damage

English

Etymology

From Middle English damage, from Old French damage, from Vulgar Latin *damnāticum from Classical Latin damnum. Compare modern French dommage. Displaced Middle English scath.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdæmɪd͡ʒ/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: dam‧age
• Rhymes: -æmɪdʒ

Noun

damage (countable and uncountable, plural damages)

1. Injury or harm; the condition or measure of something not being intact.

   The storm did a lot of damage to the area.

   • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Friendship”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

     Great errors and absurdities many […] commit for want of a friend to tell them of them, to the great damage both of their fame and fortune.

2. (slang) Cost or expense.

   "What's the damage?" he asked the waiter.

Usage notes

Currently it is only used as an uncountable noun, except in the specialist legal plural-only sense, which see. There are few examples of the obsolete countable (singular) use.

Derived terms

• attrition damage
• brain damage
• collateral damage
• country damage
• cryodamage
• damage boost
• damage control
• damage feasant
• damageful
• damageless
• damageous
• damage over time
• loss and damage
• microdamage
• nanodamage
• neurodamage
• photodamage
• radiation damage
• splash damage
• the damage is done
• what's someone's damage
• what's the damage

 

Related terms

• damn
• indemnity

Translations

abstract measure of something not being intact; harm

• Albanian: dëmtim (sq) m, dëm m
• Arabic: عُطْل m (ʕuṭl), ضَرَر (ar) m (ḍarar), أِضْرَار m (ʔiḍrār), تَلَف m (talaf), خَسَارَة f (ḵasāra)
• Armenian: վնաս (hy) (vnas)
• Asturian: dañu m
• Avar: зарар (zarar)
• Azerbaijani: xəsarət, zərər (az)
• Bashkir: зыян (zıyan)
• Belarusian: пашко́джанне n (paškódžannje), шко́да f (škóda), стра́та f (stráta)
• Bengali: সদমা (śodoma)
• Bulgarian: щета́ (bg) f (štetá), ущъ́рб (bg) m (uštǎ́rb)
• Catalan: dany (ca) m, perjudici (ca) m, damnatge m
• Chinese:

  Hokkien: 損害／损害 (zh-min-nan) (sún-hāi), 敗害／败害 (pāi-hāi)

  Mandarin: 損害／损害 (zh) (sǔnhài)

• Czech: poškození (cs) n, škoda (cs) f
• Dalmatian: damno
• Danish: skade (da) c, beskadigelse (da) c
• Dutch: schade (nl) f
• Esperanto: damaĝo
• Estonian: kahju (et)
• Finnish: vaurio (fi), vahinko (fi), tuho (fi), hävitys (fi)
• French: dégât (fr) m, dommage (fr) m
• Friulian: dam m, daneç m
• Galician: dano (gl) m
• Georgian: ზიანი (ziani), ვნება (vneba), გაფუჭება (ka) (gapuč̣eba)
• German: Schaden (de) m
• Greek: ζημιά (el) f (zimiá), ζημία (el) f (zimía)

  Ancient: βλάβη f (blábē)

• Hebrew: נֶזֶק (he) m (nézek)
• Hindi: नुक़सान m (nuqsān), हानी f (hānī), क्षति (hi) f (kṣati)
• Hungarian: kár (hu)
• Ingrian: kaiho
• Irish: damáiste m, díobháil f, millteanas m
• Istriot: dagno m
• Italian: danno (it) m
• Japanese: 痛手 (ja) (いたで, itade), 損害 (ja) (そんがい, songai), 損傷 (ja) (そんしょう, sonshō)
• Kazakh: зиян (ziän), нұқсан (nūqsan)
• Korean: 손해(損害) (ko) (sonhae), 손상(損傷) (ko) (sonsang)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: zîyan (ku)

• Kyrgyz: зыян (ky) (zıyan)
• Latin: noxia f
• Latvian: bojājums m, postījums m
• Lithuanian: žala f, nuostolis (lt) m, sugadinimas m
• Lombard: dann (lmo)
• Macedonian: штета f (šteta), оштетување n (oštetuvanje)
• Malay: kerosakan (ms)
• Maori: pākarutanga
• Middle English: damage
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: гэмтэл (mn) (gemtel)

  Mongolian: ᠭᠡᠮᠲᠦᠯ (gemtül)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: skade (no) m

  Nynorsk: skade m

• Occitan: damatge (oc) m
• Old English: æfwerdelsa m, æfwerdla m, hearm m, æfwyrdla m
• Ottoman Turkish: ضرر (zarar), زیان (ziyan), مضرت (mazarrat)
• Persian: زیان (fa) (ziyân), خسارت (fa) (xesârat), آسیب (fa) (âsib), آک (fa) (âk), ضرر (fa) (zarar)
• Polish: uszkodzenie (pl) n, szkoda (pl) f
• Portuguese: avaria (pt) f, dano (pt) m, estrago (pt) m
• Romanian: daună (ro) f, avarie (ro) f, pagubă (ro) f, deteriorare (ro) f
• Romansch: donn
• Russian: поврежде́ние (ru) n (povreždénije), уще́рб (ru) m (uščérb), вред (ru) m (vred)
• Sanskrit: क्षति (sa) f (kṣati)
• Scottish Gaelic: coire f, milleadh m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ште̏та f

