e

See also: E, è, é, e-, -e, and Appendix:Variations of "e"

e U+0065, e LATIN SMALL LETTER E ← d [U+0064] Basic Latin f → [U+0066]

Character variations

ᵉ U+1D49, ᵉ MODIFIER LETTER SMALL E ← ᵈ [U+1D48] Phonetic Extensions ᵊ → [U+1D4A]

ｅ U+FF45, ｅ FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER E ← ｄ [U+FF44] Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms ｆ → [U+FF46]

Languages (119)

Translingual • English

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Afar • Afrikaans • Ainu • Albanian • Alemannic German • Angolar • Aromanian • Azerbaijani • Basque • Breton • Catalan • Chinese • Corsican • Dalmatian • Dutch • Emilian • Esperanto • Estonian • Fala • Faroese • Finnish • French • Friulian • Fula • Galician • Gothic • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Gun • Hawaiian • Hungarian • Iau • Icelandic • Ido • Igbo • Indo-Portuguese • Indonesian • Interlingua • Irish • Istriot • Italian • Italiot Greek • Japanese • Kabuverdianu • Kaingang • Kankanaey • Kapampangan • Kashubian • Kosraean • Latin • Latvian • Ligurian • Livonian • Lule Sami • Malay • Maltese • Mandarin • Mauritian Creole • Mbyá Guaraní • Middle English • Middle Low German • Mokilese • Navajo • Neapolitan • North Frisian • Norwegian • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nupe • Nzadi • Occitan • Old French • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old Occitan • Old Spanish • Ometepec Nahuatl • Papiamentu • Pohnpeian • Polish • Portuguese • Rapa Nui • Rawang • Romagnol • Romani • Romanian • Samoan • Sardinian • Sassarese • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Sicilian • Silesian • Skolt Sami • Slovene • Spanish • Sranan Tongo • Sumerian • Swedish • Tagalog • Tahitian • Teop • Tlingit • Tokelauan • Tongan • Tooro • Turkish • Turkmen • Tuvaluan • Vietnamese • Vilamovian • Volapük • Welsh • West Makian • Yele • Yola • Yoruba • Zazaki • Zulu

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Modification of capital letter E in uncial script, from Ancient Greek Ε (E, Epsilon).

Pronunciation

• Pronunciation of IPA [eː]:

  (file)

Letter

e (upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the basic modern Latin alphabet.

See also

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter E):  Éé  Èè  Êê  Ḙḙ  Ěě  Ĕĕ  Ẽẽ  Ḛḛ  Ẻẻ  Ėė  Ëë  Ēē  Ȩȩ  Ęę  ᶒ  Ɇɇ  Ȅȅ  Ếế  Ềề  Ễễ  Ểể  Ḝḝ  Ḗḗ  Ḕḕ  Ȇȇ  Ẹẹ  Ệệ  ⱸ  ᴇ  Ｅｅ  Ææ  Ǽǽ  Ǣǣ  &  Œœ  ᵫ
• (select similar letters and symbols) ɘ ǝ Ə Ɛ Æ Œ
• (other scripts) ε (epsilon) е
• See Appendix:Variations of "e"

Symbol

e

1. (mathematics) The base of natural logarithms, also known as Euler's number, a transcendental number with a value of approximately 2.718281828459…
2. (sciences, computing) Symbol separating mantissa from the exponent in scientific notation.

   1.2566e-6 = 1.2566 × 10^-6

3. (IPA) a close-mid front unrounded vowel.
4. (superscript ⟨ᵉ⟩, IPA) [e]-coloring or a weak, fleeting, epenthetic or echo [e].
5. (algebra, group theory) identity element.

   a ∘ e = e ∘ a = a

6. (physics) Electron.
7. (physics) Elementary charge.
8. (mathematics) Eccentricity.
   • 2006 August, Alexander V. Krivov, Artem G. Feofilov, Valeri V. Dikarev, “Search for the putative dust belts of Mars: The late 2007 opportunity”, in Planetary and Space Science, volume 54, numbers 9–10 (in English), →DOI, page 873:

     In addition, we included here another effect—the modulation of the radiation pressure force by the orbital eccentricity of Mars, $e_{M}=0.093$—an effect, whose existence was first pointed out by Juhász and Horányi (1995) […]

Usage notes

In the sense as a mathematical constant, the symbol is traditionally represented in an italic font.

Synonyms

• (scientific notation): E
• (electron): e⁻
• (identity element): 1, (chiefly matrices) I

Gallery

• Letter styles
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase versions of E, in normal and italic type
• 
  Uppercase and lowercase E in Fraktur
• 
  Approximate form of upper case letter E in uncial script that was the source for lower case e

See also

Other representations of E:

NATO phonetic: Echo Morse code: · Braille: ⠑ ASL Manual: E

Signal flag:

Semaphore:

English

Etymology 1

The letter name is ultimately from Latin ē. Use of the Latin letter in (Old) English displaced, in whole or in part, five futhorc letters in the 7th century: ᛖ (e), ᚫ (æ), ᛠ (ea), ᛇ (eo), and ᛟ (œ).

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ˈiː/

  • Audio (UK):

    (file)

  • Audio (US):

    (file)

  • Rhymes: -iː
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ɛ/, /iː/, /ɪ/, /ə/, /eɪ/
  • In addition to the phonemes noted above, "e" can also be silent, representing no sound itself but indicating which phoneme another letter in the word represents. See the article "Silent e" on Wikipedia.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E, plural es or e's)

1. The fifth letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Coordinate terms

• (Latin script letters) letter; Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Derived terms

• closed e
• open e

 

Number

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The ordinal number fifth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Noun

e (plural ees)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

Alternative forms

• ee

Coordinate terms

• (Latin-script letter names) letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee/zed ^{(Category: en:Latin letter names)}

Etymology 2

From a deliberate apheresis of both he and she.

Pronoun

e (third-person singular, nominative case, accusative em, possessive adjective eir, possessive noun eirs, reflexive emself)

1. (rare, epicene, nonstandard) A gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, equivalent to the singular they and coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
   • 2000, Jane Love, “Ethics, Plugged and Unplugged: The Pegagogy of Disorderly Conduct”, in James A. Inman, Donna N. Sewell, editors, Taking flight with OWLs: Examining Electronic Writing Center Work, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, →OL, LCC PE1414.T24 1999, page 193:

     E invites em to consider how ey represent emselves^[sic], and in so doing, e focuses eir attention on the ethics that make human relations possible.

   • 2023, Aimee Ogden, “A Half-Remembered World”, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, vol. 145, no. 1-2, whole no. 768 (July/August 2023), pages 146-202

     Empre waded out to help them cross the last stretch. More people, a few hundred, perhaps, had gathered along the shore. One of them came running at Melu with a cry—she threw up her arms in defense. But it was Aeran, only Aeran. E seized Asu and clasped her close, eir eyes closed tightly as e sobbed eir relief.

Synonyms

• ey
• see Appendix:English third-person singular pronouns

Translations

See e/translations § English.

Etymology 3

Abbreviations.

1. (stenoscript) a word-initial letter ⟨e⟩
2. (stenoscript) the long vowel /iː/ at the end of a word, or before a final consonant that is not /dʒ, v, z/. (Note: the final consonant is not written; [ɪə˞] counts as /iːr/.)
3. (stenoscript) the words he, me

Afar

Letter

e

1. The fifth letter of the Afar alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, T t, S s, E e, C c, K k, X x, I i, D d, Q q, R r, F f, G g, O o, L l, M m, N n, U u, W w, H h, Y y

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

e (plural e's, diminutive e'tjie)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

Ainu

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e̞/

Verb

e (Kana spelling エ)

1. (transitive) to eat

Synonyms

• ipe

See also

• ku (“to drink”)

Albanian

Alternative forms

• edhe, dhe (conjunction)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• Conjunction e (“and, also”): according to Orel from Proto-Albanian *ō(d), from Proto-Indo-European *ēd ~ *ōd (ablative sg. stem of Proto-Indo-European *ē- ~ *ō-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛ]

Conjunction

e

1. and
2. also

Related terms

• edhe, dhe, ende, andej, anë, ani, tani

Pronoun

e m or f or n

1. Third-person singular accusative-case pronominal clitic (him, her, it)

   E di. / S'e di.

   I know it. / I don't know it.

   E bleva.

   I bought it.

