花

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花 U+82B1, 花
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82B1
← 芰
[U+82B0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 芲 →
[U+82B2]
花 U+2F993, 花
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F993
← 劳
[U+2F992] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 芳 →
[U+2F994]

Translingual

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Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

[edit]
See images of 花
(radical 140 + 4)

花 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 7 strokes in simplified Chinese and Japanese, cangjie input 廿人心 (TOP), four-corner 44214, composition ⿱艹化)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1020, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30734
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1478, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3181, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+82B1

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 花
simp. # 花
alternative forms 華／华
蘤／花
芲
𠌶
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 花
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訛 *ŋʷaːl
吪 *ŋʷaːl
鈋 *ŋʷaːl
囮 *lu, *ŋʷaːl
魤 *ŋʷaːl
靴 *hʷa
貨 *hŋʷaːls
花 *hʷraː
化 *hŋʷraːls
杹 *hŋʷraːls
匕 *pilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hʷraː) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls). Originally 𠌶 or 華 before the Han dynasty.

Etymology

[edit]

Unclear. According to Schuessler (2007), either from:

華 (OC *ɡʷraː, “to flower”) is a derivative.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taiwan:
    • hoe - vernacular;
    • hoa - literary.
Note:
  • huê1 - vernacular;
  • hua1 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: hue1 / hua1
      • Sinological IPA: /huɛ³⁵/, /hua³⁵/
Note:
  • hue1 - vernacular;
  • hua1 - literary.
Note:
  • 1ho - vernacular;
  • 1hua - literary.
Rime
Character 花
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 麻 (99)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 呼瓜切
Baxter xwae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hˠua/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hʷᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xua/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hwaɨ/
Li
Rong 		/xua/
Wang
Li 		/xwa/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/xwa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		huā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		faa1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 花
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		huā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xwæ ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qʷʰˁra/
English flower (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 花
Reading # 1/1
No. 5326
Phonetic
component 		化
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		華
Old
Chinese 		/*hʷraː/
Notes 俗與華通用

Definitions

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花

  1. flower; blossom (Classifier: 朵 m c; 支 m c; 蕊 h mn; 束 m c; 把 m; 盆 m c; 簇 m; 紮／扎 c)
    太陽花／太阳花  ―  tàiyánghuā  ―  sunflower
    開花／开花  ―  kāihuā  ―  to blossom
  2. florid; flowery
    花花綠綠／花花绿绿  ―  huāhualǜlǜ  ―  colorful
  3. pattern; design
    花紋／花纹  ―  huāwén  ―  decorative pattern
  4. blurred
    眼花  ―  yǎnhuā  ―  to have blurred vision
  5. fireworks
    煙花／烟花  ―  yānhuā  ―  fireworks
  6. essence; cream
  7. wound; wounded
  8. Short for 天花 (tiānhuā, “smallpox”).
    種花／种花  ―  zhònghuā  ―  to vaccinate against smallpox
  9. courtesan; prostitute
  10. to spend (money, time, etc.); to cost
    這件衣服花了不到一百塊 [MSC, trad.]
    这件衣服花了不到一百块 [MSC, simp.]
    zhè jiàn yīfú huā le bùdào yībǎi kuài [Pinyin]
    This clothing cost less than 100 yuan.
  11. profligate
  12. (slang) randy; lecherous
  13. (slang) to be horny; to womanize
    儂又要去花儂個女朋友了是𠲎？ [Shanghainese, trad.]
    侬又要去花侬个女朋友了是𠲎？ [Shanghainese, simp.]
    From: 2007, 上海话大词典, page 52
    6non 6yeu 5iau 5chi 1ho 6non 8gheq 6gniu-baon-yeu 0leq 6zy-va [Wugniu]
    You're going to seduce your girlfriend again aren't you?
  14. false
  15. (Cantonese) scratched
    佢著咗呢對鞋兩個月就已經花嗮喇。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢着咗呢对鞋两个月就已经花嗮喇。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 zoek3 zo2 ni1 deoi3 haai4 loeng5 go3 jyut6 zau6 ji5 ging1 faa1 saai3 laa3. [Jyutping]
    He's worn the shoes for only two months and they're already all scratched up.
    個底花嗮／个底花嗮 [Cantonese]  ―  go3 dai2 faa1 saai3 [Jyutping]  ―  to have a bad record
  16. (Cantonese, of images, drawings, patterns, etc.) over-colorful; chaotic; messy
  17. (Cantonese, card games) flush
  18. (Hong Kong) pip (insignia) (Classifier: 粒 c)
  19. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to extinguish; to put out (of fire)
  20. (Quanzhou Hokkien) to disappear (of a scar)
  21. (dialectal Mandarin, Northern Wu) Clipping of 棉花 (“cotton”).
  22. (Shanghainese) to tease
    儂覅來花我了，我根本覅儂搿本書。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    侬覅来花我了，我根本覅侬搿本书。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    From: 2007, 上海话大词典, page 52
    6non 6viau 6le 1ho-ngu6-leq0 6ngu 1ken-pen5 6viau 6non 8geq-pen6 1sy [Wugniu]
    Stop teasing me, I didn't even want your book in the first place.
  23. a surname. Hua