  Roman: štȅta (sh) f

• Sicilian: dammaggiu (scn) m
• Slovak: poškodenie n, škoda f
• Slovene: škoda (sl) f
• Spanish: daño (es) m, damno m (historic)
• Swedish: skada (sv) c
• Tagalog: pinsala, nasira, nagiba, kapinsalaan (tl)
• Tajik: зарар (tg) (zarar), вайрон (tg) (vayron), зиён (tg) (ziyon), хисорат (xisorat)
• Tatar: зыян (tt) (zıyan)
• Thai: ความเสียหาย (th) (kwaam-sǐia-hǎai)
• Tocharian B: karep
• Turkish: zarar (tr), hasar (tr), ziyan (tr)
• Turkmen: zyýan (tk)
• Ukrainian: пошко́дження (poškódžennja), шко́да (uk) (škóda), зби́тки (zbýtky)
• Urdu: نقصان m (nuqsān)
• Uyghur: زىيان (ziyan)
• Uzbek: zarar (uz), ziyon (uz)
• Welsh: difrod (cy) m, amhariad m, amhariadau pl
• West Frisian: skea c

cost or expense

• Azerbaijani: zərər (az)
• Belarusian: стра́та f (stráta)
• Bulgarian: вреда́ (bg) f (vredá), щета́ (bg) f (štetá)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 損失／损失 (zh) (sǔnshī)

• Czech: cena (cs) f
• Danish: skade (da) c
• Dutch: schade (nl)
• Finnish: kulu (fi), hinta (fi), kustannus (fi)
• French: dégât (fr) m, dommage (fr) m
• Georgian: ზარალი (zarali)
• German: Schaden (de) m
• Greek: ζημιά (el) f (zimiá), ζημία (el) f (zimía)
• Italian: danno (it) m
• Japanese: 損失 (ja) (そんしつ, sonshitsu)
• Korean: 손실 (ko) (sonsil)
• Macedonian: штета f (šteta)
• Portuguese: estrago (pt) m
• Romanian: stricăciune (ro) f, pagube f pl, daune f pl
• Russian: уще́рб (ru) m (uščérb), убы́ток (ru) m (ubýtok)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ште̏та f

  Roman: štȅta (sh) f

• Spanish: daño (es) m
• Tagalog: pinsala, kapinsalaan (tl)
• Ukrainian: шко́да (uk) f (škóda), зби́тки m pl (zbýtky)
• Uzbek: zarar (uz)

Verb

damage (third-person singular simple present damages, present participle damaging, simple past and past participle damaged)

1. (transitive) To impair the soundness, goodness, or value of; to harm or cause destruction.

   Be careful not to damage any of the fragile items while unpacking them.

   Cold temperatures, heavy rain, falling rocks, strong winds and glacier movement can damage the equipment.

   • 1774, Edward Long, The History of Jamaica. Or, General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of that Island, volume 2, book 2, chapter 7, 5:

     The building was erected in two years, at the parochial expence, on the foundation of the former one, which was irreparably damaged by the hurricane of Auguſt, 1712.

   • 1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “(please specify |book=I to XVI)”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the Theater, published 1707, →OCLC:

     He […] came up to the English admiral and gave him a broadside, with which he killed many of his men and damaged the ship.

2. (intransitive, obsolete) To undergo damage.
3. (transitive) To remove a damaged or unsalable item from the sales floor for processing.

   Did you damage the items that the customer returned yet?

Derived terms

• damageability
• damageable
• damager
• redamage
• undamaged

 

Translations

to make something less intact or even destroy it; to harm or cause destruction

• Albanian: dëmtoj (sq)
• Armenian: վնասել (hy) (vnasel)
• Asturian: dañar
• Basque: kalte egin (eu)
• Bulgarian: повреждам (bg) (povreždam)
• Catalan: danyar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 毀壞／毁坏 (zh) (huǐhuài)

• Czech: poškodit (cs)
• Danish: beskadige (da), gøre skade på, tilføje skade
• Dutch: beschadigen (nl)
• Esperanto: damaĝi, difekti (eo)
• Finnish: vaurioittaa (fi), vahingoittaa (fi)
• French: endommager (fr), abîmer (fr)
• Galician: danar (gl)
• Georgian: დაზიანება (dazianeba), გაფუჭება (ka) (gapuč̣eba)
• German: beschädigen (de)
• Gothic: 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan)
• Greek:

  Ancient: βλάπτω (bláptō)

