-ari

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ari"

Basque

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Basque [Term?], a borrowing from Latin -ārium.[1][2]

Alternative forms

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Suffix

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-ari

  1. Used to create names of occupations from nouns.
    ‎olerki (“poem”) + ‎-ari → ‎olerkari (“poet”)
  2. Used to form adverbs and nouns from nouns of time; every, each
    ‎egun (“day”) + ‎-ari → ‎egunkari (“newspaper”)
Derived terms
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Basque terms suffixed with -ari (occupation)

Etymology 2

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Alternative forms

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Suffix

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-ari

  1. Used in names of meals.
    ‎arrats (“evening”) + ‎-ari → ‎askari (“afternoon snack”)
    ‎baratu (“to stop”) + ‎-ari → ‎barazkari (“lunch”)
Derived terms
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Basque terms suffixed with -ari (meal)

Etymology 3

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From -a (definite article) +‎ -(r)i (dative suffix).

Suffix

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-ari

  1. Dative singular suffix.
Declension
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Basque inflectional suffixes
indefinite singular plural proximal plural
absolutive -∅ -a -ak -ok
ergative -(e)k -ak -ek
dative -(r)i -ari -ei -oi
genitive -(r)en -aren -en -on
comitative -(r)ekin -arekin -ekin -okin
causative -(r)engatik -arengatik -engatik -ongatik
benefactive -(r)entzat -arentzat -entzat -ontzat
instrumental -(e)z -az -ez -oz
inessive anim. -(r)engan -arengan -engan -ongan
inanim. -(e)tan -an -etan -otan
locative anim.
―
―
―
―
inanim. -(e)tako -(e)ko -etako -otako
allative anim. -(r)engana -arengana -engana -ongana
inanim. -(e)tara -(e)ra -etara -otara
terminative anim. -(r)enganaino -arenganaino -enganaino -onganaino
inanim. -(e)taraino -(e)raino -etaraino -otaraino
directive anim. -(r)enganantz -arenganantz -enganantz -onganantz
inanim. -(e)tarantz -(e)rantz -etarantz -otarantz
destinative anim. -(r)enganako -arenganako -enganako -onganako
inanim. -(e)tarako -(e)rako -etarako -otarako
ablative anim. -(r)engandik -arengandik -engandik -ongandik
inanim. -(e)tatik -(e)tik -etik -otik
partitive -(r)ik
―
―
―
prolative -tzat
―
―
―

References

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  1. ^ Mitxelena, Koldo L. (1961) Fonética histórica vasca (Obras completas de Luis Michelena; 1) (in Spanish), Diputación Foral de Guipuzkoa, published 1990, →ISBN, page 135
  2. ^ “-ari” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin -ārius. Doublet of -er.

Suffix

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-ari (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ària, masculine plural -aris, feminine plural -àries)

  1. forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “of or related to the suffixed nouns”
    ‎revolució (“revolution”) + ‎-ari → ‎revolucionari (“revolutionary”)

Derived terms

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Catalan terms suffixed with -ari

Further reading

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Faroese

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Etymology

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From the Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”), from Middle Low German [Term?], from Latin -ārius.

Suffix

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-ari m (genitive singular -ara, plural -arar)

  1. -er, -or; (a masculine suffix used to form agent nouns from verb and noun stems)
    at baka (“to bake”) + -ari → bakari (“a baker”).

Declension

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Declension of -ari
m1 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative -ari -arin -arar -ararnir
accusative -ara -aran -arar -ararnar
dative -ara -aranum -arum -arunum
genitive -ara -arans -ara -aranna

Derived terms

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Faroese terms suffixed with -ari

Finnish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Mostly borrowed from Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”) (itself mostly from Latin -ārius) through its use in many loanwords. Partially from and reinforced by -ri.