Synonyms

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  • (flower):
Dialectal synonyms of 花朵 (“flower”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 花, 華
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 花朵, 花
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 花兒
Taiwan 花
Ulanhot 花兒
Tongliao 花兒
Chifeng 花兒
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 花兒
Shenyang 花
Singapore 花
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 花
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 花
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 花兒
Wanrong 花兒
Zhengzhou 花兒
Xi'an 花
Xining 花兒, 花
Xuzhou 花兒
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 花兒
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 花
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 花
Bayanhot 花兒
Lanzhou 花兒, 花
Ürümqi 花
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 花
Wuhan 花
Guiyang 花
Kunming 花
Guilin 花
Liuzhou 花
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 花
Yangzhou 花
Hefei 花
Cantonese Guangzhou 花
Hong Kong 花
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 花
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 花
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 花
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 花
Macau 花
Guangzhou (Panyu) 花
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 花
Guangzhou (Conghua) 花
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 花
Foshan 花
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 花
Foshan (Shunde) 花
Foshan (Sanshui) 花
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 花
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 花
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 花
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 花
Zhuhai (Doumen) 花
Jiangmen (Baisha) 花
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 花
Taishan 花
Kaiping (Chikan) 花
Enping (Niujiang) 花
Heshan (Yayao) 花
Dongguan 花
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 花
Shaoguan 花
Yunfu 花
Yangjiang 花
Xinyi 花
Lianjiang 花
Nanning 花
Wuzhou 花
Yulin 花
Hepu (Lianzhou) 花
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 花
Singapore (Guangfu) 花
Gan Nanchang 花
Lichuan 花
Pingxiang 花
Hakka Meixian 花
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 花
Dongguan (Qingxi) 花
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 花
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 花
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 花
Yudu 花
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 花
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 花
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 花
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 花
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 花
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 花
Hong Kong 花
Luchuan (Daqiao) 花
Senai (Huiyang) 花
Singkawang 花
Huizhou Jixi 花
Jin Taiyuan 花兒
Pingyao 花
Xinzhou 花兒
Taibus (Baochang) 花兒
Linhe 花
Jining 花兒
Hohhot 花兒
Baotou 花兒
Dongsheng 花兒
Haibowan 花兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 花
Eastern Min Fuzhou 花
Fuqing 花
Matsu 花
Southern Min Xiamen 花, 花蕊
Quanzhou 花, 花蕊
Zhangzhou 花, 花蕊
Taipei 花, 花蕊
Penang (Hokkien) 花
Singapore (Hokkien) 花
Manila (Hokkien) 花
Pingnan (Shangdu) 花
Chaozhou 花
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 花
Singapore (Teochew) 花
Leizhou 花
Haikou 花
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 花, 花朵
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 花
Shehua Fu'an 花
Fuding 花
Luoyuan 花
Sanming 花
Shunchang 花
Hua'an 花
Guixi (Zhangping) 花
Cangnan 花
Jingning (Hexi) 花
Lishui 花
Longyou 花
Chaozhou 花
Fengshun 花
Wu Shanghai 花
Shanghai (Chongming) 花
Suzhou 花
Hangzhou 花
Ningbo 花
Wenzhou 花
Jinhua 花
Xiang Changsha 花
Loudi 花
Shuangfeng 花
Quanzhou 花
  • (to spend time): (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) 使; (Hokkien, Teochew) 開／开
  • (cotton):
Dialectal synonyms of 棉花 (“cotton”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 棉花
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 棉花
Taiwan 棉花
Harbin 棉花
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 棉花
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 棉花
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 棉花, 花
Wanrong 棉花, 棉
Xi'an 棉花, 花
Xining 棉花
Xuzhou 棉花
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 棉花
Lanzhou 棉花
Ürümqi 棉花
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 棉花
Wuhan 棉花
Liuzhou 棉花
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 棉花
Yangzhou 棉花
Hefei 棉花
Cantonese Guangzhou 棉花
Hong Kong 棉花, 棉
Yangjiang 棉花
Gan Nanchang 棉花
Lichuan 棉花
Pingxiang 棉花
Hakka Meixian 棉花
Yudu 棉花
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 棉仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 棉仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 棉花, 棉仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 棉
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 棉仔
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) 棉仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 棉花
Huizhou Jixi 棉花
Jin Taiyuan 棉花
Xinzhou 棉花
Northern Min Jian'ou 棉花
Eastern Min Fuzhou 棉花, 棉
Southern Min Xiamen 棉花
Quanzhou 棉花
Zhangzhou 棉花
Tainan 棉仔
Chaozhou 棉花
Leizhou 棉
Haikou 棉花
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 棉花
Wu Shanghai 棉花, 花
Shanghai (Chongming) 棉花
Suzhou 棉花
Danyang 棉花
Hangzhou 棉花
Ningbo 棉花, 花
Wenzhou 棉花
Jinhua 棉花
Xiang Changsha 棉花
Loudi 棉花
Shuangfeng 棉花

