壹

See also: 一, 壱, and 弌

壹 U+58F9, 壹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58F9 ← 壸 [U+58F8] CJK Unified Ideographs 壺 → [U+58FA]

Translingual

Japanese	壱
Simplified	壹
Traditional	壹

Han character

壹 (Kangxi radical 33, 士+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土月一廿 (GBMT), four-corner 4010₈, composition ⿳士冖豆)

Derived characters

• 𠍼, 噎, 㙪, 嬄, 㦉, 撎, 潱, 𤡬, 曀, 𪳮, 殪, 𤏈, 𦠉, 𪾼, 䊦, 𧬇(𬤞), 豷, 𧴒, 𮚢, 𬬅, 𮧑, 饐(𮩞), 𩻭, 𪆖, 𡬗
• 亄, 𰄿, 𭕀, 㱅, 𧯸, 皼, 𭐚, 㦤, 𡄻, 𡤜, 𫯈, 懿, 𭐛, 𪤴, 𮙙, 鷧(𱊦), 𧰝, 𧹌, 𭅮, 𨶮(𨸌), 𪭁, 𫻢, 𢦁, 𢦆

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 243, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5661
• Dae Jaweon: page 483, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 467, character 10
• Unihan data for U+58F9

Chinese

simp. and trad.		壹
alternative forms		壱 㚃 夁 𡕍 𡔾 壱 㚃 夁 𡕍 𡔾 𡔹 𡕋

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 壹
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (壹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
曀	*qiːɡs
殪	*qiːɡs
豷	*qiːɡs, *qʰʷriɡs
懿	*qriɡs
饐	*qriɡs
鷧	*qriɡs
撎	*qriɡs
亄	*qriɡs, *qriɡ
噎	*qiːɡ
壹	*qlid

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlid) : semantic 壺 + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid). (Shuowen)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yī (yi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jat¹ / jik¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chi̍t / it
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷iq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yī
    • Zhuyin: ㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yi
    • Wade–Giles: i¹
    • Yale: yī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: i
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jat¹ / jik¹
    • Yale: yāt / yīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jat⁷ / jik⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: yed¹ / yig¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐt̚⁵/, /jɪk̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍t / it
    • Tâi-lô: tsi̍t / it
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cit, id
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚⁴/, /it̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚²⁴/, /it̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚¹²¹/, /it̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sit̚⁴/, /it̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚⁴/, /it̚³²/

Note:

• chi̍t - colloquial;
• it - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷iq
    • MiniDict: ih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴iq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /iɪʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'jit

Rime
Character	壹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於悉切
Baxter	'jit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔjet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔit̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiĕt̚/
Wang Li	/ĭĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jat1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔi[t]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qlid/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	壹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yī
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjit ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔi[t]/
English	one
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壹
Reading #	1/1
No.	14852
Phonetic component	壹
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	一
Old Chinese	/*qlid/
Notes	說文吉聲實懿省文加吉聲

Definitions

壹

1. (Classical) faithful; committed

   • 以懲不壹。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     以惩不壹。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Yǐ chéng bù yī. [Pinyin]

     To punish those not loyal.

   • 居身儉而用心壹。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     居身俭而用心壹。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Jū shēn jiǎn ér yòng xīn yī. [Pinyin]

     [He] lives [his] body in frugality and uses [his] heart committedly.

2. (financial) one, variant of 一

   • 壹發五豝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     壹发五豝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yī fā wǔ bā. [Pinyin]

     One shot, five sows.

Compounds

• 不壹
• 壹岐 (Yīqí)
• 壹鬱／壹郁
• 民心不壹
• 禮先壹飯／礼先壹饭
• 莫衷壹是
• 誠壹／诚壹

 

See also

Chinese numbers
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	102	103	104	106	108	1012
Normal (小寫／小写)	〇, 零, 空	一, 蜀	二, 兩／两	三	四	五	六	七	八	九	十	百	千	萬／万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)	百萬／百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines)	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial (大寫／大写)	零	壹	貳／贰	參／叁	肆	伍	陸／陆	柒	捌	玖	拾	佰	仟

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00834
• “壹”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Entry #2”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Shinjitai	壱
Kyūjitai	壹

Kanji

壹

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 壱)

1. Kyūjitai form of 壱 (number one)

Readings

• Go-on: いち (ichi)
• Kan-on: いつ (itsu)
• Kun: ひとつ (hitotsu, 壹つ)
• Nanori: い (i)

Korean

Hanja

壹 (eumhun 한 일 (han il))

1. one

Vietnamese

Han character

壹: Hán Nôm readings: nhất, nhứt

1. one