jak

See also: Appendix:Variations of "jak"

English

Noun

jak (plural jaks)

Alternative form of jack (“the tree Mangifera caesia”)

Related terms

jakfruit

Anagrams

AJK, kaj

Acehnese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɟaʔ/

Verb

jak

to walk; to go

References

Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.

Albanian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [jak]

Noun

jak m (plural jakë, definite jaku, definite plural jakët)

(zoology) yak; (domesticated) wild ox

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

jak

Wikipedia ^cs

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈjak]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ak

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Czech jak, from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”).

Adverb

jak

how
Jak se máš/máte? ― How are you?

Jak to jde? ― How's it going?

Conjunction

jak

as
jak Petr tak Pavel ― both Peter and Paul

jak se do lesa volá, tak se z lesa ozývá ― as you call into the forest, you hear from the forest; what goes around comes around

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag),^[1] from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Noun

jak m anim

yak (mammal)

Declension

Declension of jak (velar masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	jak	jaci, jakové
genitive	jaka	jaků
dative	jakovi, jaku	jakům
accusative	jaka	jaky
vocative	jaku	jaci, jakové
locative	jakovi, jaku	jacích
instrumental	jakem	jaky

Derived terms

jačí

References

^ Jiří Rejzek (2007) “jak²”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

Dutch

Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:

jak

Wikipedia ^nl

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jɑk/
Hyphenation: jak
Rhymes: -ɑk

Etymology 1

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Alternative forms

yack, yak

Noun

jak m (plural jaks, diminutive jakje n)

yak, the ox-like Himalayan bovine, Bos grunniens

Derived terms

(produce) jakboter, jakmelk

Etymology 2

Cognate with English jacket.

Noun

jak n (plural jakken, diminutive jakje n)

tight upper body garment

Descendants

Negerhollands: jakje (from the diminutive)

Garo

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /d͡ʒak/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *yak (“hand; arm”). Cognate with Narua lak (“hand”).

Noun

jak

hand
arm

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bodo-Garo *yak (“leaf”).

Noun

jak

leaf

Classifier

jak

used with leaves

Hungarian

Etymology

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈjɒk]
Rhymes: -ɒk

Noun

jak (plural jakok)

yak

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	jak	jakok
accusative	jakot	jakokat
dative	jaknak	jakoknak
instrumental	jakkal	jakokkal
causal-final	jakért	jakokért
translative	jakká	jakokká
terminative	jakig	jakokig
essive-formal	jakként	jakokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	jakban	jakokban
superessive	jakon	jakokon
adessive	jaknál	jakoknál
illative	jakba	jakokba
sublative	jakra	jakokra
allative	jakhoz	jakokhoz
elative	jakból	jakokból
delative	jakról	jakokról
ablative	jaktól	jakoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	jaké	jakoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	jakéi	jakokéi

Possessive forms of jak
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	jakom	jakjaim
2nd person sing.	jakod	jakjaid
3rd person sing.	jakja	jakjai
1st person plural	jakunk	jakjaink
2nd person plural	jakotok	jakjaitok
3rd person plural	jakjuk	jakjaik

Derived terms

Expressions

jakvajas mécses

Kalo Finnish Romani

Noun

jak f (genitive jakkako, nominative plural jakka, genitive plural jakkengo)

(anatomy) eye

Derived terms

Kashubian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈjak/
Rhymes: -ak
Syllabification: jak

Adverb

jak (not comparable)

how

Conjunction

jak

how

Lashi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /d͡ʑak/

Noun

jak

machine

References

Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎^[3], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Malay

Adverb

jak

(Pontianak) Alternative spelling of sahaja (“only”)

Middle English

Noun

jak

Alternative form of jakke

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia has an article on:

jak

Wikipedia ^nb

Etymology

From languages such as English yak, German Jak or French yak, all from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag, “yak”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ (“sheep, yak”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jak/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ak
Hyphenation: jak
Homophone: jakk

Noun

jak m (definite singular jaken, indefinite plural jaker, definite plural jakene)

a yak (an ox-like mammal native to the Himalayas, Mongolia, Burma, and Tibet with dark, long, and silky hair, a horse-like tail, and a full, bushy mane; scientific name Bos grunniens)

References

“jak” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
“jak” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
“jak” in Store norske leksikon

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈjak/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈjak/

Adverb

jak

Alternative form of jako.

Conjunction

jak

Alternative form of jako.