Preposition

e

1. (of)

   Besa e shqiptarit nuk shitet pazarit.

   The honor of an Albanian can not be sold or bought in a bazaar.

Article

e

1. adjectival article for:
   1. definite masculine singular adjectives in all accusative case
   2. indefinite feminine singular adjectives in the nominative case
   3. definite plural and feminine singular adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases

Related terms

• -a, -e, -i, -ia, -ja, -o, -u, -të
• e, i, të, së

See also

Forms of the adjectival articles

	masculine		feminine		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	i	i	e	e	të	e
accusative	të	e	të	e	të	e
dative and ablative	të	të	të	së	të	të

Note that regardless of the definite state of the noun being described, the definite articles are only used when immediately following a definite-form noun. If two adjectives (or other words that use these articles) come back to back, the second word's article will be indefinite.

• yjet e mëdhenj të largët ― the large, distant stars

Notice that while both adjectives require the adjectival article and the same masculine plural agreement, only the first adjectival article takes its definite form, as the second is not in the immediate environment of the modified definite noun.

Alemannic German

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/

Article

e f

1. (indefinite) a/an

Declension

Declension of en
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative/accusative	en	e	es	-
dative	emene	enere	emene	{{{8}}}

• Short forms of the dative – eme, ere, eme – are also common.

Angolar

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

e

1. he

Aromanian

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and
2. but
3. or

Synonyms

• (and): shi

Azerbaijani

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e lower case (upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Azerbaijani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) hərf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Əə, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Xx, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Qq, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/, [e̞]

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Basque alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, (Ç ç), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, (Ü ü), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Noun

e (indeclinable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta

Breton

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

e

1. his

Etymology 2

From Proto-Brythonic *ɨn, from Proto-Celtic *eni.

Preposition

e

1. in

Inflection

  Personal forms of e  

singular		plural
1	ennon	1	ennomp
2	ennout	2	ennoc'h
3 m	ennañ	3	enno
3 f	enni
imp.	ennor

Usage notes

It contracts with the articles, see el, en and er.

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈe]
• Rhymes: -e

Noun

e f (plural es)

1. the Latin letter E (lowercase e)

Chinese

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yī, yì (yi¹, yi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧ, ㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yī
    • Zhuyin: ㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yi
    • Wade–Giles: i¹
    • Yale: yī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: i
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yì
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yì
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴
    • Yale: yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji¹
    • Yale: yī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː⁵⁵/

Prefix

e

1. e- (electronic)

Etymology 2

From clipping of English email.

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ji¹ / i¹

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ji¹ / i¹
    • Yale: yī / ī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ji¹ / i¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yi¹ / i¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː⁵⁵/, /iː⁵⁵/

Verb

e

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to email

Corsican

Etymology

From the earlier le.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ/
• Homophones: è, hè

Article

e f pl (masculine singular u, feminine singular a, masculine plural i)

1. the (feminine plural)

Usage notes

• Before a vowel, e turns into l'.

Pronoun

e f pl

1. them (feminine direct object)

Usage notes

• Before a vowel, e turns into l'.

See also

Corsican personal pronouns

		Nominative	Dative	Accusative	Disjunctive
Singular	1st person	eiu	mi		mè
	2nd person	tù	ti		tè
	3rd person m	ellu	li	u, l'	ellu
	3rd person f	ella		a, l'	ella
Plural	1st person	noi	ci		noi
	2nd person	voi	vi		voi
	3rd person m	elli	li	i, l'	elli
	3rd person f	elle		e, l'	elle

References

• https://infcor.adecec.net/

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eː
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /eː/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. the fifth letter of the Dutch alphabet

See also

• Previous letter: d
• Next letter: f

Emilian

Etymology

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Conjunction

e

1. and

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /e/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /e/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Esperanto alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) litero; Aa, Bb, Cc, Ĉĉ, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ĝĝ, Hh, Ĥĥ, Ii, Jj, Ĵĵ, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Ŝŝ, Tt, Uu, Ŭŭ, Vv, Zz

Noun

e (accusative singular e-on, plural e-oj, accusative plural e-ojn)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo ^{(Category: eo:Latin letter names)}

Estonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeː/, [ˈeː]

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Estonian alphabet, called ee and written in the Latin script.

Conjunction

e

1. Abbreviation of ehk; or, a.k.a.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) täht; A a, B b (C c), D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p (Q q), R r, S s, Š š, Z z, Ž ž, T t, U u, V v (W w), Õ õ, Ä ä, Ö ö, Ü ü (X x, Y y)

Fala

Conjunction

e

1. Alternative form of i

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eː/
• Rhymes: -eː

Letter

e (upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Faroese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) bókstavur; Aa, Áá, Bb, Dd, Ðð, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Íí, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Óó, Pp, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Úú, Vv, Yy, Ýý, Ææ, Øø

Finnish

Etymology 1

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. See the Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, and e for information on the development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈeː/, [ˈe̞ː] (name of letter)

• Audio: ee, Eurooppa, eskimo, teippi, ee:

  (file)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Finnish alphabet, called ee and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kirjain; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s (Š š), T t, U u, V v (W w), X x, Y y, Z z (Ž ž), Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö

Etymology 2

German musical notation.

Noun

e

1. (music) E (note)

Usage notes

Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.

Declension

Inflection of e (Kotus type 18/maa) singular plural nominative e e:t genitive e:n e:iden e:itten partitive e:tä e:itä accusative e e:n e:t inessive e:ssä e:issä elative e:stä e:istä illative e:hen e:ihin adessive e:llä e:illä ablative e:ltä e:iltä allative e:lle e:ille essive e:nä e:inä translative e:ksi e:iksi abessive e:ttä e:ittä instructive – e:in comitative – e:ineen

Derived terms

compounds

• E-duuri
• e-molli

 

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ə/, (also) /ø/, /œ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

e m (plural e)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

Derived terms

• e caduc
• e dans l’a
• e dans l’o
• e muet

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

Fula

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

See also

• (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

e

1. and
2. with

Usage notes

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).
• In writing, some add an "h" before and even also after the "e": he,heh. Not sure these would count as variants.

Galician

Etymology 1

From Latin et.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈe/ [ˈe]
• Rhymes: -e

Conjunction

e

1. and

   Túa irmá e eu fomos cear e despois ao cine.

   Your sister and I went to have dinner and then to the cinema.

Etymology 2

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ/ [ˈɛ]
• Rhymes: -ɛ

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Galician alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

e m (plural es)

1. e (name of the letter E, e)

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á), B b, C c, D d, E e (É é), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í, Ï ï), L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, O o (Ó ó), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ü ü), V v, X x, Z z

Further reading

• “e”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “e”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “e”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “e”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG

Gothic

Romanization

e

1. Romanization of 𐌴

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese e. Cognate with Kabuverdianu e.

Conjunction

e

1. and

Gun

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /é/

Pronoun

é

1. she, he, it (third-person singular personal pronoun)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Pronoun

e

1. her, him, it (third-person singular personal object pronoun)

See also

Gungbe personal pronouns
Number	Person	Emphatic Pronoun	Subject Pronoun	Object Pronoun	Possessive Determiner
Singular	First	nyɛ́, yẹ́n	ùn, n	mi	cé, ṣié
	Second	jɛ̀, jẹ̀, yẹ̀, hiẹ̀	à	wè	tòwè
	Third	éɔ̀, úɔ̀, éwọ̀	é	è	étɔ̀n, étọ̀n
Plural	First	mílɛ́, mílẹ́	mí		mítɔ̀n, mítọ̀n
	Second	mìlɛ́, mìlẹ́	mì		mìtɔ̀n, mìtọ̀n
	Third	yélɛ́, yélẹ́	yé		yétɔ̀n, yétọ̀n

Hawaiian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Particle

e

1. used to mark the following verb as an infinitive; to
2. used before a name, a noun or a phrase to address someone or something

Preposition

e

1. by (indicating the agent of a verb in the passive voice)

Hungarian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Uralic *e-. Cognates include Finnish että and Estonian et.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛ

Determiner

e (demonstrative)

1. (chiefly archaic, except before consonant-initial words, as a counterpart of ez) this

   Synonyms: eme, (only determiners; both are archaic or formal) ezen

   az e heti hírek ― this week’s news

   e világi ― of this world, worldly, mundane

   E házban lakott Petőfi Sándor. ― Sándor Petőfi lived in this house.

