濟
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Translingual
[edit]Traditional | 濟 |
---|---|
Shinjitai | 済 |
Simplified | 济 |
Han character
[edit]濟 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 水卜難 (EYX), four-corner 30123, composition ⿰氵齊)
Derived characters
[edit]Related characters
[edit]- 済 (Japanese shinjitai)
- 济 (Simplified Chinese)
Further reading
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 656, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18498
- Dae Jaweon: page 1066, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1771, character 12
- Unihan data for U+6FDF
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 濟 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 济 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
儕 | *zriːl |
麡 | *zriːl, *ʔsliːl, *zliːl |
齋 | *ʔsriːl |
穧 | *ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls |
擠 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
躋 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
齏 | *ʔsliːl |
齎 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔslil |
櫅 | *ʔsliːl |
齌 | *ʔsliːl, *sʰliːl, *zliːls |
隮 | *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls |
賷 | *ʔsliːl |
虀 | *ʔsliːl |
濟 | *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls |
癠 | *ʔsliːlʔ, *zliːl, *zliːlʔ, *zliːls |
霽 | *ʔsliːls |
齊 | *zliːl, *zliːls |
臍 | *zliːl |
蠐 | *zliːl, *zlil |
懠 | *zliːl, *zliːls |
薺 | *zliːlʔ, *zlil |
鱭 | *zliːlʔ |
嚌 | *zliːls |
劑 | *zliːls, *ʔslel |
齍 | *ʔslil |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).
Etymology 1
[edit]Austroasiatic. Base form, without nominal n-infix, of 西 (OC *snə̂i) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology.
津 (OC *ʔslin) is its n-nominalized derivative (ibid.).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zai3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chi
- Eastern Min (BUC): cá̤
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ci
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jì
- Wade–Giles: chi4
- Yale: jì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zai3
- Yale: jai
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzai3
- Guangdong Romanization: zei3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chi
- Hakka Romanization System: ji
- Hagfa Pinyim: ji4
- Sinological IPA: /t͡si⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cá̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑ²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tsejH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤ[i]j(ʔ)-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsliːls/
Definitions
[edit]濟
Compounds
[edit]- 不存不濟/不存不济
- 不存濟/不存济
- 不濟/不济 (bùjì)
- 不濟事/不济事
- 不經濟/不经济
- 不良事濟/不良事济
- 不通濟/不通济
- 以水濟水/以水济水
- 伯濟國/伯济国
- 低碳經濟/低碳经济 (dītàn jīngjì)
- 俵濟/俵济
- 假公濟私/假公济私 (jiǎgōngjìsī)
- 公私兩濟/公私两济
- 共濟一堂/共济一堂
- 兼濟/兼济
- 剛柔並濟/刚柔并济
- 剛柔相濟/刚柔相济 (gāngróuxiāngjì)
- 力濟九區/力济九区
- 功濟宇內/功济宇内
- 劫富濟貧/劫富济贫 (jiéfùjìpín)
- 匡俗濟時/匡俗济时
- 匡時濟世/匡时济世 (kuāngshíjìshì)
- 匡時濟俗/匡时济俗
- 匡濟/匡济 (kuāngjì)
- 匡濟之才/匡济之才
- 博愛濟群/博爱济群
- 博施濟眾/博施济众
- 博濟醫院/博济医院
- 史瓦濟蘭同惡相濟/史瓦济兰同恶相济
- 同濟/同济 (tóngjì)
- 同舟共濟/同舟共济 (tóngzhōugòngjì)
- 同舟而濟/同舟而济
- 同船濟水/同船济水
- 周濟/周济 (zhōujì)
- 和衷共濟/和衷共济 (hézhōnggòngjì)
- 命運兩濟/命运两济
- 失業救濟/失业救济
- 存濟/存济
- 安濟坊/安济坊
- 寬猛相濟/宽猛相济
- 幹濟/干济
- 康濟/康济
- 康濟錄/康济录
- 得濟/得济
- 恩威並濟/恩威并济
- 慈濟大學/慈济大学
- 懸壺濟世/悬壶济世 (xuánhújìshì)
- 才能幹濟/才能干济
- 扶傾濟弱/扶倾济弱
- 扶危濟困/扶危济困
- 拔刀相濟/拔刀相济
- 拔濟/拔济
- 拔濟火宅/拔济火宅
- 拯溺濟危/拯溺济危
- 振貧濟乏/振贫济乏
- 捐軀濟難/捐躯济难
- 接濟/接济 (jiējì)
- 撥亂濟危/拨乱济危
- 撥亂濟時/拨乱济时
- 救濟/救济 (jiùjì)
- 救濟金/救济金 (jiùjìjīn)
- 救濟院/救济院
- 文武兼濟/文武兼济
- 斐濟/斐济 (Fěijì)
- 方濟谷派/方济谷派
- 於事無濟/于事无济
- 時運不濟/时运不济 (shíyùnbùjì)
- 普濟寺/普济寺
- 普濟眾生/普济众生
- 普濟群生/普济群生
- 本事不濟/本事不济
- 永濟渠/永济渠
- 津濟/津济
- 濟世/济世 (jìshì)
- 濟世之才/济世之才
- 濟世匡時/济世匡时
- 濟世安人/济世安人
- 濟世安民/济世安民
- 濟世安邦/济世安邦
- 濟世愛民/济世爱民
- 濟世救人/济世救人
- 濟世經邦/济世经邦
- 濟事/济事 (jìshì)
- 濟人/济人
- 濟人利物/济人利物
- 濟公傳/济公传
- 濟公活佛/济公活佛
- 濟助/济助
- 濟勝之具/济胜之具
- 濟困扶危/济困扶危
- 濟寒賑貧/济寒赈贫
- 濟州/济州 (Jìzhōu)
- 濟度/济度
- 濟弱扶傾/济弱扶倾
- 濟弱扶危/济弱扶危
- 濟弱鋤強/济弱锄强
- 濟急/济急
- 濟惡/济恶
- 濟惠/济惠
- 濟拔/济拔
- 濟時拯世/济时拯世
- 濟時行道/济时行道
- 濟河焚舟/济河焚舟
- 濟渡/济渡
- 濟生/济生
- 濟美/济美
- 濟苦憐貧/济苦怜贫
- 濟貧/济贫 (jìpín)
- 濟貧拔苦/济贫拔苦
- 濟顛/济颠
- 災害救濟/灾害救济
- 無存濟/无存济
- 無濟於事/无济于事 (wújìyúshì)
- 無濟無主/无济无主
- 爛不濟/烂不济
- 痊濟/痊济
- 百濟/百济 (Bǎijì)
- 相濟/相济 (xiāngjì)
- 社會救濟/社会救济
