incruster

French

FWOTD – 12 September 2015

Etymology

Inherited from Old French incruster, borrowed from Latin incrustāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

incruster

1. to embed, to inlay
   • 1873, Jules Verne, chapter 13, in Le Tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours [Around the World in Eighty Days], Paris: J. Hetzel et Compagnie:

     Cependant Passepartout, juché sur les premières branches d’un arbre, ruminait une idée qui avait d’abord traversé son esprit comme un éclair, et qui finit par s’incruster dans son cerveau.

     Meanwhile Passepartout, who had perched himself on the lower branches of a tree, was resolving an idea which had at first struck him like a flash, and which was now firmly lodged in his brain.

2. (reflexive, informal) to gatecrash, to stay (for a long time), to overstay
   • 2012 [1928], Robert Laffont, transl., Les quatre Hollandais, translation of The Four Dutchmen by W. Somerset Maugham, →ISBN:

     Ça me gênait beaucoup de m’incruster chez vous, j’avais honte d’abuser : mais, à présent, je n’ai plus d’excuse.

     It's made me very uncomfortable planting myself on you like this, I've been quite ashamed, but now there's no excuse for me.

Conjugation

Conjugation of incruster (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	incruster
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	incrustant /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		incrusté /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/	incrustes /ɛ̃.kʁyst/	incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/	incrustons /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɔ̃/	incrustez /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/	incrustent /ɛ̃.kʁyst/
	imperfect	incrustais /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛ/	incrustais /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛ/	incrustait /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛ/	incrustions /ɛ̃.kʁys.tjɔ̃/	incrustiez /ɛ̃.kʁys.tje/	incrustaient /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛ/
	past historic2	incrustai /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/	incrustas /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta/	incrusta /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta/	incrustâmes /ɛ̃.kʁys.tam/	incrustâtes /ɛ̃.kʁys.tat/	incrustèrent /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɛʁ/
	future	incrusterai /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁe/	incrusteras /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁa/	incrustera /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁa/	incrusterons /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɔ̃/	incrusterez /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁe/	incrusteront /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	incrusterais /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɛ/	incrusterais /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɛ/	incrusterait /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɛ/	incrusterions /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁjɔ̃/	incrusteriez /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁje/	incrusteraient /ɛ̃.kʁys.tə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/	incrustes /ɛ̃.kʁyst/	incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/	incrustions /ɛ̃.kʁys.tjɔ̃/	incrustiez /ɛ̃.kʁys.tje/	incrustent /ɛ̃.kʁyst/
	imperfect2	incrustasse /ɛ̃.kʁys.tas/	incrustasses /ɛ̃.kʁys.tas/	incrustât /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta/	incrustassions /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta.sjɔ̃/	incrustassiez /ɛ̃.kʁys.ta.sje/	incrustassent /ɛ̃.kʁys.tas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	incruste /ɛ̃.kʁyst/	—	incrustons /ɛ̃.kʁys.tɔ̃/	incrustez /ɛ̃.kʁys.te/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Descendants

• → English: encrust

Further reading

• “incruster”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Latin

Verb

incrū̆ster

1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of incrū̆stō

Old French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin incrustō.

Verb

incruster

1. to cover with a crust

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-sts, *-stt are modified to z, st. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of incruster (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		incruster			avoir incrusté
gerund		en incrustant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		incrustant
past participle		incrusté
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	incrust	incrustes	incruste	incrustons	incrustez	incrustent
	imperfect	incrustoie, incrusteie, incrustoe, incrusteve	incrustoies, incrusteies, incrustoes, incrusteves	incrustoit, incrusteit, incrustot, incrusteve	incrustiiens, incrustiens	incrustiiez, incrustiez	incrustoient, incrusteient, incrustoent, incrustevent
	preterite	incrustai	incrustas	incrusta	incrustames	incrustastes	incrusterent
	future	incrusterai	incrusteras	incrustera	incrusterons	incrusteroiz, incrustereiz, incrusterez	incrusteront
	conditional	incrusteroie, incrustereie	incrusteroies, incrustereies	incrusteroit, incrustereit	incrusteriiens, incrusteriens	incrusteriiez, incrusteriez	incrusteroient, incrustereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	incrust	incruz	incrust	incrustons	incrustez	incrustent
	imperfect	incrustasse	incrustasses	incrustast	incrustissons, incrustissiens	incrustissoiz, incrustissez, incrustissiez	incrustassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	incruste	—	incrustons	incrustez	—