dul

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "dul"

Afar

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Dul.

Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈdul/ [ˈdʊl]
  • Hyphenation: dul

Noun

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dúl m (plural duulitté f)

  1. common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)

Declension

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Declension of dúl
absolutive dúl
predicative dúulu
subjective dúl
genitive dultí
Postpositioned forms
l-case dúulul
k-case dúuluk
t-case dúulut
h-case dúuluh

References

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  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “dul”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN

Aromanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Greek δούλος (doúlos).

Noun

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dul m (plural dulj, feminine equivalent dulã)

  1. servant

Synonyms

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Azerbaijani

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Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *tul, *dul(k) (“widow, widower”).

Pronunciation

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  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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dul (definite accusative dulu, plural dullar)

  1. widow, widower

Declension

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    Declension of dul
singular plural
nominative dul
 dullar
definite accusative dulu
 dulları
dative dula
 dullara
locative dulda
 dullarda
ablative duldan
 dullardan
definite genitive dulun
 dulların
    Possessive forms of dul
nominative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) dulum dullarım
sənin (“your”) dulun dulların
onun (“his/her/its”) dulu dulları
bizim (“our”) dulumuz dullarımız
sizin (“your”) dulunuz dullarınız
onların (“their”) dulu or dulları dulları
accusative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) dulumu dullarımı
sənin (“your”) dulunu dullarını
onun (“his/her/its”) dulunu dullarını
bizim (“our”) dulumuzu dullarımızı
sizin (“your”) dulunuzu dullarınızı
onların (“their”) dulunu or dullarını dullarını
dative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) duluma dullarıma
sənin (“your”) duluna dullarına
onun (“his/her/its”) duluna dullarına
bizim (“our”) dulumuza dullarımıza
sizin (“your”) dulunuza dullarınıza
onların (“their”) duluna or dullarına dullarına
locative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) dulumda dullarımda
sənin (“your”) dulunda dullarında
onun (“his/her/its”) dulunda dullarında
bizim (“our”) dulumuzda dullarımızda
sizin (“your”) dulunuzda dullarınızda
onların (“their”) dulunda or dullarında dullarında
ablative
singular plural
mənim (“my”) dulumdan dullarımdan
sənin (“your”) dulundan dullarından
onun (“his/her/its”) dulundan dullarından
bizim (“our”) dulumuzdan dullarımızdan
sizin (“your”) dulunuzdan dullarınızdan
onların (“their”) dulundan or dullarından dullarından
genitive
singular plural
mənim (“my”) dulumun dullarımın
sənin (“your”) dulunun dullarının
onun (“his/her/its”) dulunun dullarının
bizim (“our”) dulumuzun dullarımızın
sizin (“your”) dulunuzun dullarınızın
onların (“their”) dulunun or dullarının dullarının

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Participle

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dul

  1. masculine singular past active participle of dout

Hamer-Banna

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Pronunciation

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Ideophone

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dul

  1. act of going

References

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  • Petrollino, Sara (2016) A Grammar of Hamar: A South Omotic language of Ethiopia‎[1], Leiden University

Icelandic

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dul f (genitive singular dular, no plural)

  1. concealment

Declension

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    Declension of dul
f-s2 singular
indefinite definite
nominative dul dulin
accusative dul dulina
dative dul dulinni
genitive dular dularinnar

Synonyms

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  • duld (“neurosis, complex”)
  • dulur (“introverted, reticent”)
  • dulúð (“occult, mystery”)
  • dylja (“to hide, to conceal”)

Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish dul, verbal noun of téit (“to go”).[2]

Noun

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dul m (genitive singular dula)

  1. verbal noun of téigh
  2. going, passing, departure
  3. way, method; means, capability
  4. proper, natural order
  5. arrangement, construction, style, version
  6. condition, state
  7. time, occasion
Declension
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Declension of dul

Third declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative dul
Vocative a dhul
Genitive dula
Dative dul

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an dul
Genitive an dula
Dative leis an dul

don dul

Synonyms
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  • goil (Connacht, Ulster)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Noun

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dul m (genitive singular dula)

  1. Alternative form of dol (“loop; noose, snare; cast; draught, haul; turn; batch, lot; group, contingent; number, amount”)
Declension
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Declension of dul

Third declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative dul
Vocative a dhul
Genitive dula
Dative dul

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an dul
Genitive an dula
Dative leis an dul

don dul

Verb

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dul (present analytic dulann, future analytic dulfaidh, verbal noun duladh, past participle dulta)