   E mellett a ház mellett vártam rá. ― I waited for him/her next to this house.

Pronoun

e

1. (archaic, except before most consonant-initial postpositions) this

   Itt a mozi, e mellett lakunk mi. ― Here is the cinema; we live next to this.

   • 1836, Mihály Vörösmarty, Szózat^[1] (Appeal)^[2]

     A nagy világon e kivűl / Nincsen számodra hely;

     In the great world outside of here / There is no place for you

     (“E kívül” would be ezen kívül in present-day Hungarian, formed from ez.)

Usage notes

A rarer substitute of ez, but unlike ez, it does not take the case of the noun it is attached to, and no definite article is used:

ezen a helyen ― e helyen ― at this place (literally, “on this place”)

ebben a házban ― e házban ― in this house

Most consonant-initial postpositions can take e, e.g. e nélkül, e helyett, see Pronominal adverbs from postpositions, in the column “that one, this one”. On the other hand, vowel-initial postpositions take ez (e.g. ez alatt, ez iránt).

Interjection

e

1. (folksy) look!, hey! (expressing surprise or wanting to get attention)

   E! Hát Józsi meg hová tűnt? ― Hey! Where is Joe?

   Itt van, e! (informal) ― Here it is.

Etymology 2

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• (letter or phoneme itself; identifier): IPA^(key): [ˈɛː]
• (musical note): IPA^(key): [ˈeː] (in the names of minor scales; see also E)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

2. The ninth letter of the Hungarian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	e	e-k
accusative	e-t	e-ket
dative	e-nek	e-knek
instrumental	e-vel	e-kkel
causal-final	e-ért	e-kért
translative	e-vé	e-kké
terminative	e-ig	e-kig
essive-formal	e-ként	e-kként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	e-ben	e-kben
superessive	e-n	e-ken
adessive	e-nél	e-knél
illative	e-be	e-kbe
sublative	e-re	e-kre
allative	e-hez	e-khez
elative	e-ből	e-kből
delative	e-ről	e-kről
ablative	e-től	e-ktől
non-attributive possessive - singular	e-é	e-ké
non-attributive possessive - plural	e-éi	e-kéi

Possessive forms of e
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	e-m	e-im
2nd person sing.	e-d	e-id
3rd person sing.	e-je	e-i
1st person plural	e-nk	e-ink
2nd person plural	e-tek	e-itek
3rd person plural	e-jük	e-ik

Derived terms

• e-moll

See also

• (Latin-script letters) betű; A a, Á á, B b, C c, Cs cs, D d, Dz dz, Dzs dzs, E e, É é, F f, G g, Gy gy, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, Ly ly, M m, N n, Ny ny, O o, Ó ó, Ö ö, Ő ő, P p, Q q, R r, S s, Sz sz, T t, Ty ty, U u, Ú ú, Ü ü, Ű ű, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Zs zs
• -e (suffix)

Further reading

• (sound, letter, abbreviation): e , (musical note, its symbol or key/position): e , (pronoun, alternative form of ez): e , (folksy interjection pointing at something nearby): e , (interjection, rare alternative form of eh): e in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• e in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Iau

Noun

e

1. water

Further reading

• Bill Palmer, The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area (→ISBN, 2017), page 531, table 95, Comparative basic vocabulary in Lakes Plain Languages

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛː/

Letter

e (upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Icelandic alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bókstafur; A a, Á á, B b, D d, Ð ð, E e, É é, F f, G g, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ú ú, V v, X x, Y y, Ý ý, Þ þ, Æ æ, Ö ö

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Ido alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litero; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L, l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

Conjunction

e

1. Apocopic form of ed

Related terms

• a (“to”)
• o (“or”)

Igbo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (upper case E, lower case e)

1. The fifth letter of the Igbo alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Alternative forms

• a (retracted tongue position)

Pronoun

e

1. (indefinite) somebody, one, they, people (an unspecified individual).

Usage notes

• Often gets translated into English with the passive voice.

See also

Igbo personal pronouns

		dependent	independent	object/possesive
Singular	first	m, a/e- ... -m	m, mụ
	second	ị, i	ngị, gị	gị
	third	ọ, o	ya
Plural	first	anyị
	second	ụnụ
	third	ha, a/e- ... -ha	ha
Indefinite		a/e	-	-

Indo-Portuguese

Etymology

From Portuguese e (“and”).

Conjunction

e

1. and (expresses two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other)
   • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:

     Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá

     Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) for us to eat and for us to feast on

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /e/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /e/, /ɛ/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /ə/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Indonesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Interlingua

Alternative forms

• (rare) et

Conjunction

e

1. and

Irish

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Irish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (Á á), B b (Bh bh, bhF bhf, bP bp), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh, dT dt), E e (É é), F f (Fh fh), G g (gC gc, Gh gh), H h, I i (Í í), L l, M m (mB mb, Mh mh), N n (nD nd, nG ng), O o (Ó ó), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th, tS ts), U u (Ú ú), V v
• (diacritics) ◌́ ◌̇
• (dotted letters used chiefly in Gaelic type) Ḃ ḃ, Ċ ċ, Ḋ ḋ, Ḟ ḟ, Ġ ġ, Ṁ ṁ, Ṗ ṗ, Ṡ ẛ ṡ, Ṫ ṫ

Istriot

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 128:

     Caro, cun quil visito bianco e russo.

     Dear, with that little white and red face.

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin ē (the name of the letter E).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈe/^*
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: é

Letter

e f or m (invariable, lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Italian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Noun

e f (invariable)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.; e

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) lettera; a, bi, ci, di, e, effe, gi, acca, i, i lunga, kappa, elle, emme, enne, o, pi, cu, erre, esse, ti, u, vu, doppia vu, ics, ipsilon, zeta

Etymology 2

From Latin et.

Alternative forms

• ed (before a word starting with a vowel, especially /e ɛ/.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/^*
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: e

Conjunction

e

2. and
3. (archaic, literary) (e... e) both... and or just ... and (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

   Synonyms: sia... che, sia... sia

   • 1300s–1310s, Dante Alighieri, “Canto I”, in Inferno [Hell]‎^[3], lines 4–6; republished as Giorgio Petrocchi, editor, La Commedia secondo l'antica vulgata [The Commedia according to the ancient vulgate]‎^[4], 2^nd revised edition, Florence: publ. Le Lettere, 1994:

     Ahi quanto a dir qual era è cosa dura ¶ esta selva selvaggia e aspra e forte ¶ che nel pensier rinova la paura!

     Ah me! how hard a thing it is to say ¶ ⁠What was this forest savage, rough, and stern, ⁠¶ ⁠Which in the very thought renews the fear.

Usage notes

• Causes syntactic doubling of a following initial consonant.

Further reading

e in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Italiot Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek αἱ (hai).

Article

e

1. feminine nominative plural of o

Japanese

Romanization

e

1. The hiragana syllable え (e) or the katakana syllable エ (e) in Hepburn romanization.
2. The hiragana syllable へ (e) or the katakana syllable ヘ (e) in Hepburn romanization. (as particle)

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese e.

Conjunction

e

1. and

Kaingang

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Verb

e

1. there are many, there is much
2. to be a lot (for someone); to displease; to surprise

   Ag mỹ tóg e tĩ.

   They were surprised.

   (literally, “it was a lot for them.”)

Kankanaey

Etymology

Borrowed from Tagalog e. Letter pronunciation is influenced by English e.

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /ˈʔi/ [ˈʔi̞]
  • Rhymes: -i
• (phoneme)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔə/ [ˈʔɨ]
    • Rhymes: -ə
  • IPA^(key): (uncommon) /ʔe/ [ʔe]
    • Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: e

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Kankanaey alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z

References

• Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016) Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎^[5] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog), →ISBN, pages 10-11

Kapampangan

Etymology

From ali or Proto-Philippine *diq (“particle of negation”).