Suffix

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-ari (front vowel harmony variant -äri, linguistic notation -Ari)

  1. Used to create names of occupations from nouns or verbs.
    ‎kartta (“map”) + ‎-uri → ‎kartturi (“navigator”)
    ‎vaate (“garment”) + ‎-uri → ‎vaatturi (“tailor”)
    ‎duunata (“to work”) + ‎-ari → ‎duunari (“worker”)
    ‎puutarha (“garden”) + ‎-uri → ‎puutarhuri (“gardener”)
    ‎urut (“organ”) + ‎-uri → ‎urkuri (“organist”)
    ‎saha (“saw, sawmill”) + ‎-uri → ‎sahuri (“sawmill operator”)
    ‎rokki (“rock music”) + ‎-ari → ‎rokkari (“rocker”)
  2. (colloquial) General denominal noun suffix.
    ‎huppu + ‎-ari → ‎huppari
    ‎häly + ‎-ari → ‎häläri
    ‎hintti + ‎-ari → ‎hinttari
    ‎kulma + ‎-uri → ‎kulmuri
  3. (colloquial) Denominal suffix used to clip nouns.
    ‎ostoskeskus + ‎-ari → ‎ostari
    ‎ryynimakkara + ‎-ari → ‎ryynäri
    ‎poskisauhu + ‎-ari → ‎poskari
  4. (slang) Used to create terms meaning "supporter of something"
    ‎kommunisti (“communist”) + ‎-ari → ‎kommari
    ‎sosiaalidemokraatti (“social democrat”) + ‎-ari → ‎demari

Usage notes

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  • In slang clippings, the suffix may cause gemination of the preceding consonant if phonotactically possible.

Declension

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Inflection of -ari (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)
nominative -ari -arit
genitive -arin -arien
-areiden
-areitten
partitive -aria -areita
-areja
illative -ariin -areihin
singular plural
nominative -ari -arit
accusative nom. -ari -arit
gen. -arin
genitive -arin -arien
-areiden
-areitten
partitive -aria -areita
-areja
inessive -arissa -areissa
elative -arista -areista
illative -ariin -areihin
adessive -arilla -areilla
ablative -arilta -areilta
allative -arille -areille
essive -arina -areina
translative -ariksi -areiksi
abessive -aritta -areitta
instructive — -arein
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of -ari (Kotus type 6/paperi, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -arini -arini
accusative nom. -arini -arini
gen. -arini
genitive -arini -arieni
-areideni
-areitteni
partitive -ariani -areitani
-arejani
inessive -arissani -areissani
elative -aristani -areistani
illative -ariini -areihini
adessive -arillani -areillani
ablative -ariltani -areiltani
allative -arilleni -areilleni
essive -arinani -areinani
translative -arikseni -areikseni
abessive -arittani -areittani
instructive — —
comitative — -areineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -arisi -arisi
accusative nom. -arisi -arisi
gen. -arisi
genitive -arisi -ariesi
-areidesi
-areittesi
partitive -ariasi -areitasi
-arejasi
inessive -arissasi -areissasi
elative -aristasi -areistasi
illative -ariisi -areihisi
adessive -arillasi -areillasi
ablative -ariltasi -areiltasi
allative -arillesi -areillesi
essive -arinasi -areinasi
translative -ariksesi -areiksesi
abessive -arittasi -areittasi
instructive — —
comitative — -areinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -arimme -arimme
accusative nom. -arimme -arimme
gen. -arimme
genitive -arimme -ariemme
-areidemme
-areittemme
partitive -ariamme -areitamme
-arejamme
inessive -arissamme -areissamme
elative -aristamme -areistamme
illative -ariimme -areihimme
adessive -arillamme -areillamme
ablative -ariltamme -areiltamme
allative -arillemme -areillemme
essive -arinamme -areinamme
translative -ariksemme -areiksemme
abessive -arittamme -areittamme
instructive — —
comitative — -areinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -arinne -arinne
accusative nom. -arinne -arinne
gen. -arinne
genitive -arinne -arienne
-areidenne
-areittenne
partitive -arianne -areitanne
-arejanne
inessive -arissanne -areissanne
elative -aristanne -areistanne
illative -ariinne -areihinne
adessive -arillanne -areillanne
ablative -ariltanne -areiltanne
allative -arillenne -areillenne
essive -arinanne -areinanne
translative -ariksenne -areiksenne
abessive -arittanne -areittanne
instructive — —
comitative — -areinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative -arinsa -arinsa
accusative nom. -arinsa -arinsa
gen. -arinsa
genitive -arinsa -ariensa
-areidensa
-areittensa
partitive -ariaan
-ariansa 		-areitaan
-arejaan
-areitansa
-arejansa
inessive -arissaan
-arissansa 		-areissaan
-areissansa
elative -aristaan
-aristansa 		-areistaan
-areistansa
illative -ariinsa -areihinsa
adessive -arillaan
-arillansa 		-areillaan
-areillansa
ablative -ariltaan
-ariltansa 		-areiltaan
-areiltansa
allative -arilleen
-arillensa 		-areilleen
-areillensa
essive -arinaan
-arinansa 		-areinaan
-areinansa
translative -arikseen
-ariksensa 		-areikseen
-areiksensa
abessive -arittaan
-arittansa 		-areittaan
-areittansa
instructive — —
comitative — -areineen
-areinensa

