射

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射 U+5C04, 射
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C04
← 尃
[U+5C03] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 尅 →
[U+5C05]

Translingual

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Han character

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射 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹木戈 (HHDI), four-corner 24200, composition ⿰身寸)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 294, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7434
  • Dae Jaweon: page 582, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 506, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+5C04

Chinese

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trad. 射
simp. # 射
alternative forms 䠶
𢎤
𨉛
𨈡

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 射
Shang Western Zhou
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (射) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
謝 *ljaːɡs
榭 *ljaːɡs
射 *ɢljaːɡs, *laːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ, *laːɡ
麝 *ɢljaːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 弓 (“bow”) + 矢 (“arrow”) – to shoot a bow. In the bronze inscriptions, a hand (又) drawing the bowstring was added. Hence, a conservative variant is 𢎤.

Later the bow and arrow on the left became 身 before or during the clerical script period, and the hand came to be written 寸.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/b/m-la-j (“bow, arrow”); cognate with Tibetan མདའ (mda', “arrow”), Burmese မြား (mra:, “arrow”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2013).

Pronunciation 1

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 射
Mandarin Beijing /ʂɤ⁵¹/
Harbin /ʂɤ⁵³/
Tianjin /ʂɤ⁵³/
/sɤ⁵³/
Jinan /ʂə²¹/
Qingdao /ʃə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩ɛ³¹²/
Xi'an /ʂɤ⁴⁴/
Xining /ʐɛ⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʂə¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂə¹³/
Ürümqi /ʂɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /sɤ³⁵/
Chengdu /se¹³/
Guiyang /sɛ²¹³/
Kunming /ʂə²¹²/
Nanjing /ʂəʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂe⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /sɤ⁴⁵/
Pingyao /ʂʐ̩e̞³⁵/
Hohhot /sɤ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zoʔ¹/
/zo²³/
Suzhou /zo³¹/
/zoʔ³/
Hangzhou /zz̩ʷei¹³/
Wenzhou /zei²²/
Hui Shexian /ɕie²²/
/ɕia²²/
Tunxi /ɕia¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂə⁵⁵/
/ʂa⁵⁵/ ～石头
Xiangtan /ʂɒ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɑ²¹/
Hakka Meixian /sa⁵³/
Taoyuan /ʃɑ⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɛ²²/
Nanning /sɛ²²/
Hong Kong /sɛ²²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sia²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sia²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ia⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /sia³¹/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tia²³/
Rime
Character 射
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 神夜切
Baxter zyaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʑiaH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʑiaH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʑiaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʑiaH/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ʑiaH/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ʑĭaH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡ʑʰi̯aH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		se6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 射
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zyæH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.lAk-s/
English shoot; archer

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 射
Reading # 1/4
No. 11223
Phonetic
component 		射
Rime
group 		暮
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		射
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢljaːɡs/

Definitions

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射

  1. to shoot (an arrow); to fire
  2. to launch; to eject; to project
  3. to emit; to radiate
  4. to guess
  5. to allude to
  6. to seek; to pursue
  7. (colloquial) to ejaculate
  8. † archery

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 射
Reading # 4/4
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 昔 (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 食亦切
Baxter zyek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʑiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʑiæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʑiajk̚/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡ʑʰi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 射
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zyek ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.lAk/
English hit with bow and arrow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 射
Reading # 3/4
No. 11226
Phonetic
component 		射
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		麝
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢljaːɡ/

Definitions

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射

  1. † to hit with bow and arrow

Pronunciation 3

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Rime
Character 射
Reading # 1/4
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羊謝切
Baxter yaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiaH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiaH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jiaH/
Li
Rong 		/iaH/
Wang
Li 		/jĭaH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯aH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		je6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 射
Reading # 2/4
No. 11225
Phonetic
component 		射
Rime
group 		暮
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		夜
Old
Chinese 		/*laːɡs/

Definitions

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射

  1. Used in 射干 (yègān).
  2. Used in 僕射／仆射 (púyè).
  3. Used in 姑射.

Compounds

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Pronunciation 4

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Rime
Character 射
Reading # 3/4
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 昔 (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羊益切
Baxter yek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jiajk̚/
Li
Rong 		/iɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/jĭɛk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jik6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 射
Reading # 4/4
No. 11228
Phonetic
component 		射
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		繹
Old
Chinese 		/*laːɡ/

Definitions

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射

  1. Used in 無射／无射.
  2. † Alternative form of 斁／𭣧 (“to detest; to be weary of”)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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射

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. shoot
  2. archery

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 射 (MC zyaeH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

射 (eumhun 쏠 사 (ssol sa))

  1. hanja form? of 사 (“to shoot”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 射 (MC zyek).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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射 (eumhun 맞힐 석 (machil seok))

  1. (literary) hanja form? of 석 (“to hit with bow and arrow”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 3

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From Middle Chinese 射 (MC yaeH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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射 (eumhun 벼슬 이름 야 (byeoseul ireum ya))

  1. (historical) hanja form? of 야 (“title of an official”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 4

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From Middle Chinese 射 (MC yek).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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射 (eumhun 음률(音律) 역)

  1. hanja form? of 역 (“eleventh note of the Shí-èr-lǜ musical scale”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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射: Hán Nôm readings: xạ, dạ, dịch

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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