Prefix

e

1. un-, non-, in-

   Iyang emakapunta

   S/he's Unable to go

   Taung eyakakit

   Invisible man

   Lugud a ekalinguwan

   Unforgettable love

   Ekakabieng bage

   Nonliving things

   Emakasulung

   Unable to proceed

Kashubian

Etymology

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Kashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, and e for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Kashubian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, àã, B b, C c, D d, E e, É é, Ë ë, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, O o, Ò ò, Ó ó, Ô ô, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, Ù ù, W w, Y y, Z z, Ż ż

Kosraean

Etymology

From Proto-Oceanic *api, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *hapuy, from Proto-Austronesian *Sapuy. Compare Malay api, Malagasy afo, Tsat pui³³, Palauan ngau, Chuukese ááf, Tongan afi, Samoan afi and Hawaiian ahi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Noun

e

1. fire

Latin

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Letter

e

1. A letter of the Latin alphabet.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /eː/, [eː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /e/, [ɛː]

Noun

ē f (indeclinable)

1. The name of the letter E.

Coordinate terms

• (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta

References

• e in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• e in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• e in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• e in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."

Etymology 3

Abbreviated from ex.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /e/, [ɛ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /e/, [ɛː]

Preposition

ē (short form of ex)

2. out of, from
   • c. 99 BCE – 55 BCE, Lucretius, De rerum natura 6:

     ..et ignis semina convolvunt e nubibus.

     ..and the seeds of fire roll from the clouds.

Derived terms

• ē plūribus ūnum

Related terms

• ē-
• ex

Latvian

Etymology

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed by K. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in German Fraktur, and sporadically in Cyrillic.

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): [ɛ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [æ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

E

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Latvian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

The letter E/e (like its long counterpart Ē/ē) represent two sounds, [ɛ] — šaurais e (“narrow e”) — and [æ] — platais e (“broad e”). In principle, [ɛ] is used when there is a palatal element (the vowels i, ī, e, ē, the diphthongs ie, ei, and the palatal consonants j, ķ, ģ, ļ, ņ, š, ž, č, dž, and, in the old spelling, ŗ) either in the same or in the following syllable; otherwise, [æ] is used. Unfortunately, some historical changes have obscured this pattern by removing some previously existing palatal elements; as a result of that, for a number of words the actual pronunciation of the letter e — [ɛ] or [æ] — must be memorized.

See also

• (Latvian letters) latviešu burti; Aa, Āā, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ēē, Ff, Gg, Ģģ, Hh, Ii, Īī, Jj, Kk, Ķķ, Ll, Ļļ, Mm, Nn, Ņņ, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Ūū, Vv, Zz, Žž

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): [ɛ]

Noun

e m (invariable)

1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latvian letter names) latviešu burtu vārdi; a, garais ā, bē, cē, čē, dē, e, garais ē, ef, gā, ģē, hā, i, garais ī, jē, kā, ķē, el, eļ, em, en, eņ, o, pē, er, es, eš, tē, u, garais ū, vē, zē, žē

Ligurian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Etymology 1

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti (“beyond, over”).

Conjunction

e

1. and

Ligurian Definite Articles
	singular	plural
masculine	o	i
feminine	a	e

Etymology 2

From Latin illae.

Article

e f pl (singular a)

1. the

Livonian

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (upper case E)

1. The eighth letter of the Livonian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) kēratēd̦; A a, Ā ā, Ä ä, Ǟ ǟ, B b, D d, D̦ d̦, E e, Ē ē, F f, G g, H h, I i, Ī ī, J j, K k, L l, Ļ ļ, M m, N n, Ņ ņ, O o, Ō ō, Ȯ ȯ, Ȱ ȱ, Õ õ, Ȭ ȭ, P p, R r, Ŗ ŗ, S s, Š š, T t, Ț ț, U u, Ū ū, V v, Z z, Ž ž

Lule Sami

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

e

1. third-person plural present of ij

Malay

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Maltese

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/ (short phoneme)
• IPA^(key): /a/ (some speakers; when following għ in an unstressed final syllable)
• IPA^(key): /ɛː/ (long phoneme)
• In inherited words, long e occurs only next to vowelised għ or h. In Romance words, it can be long on its own.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Maltese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) ittra; A a, B b, Ċ ċ, D d, E e, F f, Ġ ġ, G g, Għ għ, H h, Ħ ħ, I i, Ie ie, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Ż ż, Z z

Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic. Compare Italian eh and English eh.

Interjection

e

1. In isolation, a request for repetition or clarification of what has just been said: eh, what

   Synonyms: xiex, x’inhu

2. Used as a tag question, to emphasise what goes before or to request that the listener express an opinion about what has been said: eh
3. Used to express dissent

Alternative forms

• eh

Mandarin

Romanization

e (e⁵／e⁰, Zhuyin ˙ㄜ)

1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 呃

e

1. Nonstandard spelling of ē.
2. Nonstandard spelling of é.
3. Nonstandard spelling of ě.
4. Nonstandard spelling of è.
5. Nonstandard spelling of ê̄.
6. Nonstandard spelling of ế.
7. Nonstandard spelling of ê̌.
8. Nonstandard spelling of ề.

Usage notes

• 《汉语拼音方案》 (Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet) defines a standard pronunciation for each letter in Hanyu Pinyin with Zhuyin. ㄝ (/⁠ɛ⁠/) typically only occurs in syllables with an initial glide (e.g. ㄧㄝ (-ie /⁠i̯ɛ⁠/)), where it is romanized as e. When it occurs in syllables without an initial glide, however, it is romanized as ê in order to distinguish it from ㄜ (-e /⁠ɤ⁠/). Such instances are rare, and are only found in interjections or neologisms.
• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Mauritian Creole

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ø], [e]

Letter

e

1. the fifth letter of the modern Latin alphabet

Etymology 2

From French et.

Alternative forms

• ek

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [e]

Conjunction

e

1. and

Mbyá Guaraní

Adjective

e

1. tasty, delicious

Middle English

Etymology 1

Pronoun

e

1. Alternative form of I (“I”)

Etymology 2

Pronoun

e

1. Alternative form of he (“he”)

Etymology 3

Pronoun

e

1. Alternative form of he (“they”)

Middle Low German

Alternative forms

• ee, eje, ewe

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *aiwaz, whence also Old Norse ei.

Adverb

ê

1. always

Descendants

• German Low German: Ehe

Mokilese

Noun

e (construct ehn)

1. leg

Inflection

Possessive forms of e (inalienable possession, -n/long vowel stem)

singular possessor	first person		ehioa
	second person		ehmwen
	third person		ehn
dual possessors	first person inclusive		ehsa
	first person exclusive		ehma
	second person		ehmwa
	third person		ehra
plural possessors	first person inclusive		ehsai
	first person exclusive		ehmai
	second person		ehmwai
	third person		ehrai
remote plural possessors	first person inclusive		ehs
	first person exclusive		ehmi
	second person		ehmwi
	third person		ehr
construct form			ehn

Derived terms

• kikin e (“toenail”)
• koapin e (“heel”)

Navajo

Letter

e

1. The eighth letter of the Navajo alphabet:

   e = /ɛ˨/

   ę = /ɛ̃˨/

   é = /ɛ˥/

   ę́ = /ɛ̃˥/

   ee = /ɛː˨˨/

   ęę = /ɛ̃ː˨˨/

   ée = /ɛː˥˨/

   ę́ę = /ɛ̃ː˥˨/

   eé = /ɛː˨˥/

   ęę́ = /ɛ̃ː˨˥/

   éé = /ɛː˥˥/

   ę́ę́ = /ɛ̃ː˥˥/

Neapolitan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Etymology 1

From Latin de.

Alternative forms

'e

Preposition

e

1. of (used to express ownership)

Etymology 2

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

North Frisian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ə], [ɐ] (reduced vowel)
• IPA^(key): [ɛ] (short full vowel)
• IPA^(key): [eː] (long vowel, spelt ee)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. A letter of the North Frisian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

• In monosyllables, final ⟨e⟩ is pronounced [e], except on Sylt, where it is [ɛ].
• The reduced vowel is lowered to [ɐ] when followed by coda ⟨r⟩. In the insular dialects, the same usually happens also before any other coda consonant (except ⟨l, n⟩, which become syllabic instead).
• Mooring Frisian represents [ɛ] exclusively by ⟨ä⟩, whereas the insular dialects represent [ə] by ⟨i⟩ in certain positions (see there).
• Föhr-Amrum Frisian uses ⟨ei, eu⟩ for the diphthongs [aɪ̯], [ɔɪ̯] as in German. The other dialects spell phonetically ⟨ai, oi⟩.