• Hebrew: הזיק (he) (hizík)
• Hungarian: megkárosít (hu), megrongál (hu), tönkretesz (hu)
• Icelandic: skadda
• Ido: domajar (io)
• Irish: damáistigh, déan damáiste, déan díobháil, loit
• Italian: danneggiare (it), rovinare (it), macchiare (it)
• Japanese: 損なう (ja) (sokonau), 傷付ける (kizutsukeru)
• Javanese: rusak (jv)
• Ladino: aharientar
• Latin: noceō (la)
• Latvian: sabojāt, sasist, sapostīt
• Lithuanian: sugadinti, padaryti nuostolių, padaryti žalos, pakenkti
• Macedonian: оштетува (oštetuva), расипува (rasipuva)
• Malay: rosak (ms)
• Maori: whakakaurapa, whakakeretā
• Middle English: damagen
• Old English: derian, gesargian, sliþan
• Ottoman Turkish: بوزمق (bozmak)
• Polish: uszkadzać (pl), psuć (pl)
• Portuguese: estragar (pt), danar (pt), avariar (pt), danificar (pt)
• Romanian: dăuna (ro), defecta (ro), strica (ro), deteriora (ro), avaria (ro)
• Russian: поврежда́ть (ru) impf (povreždátʹ), повреди́ть (ru) pf (povredítʹ); по́ртить (ru) impf (pórtitʹ), испо́ртить (ru) pf (ispórtitʹ); наноси́ть уще́рб impf (nanosítʹ uščérb), нанести́ уще́рб pf (nanestí uščérb)
• Serbo-Croatian: oštetiti (sh), pokvariti (sh)
• Spanish: dañar (es), quiñar (es)
• Swedish: skada (sv)
• Ukrainian: пошко́джувати (poškódžuvaty), шко́дити (škódyty), псува́ти (uk) (psuváty), завдава́ти зиби́тків (zavdaváty zybýtkiv)
• Welsh: amharu (cy)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Albanian: ^{(please verify)} dëm
• Arabic: ^{(please verify)} ضَرَرَ (ar) (ḍarara)
• Azerbaijani: ^{(please verify)} xarab etmə
• Estonian: ^{(please verify)} vigastus
• Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} אָבְדָן (avdan)
• Hindi: ^{(please verify)} हानि (hi) (hāni), ^{(please verify)} घटा (hi) (ghaṭā), ^{(please verify)} क्षति (hi) (kṣati)
• Indonesian: ^{(please verify)} kerusakan (id)
• Korean: ^{(please verify)} 손상 (ko) (sonsang)
• Latin: ^{(please verify)} damnum n
• Mongolian: ^{(please verify)} хохирол (mn) (xoxirol)
• Norwegian: ^{(please verify)} skade (no)
• Persian: ^{(please verify)} آسیب (fa) (âsib)
• Serbo-Croatian: ^{(please verify)} оштетити, ^{(please verify)} ošteteti
• Serbo-Croatian: ^{(please verify)} uništiti (sh)
• Slovak: ^{(please verify)} cena (sk)
• Swahili: ^{(please verify)} afa (sw)
• Tagalog: ^{(please verify)} kapinsalaan (tl)
• Telugu: ^{(please verify)} చెరుపు (te) (cerupu), ^{(please verify)} నష్టము (te) (naṣṭamu)
• Thai: ^{(please verify)} ความเสียหาย (th) (kwaam sĭa hăai)
• Turkish: ^{(please verify)} zarar (tr)
• Ukrainian: ^{(please verify)} шкода́ (uk) (škodá)
• Uyghur: ^{(please verify)} eziyet
• Vietnamese: ^{(please verify)} mối hại
• Yiddish: ^{(please verify)} hesek

Middle English

Alternative forms

• damege, dammage, dampnage, domage

Etymology

From Old French damage, from Vulgar Latin *damnāticum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /daˈmaːd͡ʒ(ə)/, /dɔˈmaːd͡ʒ(ə)/, /ˈdamad͡ʒ(ə)/

Noun

damage (plural damages)

1. damage, harm, injury
2. loss (of reputation, etc.)
3. (rare) disability, weakness
4. (law, often in the plural) damages (compensation for loss)

Related terms

• damagen

Descendants

• English: damage
• Scots: dammish

References

• “damāǧe, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Old French

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *damnāticum from Classical Latin damnum.

Pronunciation

• (classical) IPA^(key): /daˈmadʒə/
• (late) IPA^(key): /daˈmaʒə/

Noun

damage oblique singular, m (oblique plural damages, nominative singular damages, nominative plural damage)

1. damage
2. injury, hurt, insult

Related terms

• damagier

Descendants

• French: dommage
• Norman: dommage
• → Friulian: daneç
• → Irish: damáiste
• → Middle English: damage (see there for further descendants)
• → Piedmontese: darmage, darmagi
• → Sicilian: damaggiu