Descendants

Czech: jak

References

Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “jak”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”). First attested in the 15th century.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /jak/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /jak/

Adverb

jak

adverbial interrogative; how (in what way)
adverbial relational; as, like (in a similar way)
The meaning of this term is uncertain.
- 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 7:
  A thak albo jak (war. lub.: tak a wsak) igitur (igitur perfecti sunt caeli et terra Gen 2, 1)
  [A tak albo jak (war. lub.: tak a wszak) igitur (igitur perfecti sunt caeli et terra Gen 2, 1)]

Conjunction

jak

introduces a conditional; if
introduces a temporal clause; when

Descendants

Polish: jak
Silesian: jak

References

B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “jak”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈjak/

(Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈjak/
(Greater Poland):
- (Chełmno-Dobrzyń) IPA^(key): /ˈjak/
- (Kuyavia) IPA^(key): /ˈjak/

Audio 1: (file)
Audio 2: (file)
Audio 3: (file)
Audio 4: (file)
Rhymes: -ak
Syllabification: jak
Homophone: Jak

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish jak.

Pronoun

jak

how (to what degree or extent)
Jak masz na imię? ― What's your name? (informal)

Jak się masz? ― How are you? (informal)

Jak to zrobiłeś? ― How did you do that?

Related terms

conjunctions

jako

pronouns

jaki

Conjunction

jak

as (in the same way or manner that; to the same degree that)
Jak widać, jeszcze nie skończyłam. ― As you can see, I haven't finished yet.

Jego ojciec jest silny jak wół. ― His father is strong as an ox.
like, as if, as though (in a manner suggesting)
Wyglądasz jak obcokrajowiec. ― You look like a foreigner.
(colloquial or dialectal, Kuyavia) replaces kiedy and gdy; when (during the time that)
Jak byłem w lesie, to widziałem niedźwiedzia. ― When I was in the forest, I saw a bear.
(colloquial or dialectal, Kuyavia) replaces jeśli and jeżeli; if (supposing that, assuming that, in the circumstances that)
Jak będziesz dalej tak robiła, to w końcu cię rzuci. ― If you keep doing that, he'll eventually dump you.
(colloquial or dialectal, Chełmno-Dobrzyń, Kuyavia) replaces niż; than (used in comparisons, to introduce the basis of comparison)
Typ nie miał więcej jak metr sześćdziesiąt. ― The guy was no taller than five feet three.
used with a superlative; as much as, as soon as (used to say that two things are equal in amount or degree)
Zrobię to jak najszybciej. ― I'll do it as soon as possible.

Related terms

particles

jak najbardziej

Etymology 2

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:

jak

Wikipedia ^pl

Borrowed from English yak.

Noun

jak m animal (related adjective jaczy)

yak, Tartary ox, grunting ox, hairy cattle (Bos grunniens)

Declension

Declension of jak

	singular	plural
nominative	jak	jaki
genitive	jaka	jaków
dative	jakowi	jakom
accusative	jaka	jaki
instrumental	jakiem	jakami
locative	jaku	jakach
vocative	jaku	jaki

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), jak is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 375 times in scientific texts, 247 times in news, 343 times in essays, 530 times in fiction, and 756 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2251 times, making it the 18th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

References

^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “jak”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 159

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jakъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jâːk/

Adjective

jȃk (Cyrillic spelling ја̑к, definite jȃkī, comparative jȁčī)

strong
Synonyms: silan, snažan

Declension

positive indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jak	jaka	jako
genitive		jaka	jake	jaka
dative		jaku	jakoj	jaku
accusative	inanimate animate	jak jaka	jaku	jako
vocative		jak	jaka	jako
locative		jaku	jakoj	jaku
instrumental		jakim	jakom	jakim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jaki	jake	jaka
genitive		jakih	jakih	jakih
dative		jakim(a)	jakim(a)	jakim(a)
accusative		jake	jake	jaka
vocative		jaki	jake	jaka
locative		jakim(a)	jakim(a)	jakim(a)
instrumental		jakim(a)	jakim(a)	jakim(a)

positive definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jaki	jaka	jako
genitive		jakog(a)	jake	jakog(a)
dative		jakom(u/e)	jakoj	jakom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	jaki jakog(a)	jaku	jako
vocative		jaki	jaka	jako
locative		jakom(e/u)	jakoj	jakom(e/u)
instrumental		jakim	jakom	jakim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jaki	jake	jaka
genitive		jakih	jakih	jakih
dative		jakim(a)	jakim(a)	jakim(a)
accusative		jake	jake	jaka
vocative		jaki	jake	jaka
locative		jakim(a)	jakim(a)	jakim(a)
instrumental		jakim(a)	jakim(a)	jakim(a)