See also

• (North Frisian letters): a, ä, å, ā, b, c, d, e, ē, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ö, p, r, s, t, u, ü, v, w (q, x, y, z)

Norwegian

Etymology

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /eː/
• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /eː/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ə/, /æ/

Letter

e

1. The fifth letter of the Norwegian alphabet

Usage notes

• /ə/ only appears in unstressed syllables.

Inflection

Inflection of e

	indefinite singular	definite singular	indefinite plural	definite plural
Bokmål m	e	e-en	e-er	e-ene
Nynorsk m	e	e-en	e-ar	e-ane

Norwegian Bokmål

Article

e

1. (non-standard since 1938) Alternative form of ei

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eː/, /e/, /ɛ/, /ə/, /æ/

Verb

e

1. (dialectal, colloquial) Apocopic form of er, present of vera

Etymology 2

Pronoun

e

1. (dialectal, parts of Trøndelag and Western Norway) pronunciation spelling of eg (“I”).

Nupe

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Nupe alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) banki; A a (Á á, À à), B b, C c, D d, Dz dz, E e (É é, È è), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì), J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò), P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, Ts ts, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù), V v, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

Etymology 2

Clipping of rè.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /è/

Particle

è

1. Marks the imperfective aspect, for actions that are not completed.

Nzadi

Particle

é

1. Used to link a possessed noun to its possessor.

Usage notes

This particle accompanies several tonal changes, as well as a simplification or elision of the coda of the possessed noun in some cases. Many nouns can be linked directly in possessive constructions without using this particle, chiefly those that denotes humans or animals when used in the singular, although it is impossible to predict exactly which nouns will follow which pattern based on semantics, ancestral noun class, or morphology.

Further reading

• Crane, Thera, Larry Hyman, Simon Nsielanga Tukumu (2011) A grammar of Nzadi [B.865]: a Bantu language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, →ISBN

Occitan

Etymology 1

From Old Occitan e, from Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

Etymology 2

Noun

e f (plural es)

1. e (the letter e, E)

Old French

Conjunction

e

1. Alternative form of et

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Alternative forms

• ⁊

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Conjunction

e

1. and (expresses two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other)

Descendants

• Fala: i
• Galician: e
• Portuguese: e
  • Guinea-Bissau Creole: i, e
  • Indo-Portuguese: e
  • Kabuverdianu: y, i, e
  • Papiamentu: i, y

Etymology 2

Alternative form of é

Verb

e

1. Alternative form of é
   • 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Códice de los músicos, cantiga 7 (facsimile):

     Eſta e como ſanta Maria liurou a Abadeſſa prenne q̇ adormecera anto ſeu Altar chorando.

     This one is about how Holy Mary acquitted the pregnant abbess who had fallen asleep crying in front of her altar.

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. and

Descendants

• Occitan: e

Old Spanish

Alternative forms

• é (alternative spelling)
• ed, et (alternative forms)
• i

Etymology

From Latin et, from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Conjunction

e

1. and
   • c. 1200: Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 64v.

     e el reẏ con ſana q́ auie mando que mataſen todos los ſabios de babilonna e demandaron a danel e aſos conpaneros por matar

     And the king, full of anger, ordered all the wise men of Babylon be put to death, and they sought Daniel and his companions to put them to death.

Descendants

• Spanish: y, e

Ometepec Nahuatl

Noun

e

1. bean.

Papiamentu

Etymology 1

From Portuguese ele and Spanish él and Kabuverdianu el.

Pronoun

e

1. he, she, third person singular.

Etymology 2

From Portuguese este and Spanish este and Kabuverdianu es.

Article

e

1. the (definite article)

Pohnpeian

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

e

1. he, she, it, third person pronoun

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

• ah
• eh

Determiner

e

1. his, her, hers, its, third person possessive pronoun

   Liho iang eh pwoud.

   The woman joined her husband.

Etymology 3

Of Onomatopoeic origin.

Interjection

e

1. what, in response to being called

Polish

Etymology

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the history of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, and e for development of the glyph itself.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛ/

• Audio:

  (file)

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Polish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, Ą ą, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, Ę ę, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ó ó, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

Interjection

e

1. (colloquial) hey! (used to call someone's attention)

Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese e (“and”), from Latin et (“and”), from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /i/

• (Brazil, sometimes when emphasised) IPA^(key): /e/
• (Caipira dialect, before a vowel) IPA^(key): /j/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophone: i

Conjunction

e

2. and (connects two clauses indicating that the events occurred together, one after the other or without any special implication)

   Synonym: &

   Eu vim e eles saíram.

   I came and they left.

   • 2007, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte [Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows] (Harry Potter; 7), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 211:

     Mandaram lacrar todas as saídas e não deixar ninguém...

     They ordered me to seal all the exits and not to let anyone...

4. and (connects the last and penultimate elements in a list)

   Eu e ele vamos embora.

   He and I are going away.

   Tenho quatro frutas: uma maçã, uma pera, uma laranja e uma uva.

   I have four fruits: an apple, a pear, an orange and a grape.

6. (emphatic) and (connects every element of a list)

   Ela é baixa, e burra, e preguiçosa, e feia.

   She is short, and stupid, and lazy, and ugly.

   • 2003, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix [Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix] (Harry Potter; 5), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 308:

     Você notou os cabelos dela, são negros e brilhantes e macios...

     You noticed her hair, it's dark and brilliant and soft...

8. (logic) and (indicates a conjunction operation)

   Verdadeiro e falso dá falso.

   True and false yields false.

10. (in the format “X e X”) and (indicates a great number of something)

    Esperei por anos e anos.

    I waited for years and years.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:e.

Descendants

• Guinea-Bissau Creole: i, e
• Indo-Portuguese: e
• Kabuverdianu: y, i, e
• Papiamentu: i, y

Noun

e m (uncountable)

1. (logic) and, conjunction

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:e.

Etymology 2

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: e

Letter:

• (Portugal, Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ/, /ˈe/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophone: é

Noun:

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈe/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) letra; A a (Á á, À à, Â â, Ã ã), B b, C c (Ç ç), D d, E e (É é, Ê ê), F f, G g, H h, I i (Í í), J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ô ô, Õ õ), P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u (Ú ú), V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
• The fifth letter of the Portuguese alphabet, called ê or é and written in the Latin script.

1. • 2005, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 141:

     Quero conversar com os senhores e exijo sua total e absoluta atenção.

     I want to talk with you and I demand your total and absolute attention.

Etymology 3

Abbreviation of este

Noun

e m (uncountable)

1. Abbreviation of este (east)

Etymology 4

Verb

e

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Alternative form of é (“is”)

Rapa Nui

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈe/
• Hyphenation: e

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Maori e.

Particle

e

1. Used to mark the subject of a non-stative verb.
2. Used to form a vocative of the following (proper) noun.

Usage notes

• The particle is only obligatory when used with verbs describing first-hand sensing:

  He tike'a koe e au. ― I see you.

• With other verbs, e has an emphatic undertone.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Maori e.

Particle

e

1. Used to indicate the imperfective aspect.
2. Used to indicate the exhortative mood.
3. Used before numerals to form cardinal numbers.

References

• Veronica Du Feu (1996) Rapanui (Descriptive Grammars), Routledge, →ISBN, page 67
• Paulus Kieviet (2017) A grammar of Rapa Nui‎^[6], Berlin: Language Science Press, →ISBN, pages 323, 381

Rawang

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/

Verb

e

1. to exist.

Suffix

e

1. verbal suffix for marking non-past declarative clause.

Romagnol

Etymology

From an earlier ei, from el.

Article

e m

1. Alternative form of e’ (“the”)

Romani

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. (International Standard) The seventh letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax) The eighth letter of the Romani alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, X x, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Ph ph, R r, S s, T t, Th th, U u, V v, Z z International Standard: (À à, Ä ä, Ǎ ǎ), Ć ć, Ćh ćh, (È è, Ë ë, Ě ě), (Ì ì, Ï ï, Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò, Ö ö, Ǒ ǒ), Rr rr, Ś ś, (Ù ù, Ü ü, Ǔ ǔ), Ź ź, Ʒ ʒ, Q q, Ç ç, ϴ θ. Pan-Vlax: Č č, Čh čh, Dž dž, (Dź dź), Ř ř, Š š, (Ś ś), Ž ž, (Ź ź).

Romanian

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• (letter name) IPA^(key): /e/
• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Romanian alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

Usage notes

See E for pronunciation notes.

