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柱

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
柱 U+67F1, 柱
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67F1
← 柰
[U+67F0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 柲 →
[U+67F2]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
Japan

Han character

[edit]

柱 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木卜土 (DYG), four-corner 40914, composition ⿰木主)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 520, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14660
  • Dae Jaweon: page 908, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1188, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+67F1

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 柱

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (主) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
飳 *tʰoːʔ
妵 *tʰoːʔ
黈 *tʰoːʔ
蘣 *tʰoːʔ
罜 *doːɡ, *tjos
拄 *toʔ
柱 *toʔ, *doʔ
駐 *tos
註 *tos, *tjos
鉒 *tos
軴 *tos
住 *tos, *dos
跓 *doʔ
嵀 *doʔ
主 *tjoʔ
麈 *tjoʔ
宔 *tjoʔ
炷 *tjoʔ, *tjos
注 *tjos
疰 *tjos
蛀 *tjos
霔 *tjos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toʔ, *doʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ).

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duːŋ (“post; column”) (STEDT). Cognate with 拄 (OC *toʔ, “to support”), as well as Proto-Kuki-Chin *tuŋ-I, *tun-II (“to erect; post; vertical”), Proto-Central Naga *tuŋ (“stem; trunk; post; tree”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • tiū - vernacular;
  • cṳ̀ - literary.
Note:
  • têu - vernacular;
  • cê̤ṳ - literary.
Note:
  • thiāu/thiǎu - vernacular;
  • tū/tǔ, chū/chǔ - literary.
Note:
  • tiao6 - Shantou;
  • tiou6 - Chaozhou.
Note:
  • jy5 - vernacular;
  • jy4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 柱
    Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
    Harbin /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
    Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
    /t͡su⁵³/
    Jinan /ʈ͡ʂu²¹/
    Qingdao /tʃu⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂu³¹²/
    Xi'an /p͡fu⁴⁴/
    Xining /ʈ͡ʂv̩²¹³/
    Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂu¹³/
    Lanzhou /p͡fu¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕy³⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡su¹³/
    Guiyang /t͡su²¹³/
    Kunming /ʈ͡ʂu²¹²/
    Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂu⁴⁴/
    Hefei /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡su⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /t͡sz̩ʷ³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡su⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
    Suzhou /zz̩ʷ³¹/
    Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷ¹³/
    Wenzhou /d͡zz̩³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
    /t͡ɕy¹¹/
    Xiangtan /d͡ʑy²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰu⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /tʃʰu²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰy²³/
    Nanning /t͡sʰy²⁴/
    Hong Kong /t͡sʰy¹³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡su²²/
    /tʰiau²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰiɛu²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tʰiu⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /tʰiau³⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /tu³³/
    /hiau³³/
    Rime
    Character 柱
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
    Final (韻) 虞 (24)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 直主切
    Baxter drjuX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɖɨoX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɖioX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȡioX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɖuə̆X/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȡioX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȡĭuX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ȡʱi̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhù
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zyu6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 柱
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zhù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ drjuX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m-t<r>oʔ/
    English pillar

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 柱
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 17614
    Phonetic
    component         		主
    Rime
    group         		侯
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		柱
    Old
    Chinese         		/*doʔ/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    柱