comparative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jači	jača	jače
genitive		jačeg(a)	jače	jačeg(a)
dative		jačem(u)	jačoj	jačem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	jači jačeg(a)	jaču	jače
vocative		jači	jača	jače
locative		jačem(u)	jačoj	jačem(u)
instrumental		jačim	jačom	jačim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jači	jače	jača
genitive		jačih	jačih	jačih
dative		jačim(a)	jačim(a)	jačim(a)
accusative		jače	jače	jača
vocative		jači	jače	jača
locative		jačim(a)	jačim(a)	jačim(a)
instrumental		jačim(a)	jačim(a)	jačim(a)

superlative forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najjači	najjača	najjače
genitive		najjačeg(a)	najjače	najjačeg(a)
dative		najjačem(u)	najjačoj	najjačem(u)
accusative	inanimate animate	najjači najjačeg(a)	najjaču	najjače
vocative		najjači	najjača	najjače
locative		najjačem(u)	najjačoj	najjačem(u)
instrumental		najjačim	najjačom	najjačim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		najjači	najjače	najjača
genitive		najjačih	najjačih	najjačih
dative		najjačim(a)	najjačim(a)	najjačim(a)
accusative		najjače	najjače	najjača
vocative		najjači	najjače	najjača
locative		najjačim(a)	najjačim(a)	najjačim(a)
instrumental		najjačim(a)	najjačim(a)	najjačim(a)

Related terms

jačati

Etymology 2

Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia has an article on:

jak

Wikipedia ^sh

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jâk/

Noun

jȁk m (Cyrillic spelling ја̏к)

yak (ox-like mammal)

Declension

Declension of jak

	singular	plural
nominative	jȁk	jàkovi
genitive	jaka	jakova
dative	jaku	jakovima
accusative	jaka	jakove
vocative	jače	jakovi
locative	jaku	jakovima
instrumental	jakom	jakovima

Silesian

Alternative forms

jako

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish jak.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈjak/
Rhymes: -ak
Syllabification: jak

Pronoun

jak

how

Adverb

jak

comparative as
Synonyms: choby, choćby
as (in the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that)
as well as
when
Synonyms: kedy, kej
than
Synonyms: aniżeli, niż
if
Synonyms: dy, ejźli, eli, eźli, gdy, jeli, jeźli, jeźli

Slovak

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:

jak

Wikipedia ^sk

Etymology

Derived from Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ (“sheep, yak”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [jak]

Noun

jak m animal (genitive singular jaka, nominative plural jaky, genitive plural jakov, declension pattern of dub)

yak

Declension

Declension of jak

	singular	plural
nominative	jak	jaky
genitive	jaka	jakov
dative	jakovi	jakom
accusative	jaka	jaky
locative	jakovi	jakoch
instrumental	jakom	jakmi

Derived terms

jačí

Slovene

Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:

jak

Wikipedia ^sl

Etymology

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jáːk/

Noun

jȃk m anim

yak (ox-like mammal)

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	ják
gen. sing.	jáka
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	ják	jáka	jáki
genitive (rodȋlnik)	jáka	jákov	jákov
dative (dajȃlnik)	jáku	jákoma	jákom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	jáka	jáka	jáke
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	jáku	jákih	jákih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	jákom	jákoma	jáki

Slovincian

Alternative forms

ak, akô, jakô

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jako (“how, in which way”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈjak/
Rhymes: -ak
Syllabification: jak

Adverb

jak (not comparable)

(interrogative) how

Conjunction

jak

as, like
(in comparisons) like; than

Swedish

Etymology

From Tibetan གཡག (g.yag), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-jak ~ g-jaŋ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jɑːk/

Noun

jak c

a yak, an ox-like mammal

Declension

Declension of jak

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	jak	jaks
singular	definite	jaken	jakens
plural	indefinite	jakar	jakars
plural	definite	jakarna	jakarnas

Volapük

Etymology

From English shark.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʃak]

Noun

jak (nominative plural jaks)

shark

Declension

declension of jak

	singular	plural
nominative	jak	jaks
genitive	jaka	jakas
dative	jake	jakes
accusative	jaki	jakis
vocative ¹	o jak!	o jaks!
predicative ²	jaku	jakus

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

hijak
jijak

[1] Jiří Rejzek (2007) “jak²”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

[2] Ida Kurcz (1990) “jak”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 159

[1]

[1]

jak

English

Noun

Related terms

Anagrams

Acehnese

Pronunciation

Verb

References

Albanian

Pronunciation

Noun

Further reading

Czech

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adverb

Conjunction

See also

Etymology 2

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References

Further reading

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Descendants

Garo

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Noun

Classifier

Hungarian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Kalo Finnish Romani

Noun

Derived terms

Kashubian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adverb

Conjunction

Further reading

Lashi

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Malay

Adverb

Middle English

Noun

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

References

Old Czech

Etymology

Pronunciation

Adverb

Conjunction

Descendants

References

Old Polish

Etymology

Pronunciation