- (accusative) him
- Synonym: u
- Lu canusci? ― Do you know him?
- (accusative) it, this or that thing
- Synonym: u
- Quannu ti lu desi. ― When I gave it to you.
Usage notes
[edit]- This pronoun is now an obsolete variant. It is currently used only in some restricted areas where it is still withheld in conversational communications.
- Today it is mostly used in crystallized contexts, such as singing, poetry or sayings and proverbs. In all these cases this definite article is more euphonetic than the variants, now predominant, which have undergone the lenition of the initial liquid consonant.
- Its use is however almost undisputed before words that begin with vowels. In this case the form is an apocopic l'.
Sumerian
[edit]Romanization
[edit]lu
- Romanization of 𒇻 (lu)
Tocharian A
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Tocharian *luwā-, from Proto-Indo-European *luh₂eh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- (“to seize, gain”). Compare Tocharian B luwo. Related to Old Church Slavonic ловъ (lovŭ, “hunt”), Serbo-Croatian lȏv (“chase; game animal”); compare also Ancient Greek λέων (léōn, “lion”).
Noun
[edit]lu
Veps
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *luu, from Proto-Uralic *luwe.
Noun
[edit]lu
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of lu (inflection type 13/ma) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | lu | ||
genitive sing. | lun | ||
partitive sing. | lud | ||
partitive plur. | luid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | lu | lud | |
accusative | lun | lud | |
genitive | lun | luiden | |
partitive | lud | luid | |
essive-instructive | lun | luin | |
translative | luks | luikš | |
inessive | lus | luiš | |
elative | luspäi | luišpäi | |
illative | luhu | luihe | |
adessive | lul | luil | |
ablative | lulpäi | luilpäi | |
allative | lule | luile | |
abessive | luta | luita | |
comitative | lunke | luidenke | |
prolative | ludme | luidme | |
approximative I | lunno | luidenno | |
approximative II | lunnoks | luidennoks | |
egressive | lunnopäi | luidennopäi | |
terminative I | luhusai | luihesai | |
terminative II | lulesai | luilesai | |
terminative III | lussai | — | |
additive I | luhupäi | luihepäi | |
additive II | lulepäi | luilepäi |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “кость”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary][3], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Vietnamese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Compare Khmer លូ (luu, “large jar”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit](classifier cái) lu
Welsh
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /lɨː/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /liː/
Noun
[edit]lu
- Soft mutation of llu.
Mutation
[edit]Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
llu | lu | unchanged | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Zazaki
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Noun
[edit]lu
Zou
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]lu
References
[edit]- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 42
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