linia

See also: Linia, línia, linią, and Linią

Polish

linia

Alternative forms

• linija (Middle Polish)
• linja (pre-reform orthography (1936))
• lenija (Far Masovian)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin līnea. First attested in 1535. Compare Kashubian liniô and Silesian lynijŏ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈliɲ.ja/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iɲja
• Syllabification: lin‧ia

Noun

linia f (diminutive linijka, related adjective linijny or liniowy)

1. line (long shape, continuous mark, including as made by a pen)
2. line (separating border)
3. line (series of people or things placed next to each other)

   Synonyms: rząd, szereg

4. line, figure (slim body or waist)
5. line (external shape of something)
6. line (oblong shape that is permanently formed by the folding of the skin in the palm of the hand, from which some people infer some aspect of a person's life)
7. line (system of conduits for transmitting)
8. line (telephone channel through which the call is established)

   Synonym: połączenie

9. line (fixed route along which specific types of vehicles run)

   Synonym: trasa

10. line (all vehicles running on such a route)

    Synonym: trasa

11. line (enterprise that provides communication services of a specific type of means of transport, i.e. flying)
12. line (written or printed row of letters, words, numbers or other text)

    Synonyms: wers, wiersz

13. (military) line (place where combat occurs)
14. (military) line (border defended by a military)
15. line (set of devices installed in a specific order that are used for the industrial production of some type of product)
16. (sometimes proscribed due to overuse) line (set of products or services sold by a business)

    Synonym: (prescribed) seria

17. line (series or succession of ancestors or descendants of a given person)
18. (literary) line (course of conduct)

    Synonym: kierunek

19. (music) line (series of notes)
20. (dated) ruler (measuring device)

    Synonyms: liniał, linijka

21. line (boundary that separates people, groups of people or phenomena that are different in some respect)
22. (printing) line (typesetting material, the mesh of which produces a print of a line of a certain thickness)
23. (historical) line (unit of length used in Anglo-Saxon countries, formerly used in many countries; especially one twelfth of an inch)
24. (Middle Polish) riverbank

    Synonym: brzeg rzeki

25. (Middle Polish) principle, regulation, rule of conduct
26. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
    • 1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon‎^[1], page 127a:

      Filum, Nić. Filum etiam est, Strefa, Linia/ Sztrich.

      [Filum, Nić. Filum etiam est, Strefa, Linia/ Sztrych.]

27. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
    • 1579-1597, Akta prawne miasta Kościerzyny‎^[2], page 1580/11v:

      iako Opatrzny Pawel wrobel kupil od Vtciwego Bartoſza zwarki Szoltisa, Wmiaſteczku pliać, ktory lieży miedzy domem Iana Kurka ziedney strony a Frąckowym domem linie zdrugiey.

      [jako Opatrzny Pawel wróbel kupił od Utciwego Bartosza zwarki Szoltisa, W miasteczku plać, który leży miedzy domem Jana Kurka z jednej strony a Frąckowym domem linie z drugiej.]

Declension

Declension of linia

	singular	plural
nominative	linia	linie
genitive	linii	linii/linij (archaic)
dative	linii	liniom
accusative	linię	linie
instrumental	linią	liniami
locative	linii	liniach
vocative	linio	linie

Derived terms

adverbs

• na całej linii
• na pierwszej linii
• w linii prostej

 

nouns

• błękitna linia
• gorąca linia
• linia papilarna
• linia wodna
• linia zabudowy
• zielona linia

 

prepositions

• na linii

 

verbs

• pójść po linii najmniejszego oporu pf, iść po linii najmniejszego oporu impf

 

Related terms

adverb

• liniowo

 

nouns

• linijność
• liniowość

 

Descendants

• →? Russian: линия (linija) (or from German)

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), linia is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 44 times in scientific texts, 47 times in news, 19 times in essays, 14 times in fiction, and 8 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 132 times, making it the 456th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

Further reading

• linia in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• linia in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• “LINIA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 01.07.2019
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “linia”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “linia”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “linia”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 745
• linia in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

Romanian

Etymology

From linie.

Verb

a linia (third-person singular present liniază, past participle liniat) 1st conj.

1. to line

Conjugation

    conjugation of linia (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a linia
gerund			liniind
past participle			liniat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	liniez	liniezi	liniază	liniem	liniați	liniază
	imperfect	liniam	liniai	linia	liniam	liniați	liniau
	simple perfect	liniai	liniași	linie	liniarăm	liniarăți	liniară
	pluperfect	liniasem	liniaseși	liniase	liniaserăm	liniaserăți	liniaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să liniez	să liniezi	să linieze	să liniem	să liniați	să linieze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		liniază			liniați
	negative		nu linia			nu liniați