    1. pillar; post; column (Classifier: 條／条 c)
    2. column-shaped thing
    3. (music) bridge (on a string instrument, such as a guzheng)
    4. (Hong Kong Cantonese) flats of the same layout on different floors
    5. † to stand tall and erect
    6. † stiff
    7. a surname
    Synonyms
    [edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 柱子 (“pillar; column”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 柱子
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 柱子
    Taiwan 柱子
    Harbin 柱子
    Singapore 柱
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 柱子
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 柱子
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 柱子
    Wanrong 柱腳
    Zhengzhou 頂樑柱
    Xi'an 柱子
    Xining 柱子
    Xuzhou 柱子
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 柱子
    Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 柱子
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 柱子
    Lanzhou 柱子
    Ürümqi 柱子
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 柱頭, 柱子
    Wuhan 柱頭
    Guiyang 柱子
    Guilin 柱子
    Liuzhou 柱子
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 柱子
    Yangzhou 柱子
    Hefei 柱子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 柱
    Hong Kong 柱, 柱頭 construction
    Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 柱
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 柱
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 柱
    Kaiping (Chikan) 柱
    Dongguan 柱
    Yangjiang 柱
    Nanning 柱
    Wuzhou 柱
    Yulin 柱
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 柱, 磚柱
    Danzhou 棟
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 柱頭
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 柱
    Gan Nanchang 柱頭
    Lichuan 柱頭
    Pingxiang 屋柱
    Hakka Meixian 柱仔, 柱頓
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 柱
    Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 柱頓
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 柱哩
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 柱哩, 柱頓
    Wuhua (Changbu) 柱哩
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 柱頭
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 柱
    Liannan 柱
    Jiexi 柱
    Changting 屋柱
    Ninghua 屋柱
    Hong Kong 柱
    Luchuan 柱
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 磚柱
    Sabah (Longchuan) 柱仔, 柱頭
    Singkawang 柱頭
    Huizhou Jixi 柱, 屋柱, 柱腳
    Jin Taiyuan 柱子
    Xinzhou 柱子
    Hohhot 柱子
    Northern Min Jian'ou 柱
    Songxi 柱
    Jianyang 柱
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 柱
    Fuqing 柱
    Gutian 柱
    Ningde 柱
    Zhouning 柱
    Fuding 柱
    Southern Min Xiamen 柱, 柱仔
    Quanzhou 柱, 柱仔
    Yongchun 柱
    Zhangzhou 柱, 柱仔
    Dongshan 柱
    Taipei 柱
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 柱仔
    Kaohsiung 柱仔
    Yilan 柱仔
    Taichung 柱仔
    Tainan 柱
    Hsinchu 柱仔
    Kinmen 柱
    Penghu (Magong) 柱
    Longyan 柱
    Datian 柱
    Chaozhou 柱
    Shantou 柱
    Bangkok (Teochew) 柱
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 柱
    Leizhou 柱
    Wenchang 柱
    Haikou 柱
    Puxian Min Putian 柱
    Central Min Yong'an 柱
    Sanming (Shaxian) 柱
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 柱, 稜柱
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 柱蔸, 柱頭
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 柱
    Shehua Fu'an 樹棟
    Fuding 棟
    Luoyuan 棟
    Sanming 棟
    Shunchang 樹棟
    Hua'an 柱
    Guixi (Zhangping) 樹棟
    Cangnan 樑棟
    Jingning (Hexi) 樹棟
    Lishui 樹棟
    Longyou 樹棟
    Chaozhou 柱
    Fengshun 柱
    Wu Shanghai 柱子, 柱, 柱頭 dated
    Shanghai (Chongming) 柱頭
    Suzhou 庭柱
    Wuxi 柱, 柱子
    Danyang 柱棵, 柱子
    Hangzhou 柱子, 房柱, 庭柱
    Ningbo 柱子, 屋柱
    Wenzhou 棟柱, 柱
    Jinhua 柱, 屋柱
    Jinhua (Tangxi) 屋柱
    Xiang Changsha 柱子, 傘柱
    Xiangtan 傘柱
    Loudi 傘柱
    Shuangfeng 柱子, 傘柱
    Quanzhou 柱頭

    Compounds

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    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “same word as 拄?”)

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    Rime
    Character 柱
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 知 (9)
    Final (韻) 虞 (24)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 知庾切
    Baxter trjuX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʈɨoX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʈioX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȶioX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʈuə̆X/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȶioX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȶĭuX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ȶi̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhǔ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zyu2
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 柱
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 17608
    Phonetic
    component         		主
    Rime
    group         		侯
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		拄
    Old
    Chinese         		/*toʔ/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    柱

    1. † to support; to lean on
    2. † to block; to obstruct

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    Rime
    Character 柱
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 知 (9)
    Final (韻) 虞 (24)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 知庾切
    Baxter trjuX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʈɨoX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʈioX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȶioX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʈuə̆X/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȶioX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȶĭuX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ȶi̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zhǔ
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		zyu2
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 柱
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 17608
    Phonetic
    component         		主
    Rime
    group         		侯
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		拄
    Old
    Chinese         		/*toʔ/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    柱

    1. Only used in 柱夫.

    Japanese

    [edit]
    Shinjitai 柱
    Kyūjitai
    [1][2][3]
    柱󠄁
    柱+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    柱󠄃
    柱+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji

    [edit]
    柱

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. pillar
    2. (geometry) prism, cylinder

    Readings

    [edit]

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    柱
    はしら
    Grade: 3
    kun'yomi

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pasira or *parira. Cognate with Okinawan 柱 (hāya).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    柱(はしら) • (hashira) 

    1. pillar
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Counter

    [edit]

    柱(はしら) • (-hashira) 

    1. gods, spirits, worshipped entity.
    2. spirit tablets, cremation remains.

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    柱
    ちゅう
    Grade: 3
    kan'on

    Suffix

    [edit]

    柱(ちゅう) • (-chū) ←ちゆう (-tyuu)?

    1. (geometry) prism, cylinder
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “柱”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
    2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1122 (paper), page 612 (digital)
    3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 677 (paper), page 351 (digital)
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Middle Chinese 柱 (MC drjuX). Recorded as Middle Korean 듀〮 (tyú) (Yale: tyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja

    [edit]
    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    柱 (eumhun 기둥 주 (gidung ju))

    1. hanja form? of 주 (“pillar”)

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Compounds

    References

    [edit]
    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese

    [edit]

    Han character

    [edit]

    柱: Hán Nôm readings: trụ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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