Derived terms

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Finnish terms suffixed with -ari
Finnish terms suffixed with -uri

Icelandic

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Etymology

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From the Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”). This suffix is not Germanic, ultimately deriving from Latin -ārius through borrowings, and lives on in different guises in the Germanic languages, e.g., in the German -er, used for the same purpose.

Suffix

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-ari m (genitive singular -ara, plural -arar)

  1. -er, -or; (a masculine suffix used to form agent nouns from verb and noun stems)
    leika (“to act”) + -ari → leikari (“an actor”).

Derived terms

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Icelandic terms suffixed with -ari

Italian

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Etymology 1

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Suffix

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-ari m or f

  1. plural of -are

Etymology 2

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Suffix

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-ari m

  1. masculine plural of -aro

Etymology 3

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Suffix

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-ari m

  1. masculine plural of -ario

Anagrams

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Latin

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Apparently from a dative singular in -ī, the semantic shift being "for Xing" > "to be Xed".

Suffix

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-ārī

  1. present passive infinitive of -ō (first conjugation)

Etymology 2

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Suffix

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-ārī

  1. dative/ablative singular of -āris

Old High German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-West Germanic *-ārī.

Suffix

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-āri

  1. used to form agent nouns
    from nouns: ‎buoch (“book”) + ‎-āri → ‎buochāri (“scholar”)
    from verbs: ‎hëlfan (“to help”) + ‎-āri → ‎hëlfāri (“helper”)
Derived terms
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Old High German terms suffixed with -ari
Descendants
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  • Middle High German: -ære, -er

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Germanic *warjaz.

Suffix

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-āri

  1. used to form demonyms
    Baiāri (“Bavarian”)
    Romāri (“Roman”)
Descendants
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Old Norse

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Etymology

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Borrowed as part of Medieval Latin and Middle Low German words. In both cases, it stems from Latin -ārius. The suffix -ari replaced the native suffix -i which was used for agent nouns before: skytari (“shooter, bowman”) instead of skyti (“shooter, bowman”), both derived from skjóta (“to shoot”).[1]

Suffix

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-ari m

  1. a suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs
    ‎baka (“to bake”) + ‎-ari → ‎bakari (“baker”)

Usage notes

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  • -ari, while common in the descendant languages, is never found in the oldest poetry or Runic inscriptions and very rare in Old Norse. Native alternatives like -ir, -i and -andi are preferred.

Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Olav Næs (1952) Norsk Grammatikk — Ordlære (in Old Norse), page 246

Old Saxon

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *-ārī.

Suffix

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-āri

  1. Forms masculine agent nouns from verbs: -er
  2. Forms masculine agent nouns from other nouns: -er

Declension

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Declension of -āri (masculine ja-stem)
singular plural
nominative -āri -ārios
accusative -āri -ārios
genitive -āries -āriō
dative -ārie -ārium
instrumental — —


Descendants

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References

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Old Swedish

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Suffix

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-ari m

  1. Alternative form of -are

Declension

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Declension of -are (weak an-stem)
masculine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative -are -aren -arar -ararnir
accusative -ara -aran -ara -arana
dative -ara -aranom -arom -aronom
genitive -ara -arans -ara -aranna

Romansch

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Etymology

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From Latin -ārium, -ārius.

Suffix

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-ari

  1. -ary (nominal suffix)
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