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Ăă, Ââ, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Îî, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Șș, Tt, Țț, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

Noun

e n (plural e-uri)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

Declension

Declension of e

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) e	e-ul	(niște) e-uri	e-urile
genitive/dative	(unui) e	e-ului	(unor) e-uri	e-urilor
vocative	e-ule		e-urilor

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Interjection

e

1. expression of annoyance, irritation
2. expression of boredom, indifference
3. (when prolonged…eee) expression of surprise, satisfaction, admiration

Etymology 3

From Latin est.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /je/
• Rhymes: -e

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

e

1. (informal) third-person singular present indicative of fi

   Synonyms: este, (regional) îi, (familiar) -i

   El e un copil.

   He is a child.

Etymology 4

From Latin et.

Conjunction

e

1. (obsolete) and

   Synonym: și

2. (obsolete) but

   Synonyms: dar, iar

Samoan

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition

e

1. by (a person or animate object)

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Conjunction

e

1. and

Sassarese

Etymology

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti or *h₁eti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Conjunction

e

1. and

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Scottish Gaelic alphabet, written in the Latin script. It is preceded by d and followed by f. Its traditional name is eadha (“aspen”).

See also

• (Latin-script letters) litir; A a (À à), B b (Bh bh), C c (Ch ch), D d (Dh dh), E e (È è), F f (Fh fh), G g (Gh gh), H h, I i (Ì ì), L l, M m (Mh mh), N n, O o (Ò ò), P p (Ph ph), R r, S s (Sh sh), T t (Th th), U u (Ù ù)
• (diacritics) ◌̀
• (obsolete vowels) Á á É é Ó ó

Etymology 2

From Old Irish é. Cognates include Irish é and Manx eh.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/, /ɛː/
• (some dialects) IPA^(key): /a/, /aː/

Pronoun

e (emphatic esan)

1. third-person masculine pronoun; he, him, it

See also

Scottish Gaelic personal pronouns

	simple		emphatic
	singular	plural	singular	plural
First person	mi	sinn	mise	sinne
Second person	thu, tu1)	sibh	thusa, tusa1)	sibhse
Third person m	e	iad	esan	iadsan
Third person f	i		ise
*) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. **) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used. 1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “e”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[7], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 é, hé”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Alternative forms

• (uppercase): E

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (Cyrillic spelling е)

1. The 9th letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by đ and followed by f.

Usage notes

Its name is е /e/ and it has the sound of e in net.

Etymology 2

Variant of ej or hej

Interjection

e (Cyrillic spelling е)

1. (rare) well, now
2. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) hey
3. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to emphasize the sentence

   E, šta ima? ― Hey, what's up?

4. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to express surprise

   E, otkud ti? ― Hey, where did you come from?

5. (informal, at the beginning of the sentence) Used to get attention or change the topic of conversation, especially if followed by a (“and; but”)

   E, a vidi ovo. ― And look at this.

Sicilian

Etymology

From Latin et, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Conjunction

e

1. and

Silesian

Etymology

The Silesian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See the Silesian language article on Wikipedia for more, and e for development of the glyph itself.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Silesian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, àã, B b, C c, Ć ć, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ł ł, M m, N n, Ń ń, O o, Ŏ ŏ, Ō ō, Ô ô, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Ś ś, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Z z, Ź ź, Ż ż

Skolt Sami

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/, /ɛ/

Letter

e (upper case E)

1. The tenth letter of the Skolt Sami alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bukva; A a,  â, B b, C c, Č č, Ʒ ʒ, Ǯ ǯ, D d, Đ đ, E e, F f, G g, Ǧ ǧ, Ǥ ǥ, H h, I i, J j, K k, Ǩ ǩ, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, O o, Õ õ, P p, R r, S s, Š š, T t, U u, V v, Z z, Ž ž, Å å, Ä ä, ʹ

Slovene

Alternative forms

• є (Metelko alphabet)
• ȩ (Ramovš transcription)

Etymology 1

From Gaj's Latin alphabet e, from Czech alphabet e, from Latin e, which is a modification of capital letter E in uncial script, from Ancient Greek Ε (E, Epsilon).

Pronunciation

• (phoneme, Standard Slovene): IPA^(key): /éː/, /èː/, /ɛ́/, /ɛ́ː/, /ɛ̀ː/, /ə́/, /ə̀/, /e/, /ɛ/, [ɪ́], [ɪ̀], [é̞], [è̞]
• (phoneme, Resian): IPA^(key): /ɛ/
• (phoneme, Natisone Valley dialect): IPA^(key): /ɛː/, /ɛ/, /ɛ̆/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /èː/, /éː/
• (letter name, archaic): IPA^(key): /ɛ̀ː/, /ɛ́ː/

• Audio (letter name, non-tonal):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eː, -ɛː
• Homophones: e, E

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Slovene alphabet, written in the Latin script.
2. The eighth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Resian), written in the Latin script.
3. The sixth letter of the Slovene alphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in the Latin script.

Derived terms

• ȇ
• ê
• ȅ
• ẹ
• è
• ē
• é
• ė
• ë
• ȩ
• ḙ

 

Symbol

e

1. (Logar transcription, transcription for standard Slovene) Phonetic transcription of sound [ɛ].

   Synonyms: ȩ, ɛ

Noun

e m inan or n

1. The name of the Latin script letter E / e.

Usage notes

Nowadays, it is hardly ever neuter gender, so it is considered obsolete.

Inflection

• Overall more common

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine inan., soft o-stem
nom. sing.	e
gen. sing.	e-ja
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	e	e-ja	e-ji
genitive (rodȋlnik)	e-ja	e-jev	e-jev
dative (dajȃlnik)	e-ju	e-jema	e-jem
accusative (tožȋlnik)	e	e-ja	e-je
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	e-ju	e-jih	e-jih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	e-jem	e-jema	e-ji

• More common when with a definite adjective

Masculine inan., no endings
nom. sing.	e
gen. sing.	e
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	e	e	e
accusative	e	e	e
genitive	e	e	e
dative	e	e	e
locative	e	e	e
instrumental	e	e	e

• Obsolete

Neuter, no endings
nom. sing.	e
gen. sing.	e
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	e	e	e
accusative	e	e	e
genitive	e	e	e
dative	e	e	e
locative	e	e	e
instrumental	e	e	e

Etymology 2

Variant of ej or hej

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /èː/, /éː/
• (third definition also): IPA^(key): [ẽ́ː], [ẽ̀ː]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eː, -ẽː
• Homophones: e, E

Interjection

e

1. (informal, rare, at the beginning of sentences) Used to express happiness when saying something

   E, do smrti bom živel!

   Hey, I will live till I die!

2. (informal, at the beginning of sentences) Used to express uneasyness

   E, da, seveda.

   Um, sure, of course

3. (informal, rare, at the end of sentences) Used to form questions

   Synonym: a

   Kdo je to naredil, e?

   Who did that, huh?

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ́/
• Rhymes: -ɛ
• Homophones: e, E

Interjection

e

1. (informal, at the beginning of sentences) Used to express indifference to what was said before

   Synonyms: eh, ah

   E, ga bo že minilo!

   Whatever, he will get over it?

2. (informal, at the beginning of sentences) Used to express unhappiness

   E, pa kaj še!

   Yeah, sure!

See also

• (Latin script letters) Aa, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Tt, Uu, Vv, Zz, Žž
• ë
• ē
• è
• é
• ê
• ȩ
• ɛ
• ḙ
• ė
• ẹ
• ə

References

• Krvina, Domen, Žele, Andreja (2017) O MEDMETIH, ZLASTI O NJIHOVIH RAZLOČEVALNIH LASTNOSTIH: POUDARJEN SLOVARSKI VIDIK‎^[8] (in Slovene)
• Kenda-Jež, Karmen (2017 February 27) Fonetična trankripcija [Phonetic transcription]‎^[9] (in Slovene), Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, archived from the original on January 22, 2022, pages 27–30

Further reading

• “e”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/ [e]

• Audio (Spain):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: e
• Homophones: he, hé

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Spanish alphabet, written in the Latin script.

Noun

e f (plural es)

1. Name of the letter E

Etymology 2

Latin et

Alternative forms

• y
• é (obsolete)

Conjunction

e

1. and

   Yo hablo francés e inglés.

   I speak French and English.

Usage notes

• Used instead of y when the following word starts with the vowel sound /i/.

