[go: up one dir, main page]
Jump to content

入

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 人 [U+4EBA CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EBA], 𠆢 [U+201A2 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-201A2], 八 [U+516B CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-516B], ㅅ [U+3145 HANGUL LETTER SIOS], ג [U+05D2 HEBREW LETTER GIMEL], and λ [U+03BB GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA]
入 U+5165, 入
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5165
← 兤
[U+5164] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兦 →
[U+5166]
⼊ U+2F0A, ⼊
KANGXI RADICAL ENTER
← ⼉
[U+2F09] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼋ →
[U+2F0B]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

Translingual

[edit]
Traditional 入
Simplified 入
Japanese 入
Korean 入
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]
See images of
Radical 11 入

入 (Kangxi radical 11, 入+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 人竹 (OH), four-corner 80000, composition ⿹乀丿)

  1. Kangxi radical #11, ⼊.

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 125, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 266, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 102, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5165

Further reading

[edit]

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 入
simp. # 入

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 入
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j13031
j13032
j13033
j13034
j13035
j13036
j13037
j13038
j13039
j13040
j13041
j13042
j13043
j13044
j13045
j13046
j13047
j13048
j13049
j13050
j13051
j13052
j13053
j13054
j13055
j13056
j13057
j13058
j13059
j13060
j13061
j13063
j13064
j13065
j13066
j13067
j13068
j13069
j13070
j13071
j13072
j13073
j13074
j13075
j13076
j13077
j13078
j13079
j13080
j13081
j13082
j13083
j13084
j13085
j13086
j13087
j13088
j13089
j13090
j13091
j13092
j13093
j13094
j13095
j13096
j13097
j13098
j13099
j13100
j13101
j13102
j13103
j13104
j13105
j13106
j13107
j13108
j13109
j13110
j13111
j13112
j13113
j13114
j13115
j13116
j13117
j13118
j13119
j13120
j13121
j13122
j13123
j13124
j13125
b08057
b08058
b08059
b08060
b08061
b08062
b08063
b08064
b08065
b08066
b08067
b08068
b08069
b08070
b08071
b08072
b08073
b08074
b08075
b08076
s03777
Transcribed ancient scripts
L38521
L38522
L29087
L29088
L29089
L29090
L29091
L29092
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogram (指事) - an arrowhead indicating "to enter".

Compare 人 (rén).

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nup ~ nip. Cognate with Tibetan ནུབ (nub, “to fall (gradually), sink, to set; to decay, to decline”) and Burmese နိပ် (nip, “to decline (e.g. price); to be suppressed, to settle, to be quelled”).

Chinese characters belonging to the same word family include:

  • 納 (OC *nuːb, “to make enter”)
  • 內 (OC *nuːbs, “inside”)
  • 軜 (OC *nuːb, “reins on the inside of the horse”)
  • 妠 (OC *nuːms, *nuːb, *rnoːd, “to marry (a girl)”)
  • 躡 (OC *neb, “to tiptoe, tread”)
  • 攝 (OC *neːb, *ʔnjeb, “to take in, photograph, grasp”)
  • 鑷 (OC *neb, “tweezers, forceps”)
  • and potentially Cantonese 擸 (laap3, “to bring together, to collect”)

The regular Mandarin pronunciation as predicted from Middle Chinese is rì. The irregular sound change is for taboo reasons - to avoid homophony with its derived vulgar meaning "to enter > to have sexual intercourse", nowadays represented by 日 (rì).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • ĭk - literary;
  • nĭk - vernacular.
Note: lia̍k - colloquial (“to enter”).
Note: rig8 - Chenghai.
Note:
  • 8zeq - literary;
  • 8gniq - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 入
Mandarin Beijing /ʐu⁵¹/
Harbin /lu⁵³/
/ʐu⁵³/
Tianjin /iu⁵³/
/ʐu⁵³/
Jinan /lu²¹/
Qingdao /y⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐu²⁴/
Xi'an /vu²¹/
Xining /v̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʐu¹³/
Lanzhou /vu¹³/
Ürümqi /ʐu²¹³/
/vu²¹³/
Wuhan /y²¹³/
Chengdu /zu³¹/
Guiyang /zu²¹/
Kunming /ʐu³¹/
Nanjing /ʐuʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʐuəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zuəʔ²/ 出～
/zəʔ²/ ～怪
Pingyao /zuʌʔ⁵³/
/zz̩ʷ⁵³/ 伸
Hohhot /ʐuəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
Suzhou /zəʔ³/
Hangzhou /zəʔ²/
Wenzhou /zai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /y²²/
Tunxi /ie¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /y²⁴/
Xiangtan /y²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /lɨʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋip̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ŋip̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jɐp̚²/
Nanning /jɐp̚²²/
Hong Kong /jɐp̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lip̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /niʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ni⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /zip̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zip̚⁵/
/zip̚³/
Rime
Character 入
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 緝 (141)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 人執切
Baxter nyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵip̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵip̚/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiəp̚/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭĕp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		rì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jap6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 入
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		rù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyip ›
Old
Chinese 		/*n[u]p/
English enter

