跪

跪 U+8DEA, 跪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8DEA ← 跩 [U+8DE9] CJK Unified Ideographs 跫 → [U+8DEB]

Translingual

Han character

跪 (Kangxi radical 157, 足+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 口一弓一山 (RMNMU), four-corner 6711₂, composition ⿰𧾷危)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1225, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 37516
• Dae Jaweon: page 1696, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3704, character 3
• Unihan data for U+8DEA

Chinese

simp. and trad.		跪

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (危) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
鮠	*ŋuːl
峞	*ŋuːl, *ŋuːlʔ
頠	*ŋuːlʔ, *ŋrolʔ
詭	*krolʔ
垝	*krolʔ, *krols
陒	*krolʔ
觤	*krolʔ
恑	*krolʔ
蛫	*krolʔ
祪	*krolʔ
洈	*krolʔ, *ŋrol
姽	*krolʔ, *ŋrolʔ
桅	*krolʔ
佹	*krolʔ
跪	*kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ
危	*ŋrol
峗	*ŋrol
硊	*ŋrolʔ
卼	*kʰruls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰrolʔ, *ɡrolʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol). However, the phonetic component shows (perhaps by chance) a person kneeling on the ground.

Etymology

Perhaps connected with Proto-Vietic *t-kuːlʔ (> Vietnamese gối (“knee”)) (Schuessler, 2007). For the semantic relationship, compare English kneel. Also compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *koj (“bend; curved; lap; bosom”), whence Burmese ခွေ (hkwe, “to coil; hoop”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guì (gui⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gwai⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): gei⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): kui³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khúi

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kui³

• Jin (Wiktionary): kui³
• Northern Min (KCR): gṳ̄
• Eastern Min (BUC): gôi
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kǔi / kūi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): guin⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶jiu; ⁶gue
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): kuei³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guì
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guèi
    • Wade–Giles: kuei⁴
    • Yale: gwèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guey
    • Palladius: гуй (guj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwai⁶
    • Yale: gwaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: guei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐi̯²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: gei⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: kui³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰui²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khúi
    • Hakka Romanization System: kui^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kui³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰu̯i³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kui³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰuɪ³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: kui³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰuei⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̄
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gôi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔi
    • Tâi-lô: kuǐ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kui²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūi
    • Tâi-lô: kuī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kui
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kui³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kui²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: guin⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kŭiⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kũĩ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶jiu; ⁶gue
    • MiniDict: jiu^去; gue^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjy; ³gue
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑy²³/, /ɡue²³/

Note:

• 3jjy - colloquial;
• 3gue - literary.

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: kuei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯e̞i̯⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: khjweX, gjweX

Rime
Character	跪	跪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	支 (14)	支 (14)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	去委切	渠委切
Baxter	khjweX	gjweX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠiuᴇX/	/ɡˠiuᴇX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷᵚiɛX/	/ɡʷᵚiɛX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiuɛX/	/ɡiuɛX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰjwiə̆X/	/gjwiə̆X/
Li Rong	/kʰjueX/	/ɡjueX/
Wang Li	/kʰǐweX/	/ɡǐweX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰwie̯X/	/gwie̯X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuǐ	guì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fai2	gwai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[g](r)ojʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰrolʔ/, /*ɡrolʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	跪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guì
Middle Chinese	‹ gjweX ›
Old Chinese	/*[g](r)ojʔ/
English	kneel; foot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	跪	跪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	12779	12780
Phonetic component	危	危
Rime group	歌	歌
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	跪	跪
Old Chinese	/*kʰrolʔ/	/*ɡrolʔ/

Definitions

跪

1. to kneel
2. ^† foot

   • 蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇蟺之穴無可寄託者，用心躁也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇蟺之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Xiè liù guì ér èr áo, fēi shé shàn zhī xué wú kě jìtuō zhě, yòngxīn zào yě. [Pinyin]

     The crab has six feet and two pincers, yet without the dens of snakes and eels, it has no place to take shelter. This is because its mind is impatient.

3. (figuratively) to kowtow; to show obedience to

Compounds

• 下跪 (xiàguì)
• 三跪九叩 (sānguìjiǔkòu)
• 單跪／单跪
• 打了半跪
• 打搶跪／打抢跪
• 拜跪
• 罰跪／罚跪
• 跪下 (guìxià)
• 跪乳
• 跪伏 (guìfú)
• 跪低
• 跪倒 (guìdǎo)
• 跪坐
• 跪墊／跪垫
• 跪拜 (guìbài)
• 跪毯
• 跪求 (guìqiú)
• 跪池
• 跪爬
• 跪舔 (guìtiǎn)
• 跪謝／跪谢 (guìxiè)
• 跪起
• 跪鎖子／跪锁子
• 跪門／跪门
• 長跪／长跪 (chángguì)

 

Japanese

Kanji

跪

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: ぎ (gi)^{←ぐゐ (gwi, historical)}
• Kan-on: き (ki)^{←くゐ (kwi, historical)}
• Kun: ひざまずく (hizamazuku, 跪く)

Korean

Hanja

跪 (eum 궤 (gwe))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

跪: Hán Nôm readings: quỵ

1. to kneel down; to fall on one's knees

Compounds

• 突跪 (đột quỵ)