See also

• u

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Reduced form of de (“to be”)

Particle

e

1. Verbal marker for continuous aspect.

Sumerian

Romanization

e

1. Romanization of 𒂊

Swedish

Etymology 1

See Translingual section.

Pronunciation

• letter name: IPA^(key): /eː/
• phoneme: IPA^(key): /eː/, /ɛ/, /ɛː/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Swedish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) bokstav; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z, Å å, Ä ä, Ö ö
• é

Etymology 2

Verb

e

1. (colloquial, Internet slang, text messaging) Pronunciation spelling of är.
   • 2014 January 17, Veronica Maggio (lyrics and music), “Hela huset”‎^[10] ft. Håkan Hellström:

     Går runt i t-shirt och e trött

     Walking tired around in a t-shirt

Derived terms

• due

Etymology 3

From Old Norse æ, ei, ey, from Proto-Germanic *aiwi (“forever”), *aiwaz.

Adverb

e (not comparable)

1. (archaic) forever, ever

   Synonym: alltid

Related terms

• e-
• ä

Tagalog

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish e. Each pronunciation has a different source:

• Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced by English e.
• Abakada alphabet pronunciation is influenced by the Baybayin character ᜁ (i).
• Abecedario pronunciation is from Spanish e.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔi/ [ˈʔi] (letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • Rhymes: -i
  • IPA^(key): /ˈʔe/ [ˈʔɛ] (letter name, Abakada alphabet, Abecedario)
    • Rhymes: -e
  • IPA^(key): /ˈe/ [ˈɛ] (phoneme, stressed or unstressed)
    • Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: e

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E, Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

1. The fifth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Filipino alphabet), called i and written in the Latin script.
2. The fifth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abakada alphabet), called e and written in the Latin script.
3. (historical) The sixth letter of the Tagalog alphabet (the Abecedario), called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) titik; A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ñ ñ, Ng ng, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z
• ë

Noun

e (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

1. the name of the Latin-script letter E/e, in the Abakada alphabet

   Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) i

2. (historical) the name of the Latin-script letter E/e, in the Abecedario

   Synonym: (in the Filipino alphabet) i

See also

• ii

Etymology 2

Compare Spanish eh and English eh.

Alternative forms

• eh
• weh — dialectal, Bulacan

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔe/ [ʔɛː]
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: e

Interjection

e (Baybayin spelling ᜁ) (informal)

1. Used to acknowledge a statement or situation: well; so

   E, ganoon e!

   Well, it's like that!

   E, ano ngayon?

   So, what now?

   Nandoon siya, e.

   Well, he/she was/is there.

2. Used to rhetorically express surprise or suspicion: so; oh; well

   E, sino naman 'yun?

   Oh so then, who was that?

   E, ikaw lang din naman 'yun.

   Well anyways, that was also only just you.

3. Used to express indignance: well; but

   E, hindi mo naman kinailangan gawin iyon.

   But, you didn't need to do that.

4. Used to introduce the continuation of narration from a previous understood point: and; well; so

   E, magkano naman ito?

   And, how much is this one?

See also

• ala eh
• di
• o

 

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ʔe/ [ʔɛ]
• Rhymes: -e
• Syllabification: e

Particle

e (Baybayin spelling ᜁ)

1. Alternative form of ay

Further reading

• “e”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018

Tahitian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle

e

1. indicates that an action is unfinished when inserted before the verb

See also

• ʻe, ʻē

Teop

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

e

1. him, her, it (third-person pronoun, objective case, singular)

Further reading

• https://corpus1.mpi.nl/media-archive/dobes_data/Teop/Info/Teop_Sketch_Grammar_May07.pdf
• https://web.archive.org/web/20170516185153/http://www.ioling.org/booklets/iol-2012-indiv-sol.en.pdf

Tlingit

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/

Letter

e (upper case E)

1. A letter of the Tlingit alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• Canada: (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, À à,  â, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dł dł, Dz dz, E e, É é, È è, Ê ê, G g, Gw gw, Gh gh, Ghw ghw, H h, I i, Í í, Ì ì, Πî, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Kh kh, Khw khw, Khʼ khʼ, Khʼw khʼw (L l), Ł ł, Łʼ łʼ (M m), N n (O o), S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, Xh xh, Xhw xhw, Xhʼ xhʼ, Xhʼw xhʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ), ․
• US: (Latin-script letters) A a, Á á, Aa aa, Áa áa, Ch ch, Chʼ chʼ, D d, Dl dl, Dz dz, E e, É é, Ee ee, Ée ée, Ei ei, Éi éi, G g, Gw gw, G̱ g̱, G̱w g̱w, H h, I i, Í í, J j, K k, Kw kw, Kʼ kʼ, Kʼw kʼw, Ḵ ḵ, Ḵw ḵw, Ḵʼ ḵʼ, Ḵʼw ḵʼw, L l, Lʼ lʼ (Ḻ ḻ, M m), N n (O o), Oo oo, Óo óo, S s, Sʼ sʼ, Sh sh, T t, Tʼ tʼ, Tl tl, Tlʼ tlʼ, Ts ts, Tsʼ tsʼ, U u, Ú ú, W w, X x, Xw xw, Xʼ xʼ, Xʼw xʼw, X̱ x̱, X̱w x̱w, X̱ʼ x̱ʼ, X̱ʼw x̱ʼw, Y y (Ÿ ÿ, Y̱ y̱), ․

Tokelauan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [e]
• Hyphenation: e

Etymology 1

From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Samoan e.

Preposition

e

1. Marks the subject of a transitive verb; by

Etymology 2

From Proto-Polynesian *e. Cognates include Hawaiian e and Samoan e.

Particle

e

1. Indicates indefinite present tense.
   • 1948, Tūlāfono fakavae a Tokelau [Constitution of Tokelau]‎^[11], page 1:

     Ko kimatou, ia tagata o Tokelau, e takutino

     We, the people of Tokelau, (do) speak openly

2. Indicates future tense.

References

• R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary‎^[12], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 24

Tongan

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Preposition

e

1. by

Tooro

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Pronoun

-e (declinable)

1. his, her (class 1 possessive pronoun)

Usage notes

• This modifier, when used in the indefinite forms, causes the word before it to move its high tone to the ultimate syllable.

Inflection

Inflected forms of -e

Noun class	indefinite		definite
	singular	plural	singular	plural
1/2	we	be	owe	abe
3/4	gwe	ye	ogwe	eye
5/6	lye	ge	erye	age
7/8	kye	bye	ekye	ebye
9/10	ye	ze	eye	eze
11/10	rwe		orwe
12/14	ke	bwe	ake	obwe
13		twe		otwe
14/6	bwe	ge	obwe	age
15/6	kwe		okwe
16	he		ahe
18	mwe		omwe

See also

Tooro personal pronouns

Class	Person	Independent	Possessive	Subject concord	Object concord	Combined forms
						na	ni
Class 1	First	nyowe, nye	-ange	n-	-n-	nanyowe, nanye	ninyowe, ninye
	Second	iwe	-awe	o-	-ku-	naiwe	niiwe
	Third	uwe	-e	a-	-mu-	nawe	nuwe
Class 2	First	itwe	-aitu	tu-	-tu-	naitwe	niitwe
	Second	inywe	-anyu	mu-	-ba-	nainywe	niinywe
	Third	abo	-abo	ba-	-ba-	nabo	nubo
Class 3		gwo	-agwo	gu-	-gu-	nagwo	nugwo
Class 4		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
Class 5		lyo	-alyo	li-	-li-	nalyo	niryo
Class 6		go	-ago	ga-	-ga-	nago	nugo
Class 7		kyo	-akyo	ki-	-ki-	nakyo	nikyo
Class 8		byo	-abyo	bi-	-bi-	nabyo	nibyo
Class 9		yo	-ayo	e-	-gi-	nayo	niyo
Class 10		zo	-azo	zi-	-zi-	nazo	nizo
Class 11		rwo	-arwo	ru-	-ru-	narwo	nurwo
Class 12		ko	-ako	ka-	-ka-	nako	nuko
Class 13		two	-atwo	tu-	-tu-	natwo	nutwo
Class 14		bwo	-abwo	bu-	-bu-	nabwo	nubwo
Class 15		kwo	-akwo	ku-	-ku-	nakwo	nukwo
Class 16		ho	-aho	ha-	-ha-	naho	nuho
Class 17		(kwo)	N/A	ha- (...-yo)	-ha-	N/A	nukwo
Class 18		(mwo)	-amwo	ha- (...-mu)	-ha-	N/A	numwo
Reflexive		-enyini, -onyini	—		-e-	—

References

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[13], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 420

Turkish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/, /æ/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The sixth letter of the Turkish alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin script letters) harf; Aa, Bb, Cc, Çç, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Ğğ, Hh, Iı, İi, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Vv, Yy, Zz

Noun

e

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze ^{(Category: tr:Latin letter names)}

Turkmen

Pronunciation

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /e/

Letter

e (upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Turkmen alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) harp; A a, B b, Ç ç, D d, E e, Ä ä, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, Ž ž, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ň ň, O o, Ö ö, P p, R r, S s, Ş ş, T t, U u, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Ý ý, Z z

Tuvaluan

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Particle

e

1. present tense marker, inserted immediately before the relevant verb

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɛ˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɛ˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɛ˧˧]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Portuguese é.