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 入
Reading # 1/1
No. 10885
Phonetic
component 		入
Rime
group 		緝
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		入
Old
Chinese 		/*njub/

Definitions

[edit]

入

  1. to enter; to go into
    入嚟坐啦！ [Cantonese]  ―  jap6 lai4 co5 laa1! [Jyutping]  ―  Come in and sit!
    入春  ―  rùchūn  ―  to enter into spring
    病從口入，禍從口出 [MSC, trad.]
    病从口入，祸从口出 [MSC, simp.]
    bìng cóng kǒu rù, huò cóng kǒu chū [Pinyin]
    illness comes in via the mouth because of food and trouble goes out via the mouth because of words
    Synonym: 進／进 (jìn)
    Antonym: 出 (chū)
  2. to join; to become a member of
    加入  ―  jiārù  ―  to join
    入黨／入党  ―  rùdǎng  ―  to join a political party
  3. (literary) to accept; to admit
  4. (literary) to pay
  5. income
    收入  ―  shōurù  ―  income
    歲入／岁入  ―  suìrù  ―  annual income
  6. to confirm; to agree
    入情入理  ―  rùqíngrùlǐ  ―  to be fair and reasonable
  7. to arrive (at); to attain
  8. (literary) to enter the imperial government and become an official
  9. (telephony) to get through
    Synonym: 通
  10. (Cantonese) in; inside
    Antonym: 出 (Cantonese)
    入面 [Cantonese]  ―  jap6 min6 [Jyutping]  ―  inside
  11. (Cantonese) to stock up on
  12. (Cantonese) to submit
    入表 [Cantonese]  ―  jap6 biu2 [Jyutping]  ―  to submit a form to the government
  13. (Cantonese) to input; to enter; to type into a computer
    入分 [Cantonese]  ―  jap6 fan1 [Jyutping]  ―  to input scores
    入資料／入资料 [Cantonese]  ―  jap6 zi1 liu6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to enter data
  14. (Cantonese, Hokkien) to put something into
    入信封 [Cantonese]  ―  jap6 seon3 fung1 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    入袋 [Cantonese]  ―  jap6 doi6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  15. (literary, dialectal Mandarin, dialectal Wu, vulgar) to fuck; to have sexual intercourse
    Synonym: 日
  16. (Chinese phonetics) Short for 入聲／入声 (rùshēng, “the checked tone”).
    陽入／阳入  ―  yángrù  ―  light checked tone
  17. (retail, usually after a number and optional classifier) piece (inside packaging); n-pack
    10入  ―  10 rù  ―  10-pack
    100枚入  ―  100 méi rù  ―  100 pieces
    6罐入  ―  6 guàn rù  ―  6 cans pack
    10入/盒,5元/入  ―  10 rù / hé, 5 yuán / rù  ―  10 pieces per box, 5 yuan per piece