- 經世濟民/经世济民 (jīngshìjìmín)
- 經國濟民/经国济民
- 經濟/经济 (jīngjì)
- 經綸濟世/经纶济世
- 緩不濟急/缓不济急 (huǎnbùjìjí)
- 緩急相濟/缓急相济
- 自力救濟/自力救济 (zìlì jiùjì)
- 蔣濟/蒋济
- 行政救濟/行政救济
- 表裡相濟/表里相济
- 賑濟/赈济 (zhènjì)
- 賑窮濟乏/赈穷济乏
- 賙濟/赒济 (zhōujì)
- 通濟渠/通济渠
- 道濟/道济
- 道濟天下/道济天下
- 開濟/开济
- 難存濟/难存济
- 額濟納河/额济纳河
- 額爾濟斯河/额尔济斯河
- 養濟/养济
- 養濟院/养济院
- 首尾共濟/首尾共济
- 鳳毛濟美/凤毛济美
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
- Wade–Giles: chi3
- Yale: jǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zai2
- Yale: jái
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzai2
- Guangdong Romanization: zei2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐi̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: tsejX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤ[i]jʔ/, /*[ts]ˤəjʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsliːlʔ/
Definitions
[edit]濟
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]trad. | 濟 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 济 | |
alternative forms |
Yue-Hashimoto (1976) relates it to Proto-Tai *ʰlaːjᴬ (“many; much”), whence Zhuang lai. This Tai word is probably related to 多 (OC *ʔl'aːl) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Northern Min (KCR): cāi
- Eastern Min (BUC): sâ̤
- Southern Min
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cāi
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sai⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sâ̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɑ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Philippines, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē
- Tâi-lô: tsē
- Phofsit Daibuun: ze
- IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡se³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se²²/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǒe
- Tâi-lô: tsuě
- IPA (Lukang): /t͡sue³³/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chēre
- Tâi-lô: tserē
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zoi7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsōi
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡soi¹¹/
Definitions
[edit]濟
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “濟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02354
- The template Template:R:nan:thcwda does not use the parameter(s):
1=305
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.“(#)”, in 臺灣閩南語按呢寫[2], Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2013. - “Entry #12239”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
- 劉建仁 (2012 April 29) “濟•多(tse⊦/tsue⊦)──多”, in 台灣話的語源與理據 (in Chinese), retrieved 2016-08-21
Japanese
[edit]済 | |
濟 |
Kanji
[edit]濟
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 済)
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]- “to help; etc.”
From Middle Chinese 濟 (MC tsejH).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 졩〮 (Yale: cyéy?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 거느〮릴〯 졔〯 / 건널〮 졔〯 | Recorded as Middle Korean 졔〯 (cyěy) (Yale: cyěy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527. |
Early Modern Korean | ||
Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 건널 졔 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 졔 (Yale: cyey) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
- “many”
From Middle Chinese 濟 (MC tsejX).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | Recorded as Middle Korean 졩〯 (Yale: cyěy?) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. | |
Early Modern Korean | ||
Text | Final (韻) | Reading |
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 | 셩ᄒᆞᆯ 졔 | Recorded as Early Modern Korean 졔 (Yale: cyey) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804. |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕe̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [제(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]- hanja form? of 제 (“to help; to aid; to relieve”)
- (literary) hanja form? of 제 (“to cross a river”)
- (literary) hanja form? of 제 (“many”)
- 제제 (濟濟) ― jeje ― (of people) many
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]濟: Hán Việt readings: tế (
濟: Nôm readings: tế[1][3][5]
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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