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The eighth letter of the Vietnamese alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Quốc ngữ letters) chữ cái; A a (À à, Ả ả, àã, Á á, Ạ ạ), Ă ă (Ằ ằ, Ẳ ẳ, Ẵ ẵ, Ắ ắ, Ặ ặ),  â (Ầ ầ, Ẩ ẩ, Ẫ ẫ, Ấ ấ, Ậ ậ), B b, C c (Ch ch), D d, Đ đ, E e (È è, Ẻ ẻ, Ẽ ẽ, É é, Ẹ ẹ), Ê ê (Ề ề, Ể ể, Ễ ễ, Ế ế, Ệ ệ), G g (Gh gh, Gi gi), H h, I i (Ì ì, Ỉ ỉ, Ĩ ĩ, Í í, Ị ị), K k (Kh kh), L l, M m, N n (Ng ng, Ngh ngh, Nh nh), O o (Ò ò, Ỏ ỏ, Õ õ, Ó ó, Ọ ọ), Ô ô (Ồ ồ, Ổ ổ, Ỗ ỗ, Ố ố, Ộ ộ), Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ, Ở ở, Ỡ ỡ, Ớ ớ, Ợ ợ), P p (Ph ph), Q q (Qu qu), R r, S s, T t (Th th, Tr tr), U u (Ù ù, Ủ ủ, Ũ ũ, Ú ú, Ụ ụ), Ư ư (Ừ ừ, Ử ử, Ữ ữ, Ứ ứ, Ự ự), V v, X x, Y y (Ỳ ỳ, Ỷ ỷ, Ỹ ỹ, Ý ý, Ỵ ỵ)

Noun

e

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

Etymology 2

Compare Pacoh e (“to guard, to watch over”).

Verb

e • (衣, 㥋, 𢙬, 𠵱, 𠲖, 依)

1. to fear; to be apprehensive, to be afraid

   Tôi e cô ta không đến.

   I am afraid she will not come.

2. to be slightly ashamed

See also

Derived terms

• e dè
• e ngại
• e rằng
• e sợ

 

Etymology 3

Pronoun

e

1. (slang, Internet, text messaging) Abbreviation of em.

References

• "e" in Hồ Ngọc Đức, Free Vietnamese Dictionary Project (details)
• Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)

Vilamovian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

e n

1. egg

Volapük

Alternative forms

• (before a vowel) ed

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

e

1. and
   • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 12:

     Liegikans e pöfikans binons deadöfiks.

     Rich people and poor people are mortal.

Related terms

• ü, üd (“or”)

Welsh

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• (with grave accent to indicate otherwise unpredictable short vowel): è
• (with acute accent to indicate unusually stressed short vowel): é
• (with circumflex to indicate otherwise unpredictable or unusually stressed long vowel): ê
• (with diaeresis to indicate disyllabicity): ë

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eː/
• Rhymes: -eː

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The seventh letter of the Welsh alphabet, called e and written in the Latin script. It is preceded by dd and followed by f.

Mutation

• e cannot be mutated but, being a vowel, does take h-prothesis, for example with the word eliffant (“elephant”):

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
eliffant	unchanged	unchanged	heliffant
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Derived terms

• Digraph sequences: ei, eu, ew, ey

See also

• see other Welsh letters and their names

Noun

e f (plural eau)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
e	unchanged	unchanged	he
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) llythyren; A a (Á á, À à,  â, Ä ä), B b, C c, Ch ch, D d, Dd dd, E e (É é, È è, Ê ê, Ë ë), F f, Ff ff, G g, Ng ng, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Πî, Ï ï), J j, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ô ô, Ö ö), P p, Ph ph, R r, Rh rh, S s, T t, Th th, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Û û, Ü ü), W w (Ẃ ẃ, Ẁ ẁ, Ŵ ŵ, Ẅ ẅ), Y y (Ý ý, Ỳ ỳ, Ŷ ŷ, Ÿ ÿ)
• (Latin-script letter names) llythyren; a, bi, ec, èch, di, èdd, e, èf, èff, èg, eng, aetsh, i / i dot, je, ce, el, èll, em, en, o, pi, ffi, ciw, er, rhi, ès, ti, èth, u / u bedol / u gwpan, fi, w, ecs, y, sèd

Etymology 2

Reduction of literary ef

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eː/, /ɛ/

Pronoun

e

1. he, him

Usage notes

E is used predominantly in the south of Wales, while o is used in the north, with fe and fo as variants of e and o respectively. In formal Welsh, the equivalent pronoun is ef.

West Makian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e/

Verb

e

1. (transitive) to fetch
2. (transitive) to take

Conjugation

Conjugation of e (action verb)
		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		tee	mee	ae
2nd person		nee	fee
3rd person	inanimate	ie	dee
	animate
imperative		nee, e	fee, e

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[14], Pacific linguistics

Yele

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/

Letter

e

1. A letter of the Yele alphabet.

Derived terms

• The digraph ⟨ee⟩ transcribes the long vowel /ɛː/
• The digraph ⟨꞉e⟩ transcribes the nasal vowel /ɛ̃/
• The trigraph ⟨꞉ee⟩ transcribes the long nasal vowel /ɛ̃ː/

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, â, b, Ch ch, D d, e, é, ê, Gh gh, i, î, j, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ń ń, o, ó, P p, T t, U u, V v, W w, Y y, ꞉

Yola

Article

e

1. Alternative form of a (“one”)
   • 1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 132, line 11:

     Fan the loughraan itzel feight e big bawl,

     When the ghost itself gave a loud bawl,

References

• Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 132

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (phoneme): IPA^(key): /e/
• (letter name): IPA^(key): /é/

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fourth letter of the Yoruba alphabet, called é and written in the Latin script.

Noun

é

1. The name of the Latin-script letter E/e.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) lẹ́tà; A a (Á á, À à, Ā ā), B b, D d, E e (É é, È è, Ē ē), Ẹ ẹ (Ẹ́ ẹ́, Ẹ̀ ẹ̀, Ẹ̄ ẹ̄), F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i (Í í, Ì ì, Ī ī), J j, K k, L l, M m (Ḿ ḿ, M̀ m̀, M̄ m̄), N n (Ń ń, Ǹ ǹ, N̄ n̄), O o (Ó ó, Ò ò, Ō ō), Ọ ọ (Ọ́ ọ́, Ọ̀ ọ̀, Ọ̄ ọ̄), P p, R r, S s, Ṣ ṣ, T t, U u (Ú ú, Ù ù, Ū ū), W w, Y y
• (Benin) (Latin-script letters) lɛ́tà; A a, B b, D d, E e, Ɛ ɛ, F f, G g, Gb gb, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kp kp, L l, M m, N n, O o, Ɔ ɔ, P p, R r, S s, Sh sh, T t, U u, W w, Y y
• (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (mid-tone): IPA^(key): /ē/
• (high-tone): IPA^(key): /é/

Pronoun

e

1. him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /e/)

Pronoun

é

1. him, her, it (third-person singular object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /e/)

Zazaki

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Interjection

e

1. yes

Particle

e

1. yes

Antonyms

• nê

Zulu

Letter

e (lower case, upper case E)

1. The fifth letter of the Zulu alphabet, written in the Latin script.

See also

• (Latin-script letters) A a, B b, C c, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, M m, N n, O o, P p, Q q, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, W w, X x, Y y, Z z