Synonyms

[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 進 (“to enter”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 入
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 進
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 進
Taiwan 進
Malaysia 進
Singapore 進
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 進
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 進
Wanrong 進
Xi'an 進
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 進
Ürümqi 進
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 進
Guiyang 進
Guilin 進
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 進
Cantonese Guangzhou 入
Hong Kong 入
Taishan 入
Dongguan 入
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 入
Singapore (Guangfu) 入
Gan Lichuan 進
Hakka Meixian 入
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 落, 入
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 入, 落
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 落, 入
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 入, 落
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 落, 入
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 入
Huizhou Jixi 進
Jin Xinzhou 進
Northern Min Jian'ou 裡
Eastern Min Fuzhou 裡
Matsu 裡
Singapore (Fuqing) 裡
Southern Min Xiamen 入
Quanzhou 入
Zhangzhou 入
Zhao'an 入
Tainan 入
Penang (Hokkien) 入
Singapore (Hokkien) 入
Manila (Hokkien) 入
Shantou 入
Jieyang 入
Singapore (Teochew) 入
Leizhou 入
Wenchang 入
Haikou 入
Singapore (Hainanese) 入
Wu Shanghai 進
Danyang 進
Jinhua 進

See also

[edit]
The tones (of Chinese) in Mandarin · 聲調／声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
平仄 (píngzè) 平 (píng)
平聲／平声 (píngshēng) 		仄 (zè)
仄聲／仄声 (zèshēng)
平上去入 (píngshǎngqùrù)
四聲／四声 (sìshēng) 		平 (píng)
平聲／平声 (píngshēng) 		上 (shǎng)
上聲／上声 (shǎngshēng) 		去 (qù)
去聲／去声 (qùshēng) 		入 (rù)
入聲／入声 (rùshēng)
標調方法／标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ)
標調法／标调法 		四角標調法／四角标调法 ꜀◌ ꜂◌ ◌꜄ ◌꜆
[Term?] ◌〪 ◌〫 ◌〬 ◌〭
傍點／傍点 ∅ ◌〮 ◌〯 ∅
四聲八調／四声八调 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng) 陽平／阳平 (yángpíng) 陰上／阴上 (yīnshǎng) 陽上／阳上 (yángshǎng) 陰去／阴去 (yīnqù) 陽去／阳去 (yángqù) 陰入／阴入 (yīnrù) 陽入／阳入 (yángrù)
陰／阴 (yīn) 陽／阳 (yáng)
標調方法／标调方法 (biāodiào fāngfǎ)
標調法／标调法 		四角標調法／四角标调法 ꜀◌ ꜁◌ ꜂◌ ꜃◌ ◌꜄ ◌꜅ ◌꜆ ◌꜇
The tones (of Standard Mandarin) in Mandarin · 聲調／声调 (shēngdiào) (layout · text)
四聲／四声 (sìshēng) 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng)
一聲／一声 		陽平／阳平 (yángpíng)
二聲／二声 (èrshēng) 		上聲／上声 (shǎngshēng)
三聲／三声 (sānshēng) 		去聲／去声 (qùshēng)
四聲／四声 (sìshēng) 		輕聲／轻声 (qīngshēng)

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
入

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. to enter
  2. to insert

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
入
い(り)
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

The 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 入(い)る (iru, “to go in, to be in”)..[1][2][3][4]

Attested as a standalone noun since the early 1200s.[2]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

入(いり) • (iri) 

  1. [from early 1200s] entering, going in
  2. [from 1693] setting, such as a sunset or moonset (from the idea of the sun or moon going into the horizon)
  3. [from 1441] the beginning or first day of a period of time
  4. [date unclear] income, takings
    Synonym: 収入 (shūnyū)
  5. [from 1774] a subtotal or portion of some larger payment amount
    Synonym: 内金 (uchikin)
  6. [from 1929] an expense, an amount needed
  7. [from 1675] the amount of people or things that fit into a space: capacity; admission, admittance
    Synonyms: 容量 (yōryō, capacity), 入場者数 (nyūjō shasū, admission, number of people who have entered)
  8. [date uncertain] "on" switch, the "on" position for a switch
    Antonym: 切 (kiri)

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
入
しお
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Counter

[edit]

入(しお) • (-shio) 

  1. (archaic) counter for soakings (of fabric in a dye)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 “入”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 入 (MC nyip).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

入 (eumhun 들 입 (deul ip))

  1. hanja form? of 입 (“enter”)
  2. hanja form? of 입 (“come in (to); join”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

入: Hán Việt readings: nhập[1][2][3]
入: Nôm readings: nhập[2][3], nhạp[3][4], nhấp[1], nhắp[1], vào[1], nhép[3], nhẹp[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of nhập (“to enter; to join”).

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Hồ (1976).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=入&oldid=81426663"