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (花):
  • → Japanese: 花(か) (ka)
  • → Korean: 화(花) (hwa)
  • → Vietnamese: hoa (花)

Others:

References

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Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Shinjitai 花
Kyūjitai
花󠄁
花+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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花

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. flower
  2. beauty
  3. red-light district

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
花
はな
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
華

/pana/ → /fana/ → /hana/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pana.

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) はな [hànáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ha̠na̠]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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花(はな) • (hana) 

  1. a flower
    花(はな)が咲(さ)く頃(ごろ)
    hana ga saku goro
    when the flowers bloom
    • 1999 February 4, “火(か)炎(えん)草(そう) [Fire Grass]”, in Vol.1, Konami:
      火(か)山(ざん)の近(ちか)くに生(せい)息(そく)する草(くさ)。花(はな)から火(か)炎(えん)を吹(ふ)き攻(こう)撃(げき)する。
      Kazan no chikaku ni seisoku suru kusa. Hana kara kaen o fuki kōgeki suru.
      A grass that grows near volcanoes. It breathes fire from its flowers.
    • 1999 March 1, “ダーク・プラント [Dark Plant]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
      汚(お)染(せん)された土(つち)と闇(やみ)の力(ちから)で育(そだ)てられた花(はな)。とても凶(きょう)暴(ぼう)。
      Osen sareta tsuchi to yami no chikara de sodaterareta hana. Totemo kyōbō.
      A flower that grows from polluted soil and dark powers. It is very nasty.
    • 1999 May 25, “深(しん)淵(えん)に咲(さ)く花(はな) [The Flower That Blooms in the Abyss]”, in BOOSTER 2, Konami:
      光(ひかり)の届(とど)かない深(しん)淵(えん)にひっそりと咲(さ)く、あまり見(み)かけない花(はな)。
      Hikari no todokanai shin'en ni hissori to saku, amari mikakenai hana.
      A rarely seen flower that silently blooms in the depths of the abyss where the sun never shines.
    • 1999 July 5, “命(いのち)ある花(か)瓶(びん) [Living Vase]”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:
      生(い)けてある花(はな)から、花(か)粉(ふん)を飛(と)ばし噛(か)みついてくる生(い)きている花(か)瓶(びん)。
      Iketearu hana kara, kafun o tobashi kamitsuitekuru ikiteiru kabin.
      A living vase that bites and releases pollen from its living flowers.
  2. Short for 生け花 (ikebana): flower arrangement
  3. Short for 花札 (hanafuda): Japanese playing cards
  4. the best days of one's life
  5. the best thing
  6. essence
Compounds
[edit]
はな

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
花
か
Grade: 1
on'yomi

Affix

[edit]

花(か) • (ka) ←くわ (kwa)?

  1. flower
  2. red-light district
Compounds
[edit]
か

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Kikai

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Kanji

[edit]
花

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

[edit]

Cognate to Japanese 花 (はな, hana).

Noun

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花(ふぁな) (fana) 

  1. flower

References

[edit]
  • “ふぁな【花】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 花 (MC xwae).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 황 (Yale: hwà)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 곳 (Yale: kwòs) 화 (Yale: hwà)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

花 (eumhun 꽃 화 (kkot hwa))

  1. Hanja form? of 화 (“flower”). [affix]

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Kunigami

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
花

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

花(ぱなー) (phanā) 

  1. flower

Miyako

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
花

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

花(ぱな) (pana) 

  1. flower

Okinawan

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
花

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
花
はな
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

花(はな) (hana) 

  1. (Shuri, Naha) flower

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
花
ふぁな
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Noun

[edit]

花(ふぁな) (fana) 

  1. (Tancha) flower

References

[edit]
  • “ふぁな【花】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Tày

[edit]

Noun

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花 (hoa, hoà, và)

  1. Nôm form of hoa (“flower”).
    迕泣𫡱𫰇弍害花
    Ngộ chập soong noọng nhỉ hải hoa
    Meeting two beautiful girls picking flowers

References

[edit]
  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[5] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

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Han character

[edit]

花: Hán Việt readings: hoa (呼(hô)瓜(qua)切(thiết))[1][2][3], huê[3]
花: Nôm readings: hoa[1][2][3][4], huê[1][3][4], oa[1], ba[2]

  1. Chữ Hán form of hoa (“flower”).

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Yaeyama

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
花

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

花(ぱな) (pana) 

  1. flower

Yonaguni

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
花

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

花(はな) (hana) 

  1. はな: flower
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