  1. Alternative form of dol (“loop; snare, ensnare; net”)
Conjugation
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conjugation of dul (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present dulaim dulann tú;
dulair† 		dulann sé, sí dulaimid dulann sibh dulann siad;
dulaid† 		a dhulann; a dhulas /
a ndulann* 		dultar
past dhul mé; dhulas dhul tú; dhulais dhul sé, sí dhulamar; dhul muid dhul sibh; dhulabhair dhul siad; dhuladar a dhul /
ar dhul* 		duladh
past habitual dhulainn / ndulainn‡‡ dhultá / ndultᇇ dhuladh sé, sí / nduladh sé, s퇇 dhulaimis; dhuladh muid / ndulaimis‡‡; nduladh muid‡‡ dhuladh sibh / nduladh sibh‡‡ dhulaidís; dhuladh siad / ndulaidís‡‡; nduladh siad‡‡ a dhuladh /
a nduladh* 		dhultaí / ndulta퇇
future dulfaidh mé;
dulfad 		dulfaidh tú;
dulfair† 		dulfaidh sé, sí dulfaimid;
dulfaidh muid 		dulfaidh sibh dulfaidh siad;
dulfaid† 		a dhulfaidh; a dhulfas /
a ndulfaidh* 		dulfar
conditional dhulfainn / ndulfainn‡‡ dhulfá / ndulfᇇ dhulfadh sé, sí / ndulfadh sé, s퇇 dhulfaimis; dhulfadh muid / ndulfaimis‡‡; ndulfadh muid‡‡ dhulfadh sibh / ndulfadh sibh‡‡ dhulfaidís; dhulfadh siad / ndulfaidís‡‡; ndulfadh siad‡‡ a dhulfadh /
a ndulfadh* 		dhulfaí / ndulfa퇇
subjunctive present go ndula mé;
go ndulad† 		go ndula tú;
go ndulair† 		go ndula sé, sí go ndulaimid;
go ndula muid 		go ndula sibh go ndula siad;
go ndulaid† 		— go ndultar
past dá ndulainn dá ndultá dá nduladh sé, sí dá ndulaimis;
dá nduladh muid 		dá nduladh sibh dá ndulaidís;
dá nduladh siad 		— dá ndultaí
imperative dulaim dul duladh sé, sí dulaimis dulaigí;
dulaidh† 		dulaidís — dultar
verbal noun duladh
past participle dulta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

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Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
dul dhul ndul
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 180, page 91
  2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 dul”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

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North Wahgi

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Noun

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dul

  1. eye

Further reading

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Old Irish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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The u in the term is commonly assumed to have arisen in the first place from u-infection of an original Proto-Celtic *dalus, which may be derived from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelh₁- (“to ooze, spring up”), Ancient Greek θάλλω (thállō, “to bloom, thrive”), Albanian dal (“to go out”). Related to Welsh deillio (“to emanate, arise”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dul m (genitive dula)

  1. verbal noun of téit

Inflection

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Masculine u-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative dul — —
Vocative dul — —
Accusative dulN — —
Genitive duloH, dulaH — —
Dative dulL — —
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
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Descendants

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  • Irish: dul
  • Scottish Gaelic: dol

Mutation

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Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
dul dul
pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ 		ndul
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

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  1. ^ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, page 327
  2. ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 257

Further reading

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Scottish Gaelic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Irish dul (“snare, trap”).

Noun

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dul m (genitive singular dula, plural dulachan)

  1. loop, noose, link
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Mutation

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Mutation of dul
radical lenition
dul dhul

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 2

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From Old Irish dul (“going, to go”), verbal noun of téit.

Noun

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dul m (genitive singular dul, no plural)

  1. Ross-shire, Sutherland, East Inverness-shire, and Deeside form of dol

References

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Sumerian

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Romanization

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dul

  1. Romanization of 𒌋𒌆 (dul)

Turkish

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Etymology

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From Ottoman Turkish طول (dul), from Proto-Turkic *tul.[1][2] Cognate with Bashkir тол (tol), Old Turkic 𐱄𐰆𐰟 (tul).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dul (definite accusative dulu, plural dullar)

  1. widow, widower
  2. divorcee

Declension

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Inflection
Nominative dul
Definite accusative dulu
Singular Plural
Nominative dul dullar
Definite accusative dulu dulları
Dative dula dullara
Locative dulda dullarda
Ablative duldan dullardan
Genitive dulun dulların
Predicative forms
Singular Plural
1st singular dulum dullarım
2nd singular dulsun dullarsın
3rd singular dul
duldur 		dullar
dullardır
1st plural duluz dullarız
2nd plural dulsunuz dullarsınız
3rd plural dullar dullardır

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tu:l”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 490
  2. ^ Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*dul(k)”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Further reading

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West Flemish

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Adjective

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dul

  1. angry
    Synonyms: kwoad, vys
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