丘墟

Chinese

		mound; hill; Confucius mound; hill; Confucius; given name	old burial grounds
trad. (丘墟)		丘	墟
simp. #(丘墟)		丘	墟
alternative forms		丘虛／丘虚 邱墟

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiūxū

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄡ ㄒㄩ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau¹ heoi¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiūxū
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡ ㄒㄩ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciousyu
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiu¹-hsü¹
    • Yale: chyōu-syū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chioushiu
    • Palladius: цюсюй (cjusjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕy⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jau¹ heoi¹
    • Yale: yāu hēui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹ hoey¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹ hêu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵ hɵy̯⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: khjuw khjo

Rime
Character	丘	墟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	去鳩切	去魚切
Baxter	khjuw	khjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨu/	/kʰɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiu/	/kʰiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiəu/	/kʰiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuw/	/kʰɨə̆/
Li Rong	/kʰiu/	/kʰiɔ/
Wang Li	/kʰĭəu/	/kʰĭo/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ə̯u/	/kʰi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiū	qū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hau1	heoi1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰə  C.qʰ(r)a/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷɯ  kʰa/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丘	墟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiū	xū
Middle Chinese	‹ khjuw ›	‹ khjo ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷʰə/	/*C.qʰ(r)a/
English	hill, mound	hill, mound; abandoned city
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丘	墟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	10523	5255
Phonetic component	丘	虍
Rime group	之	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	丘	虚
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷɯ/	/*kʰa/
Notes		同虛

Noun

丘墟

1. (literary) wasteland; ruins

   • 紂殺親戚、不聽諫者，國為丘墟，遂危社稷。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     纣杀亲戚、不听谏者，国为丘墟，遂危社稷。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Zhòu shā qīnqī, bù tīng jiàn zhě, guó wéi qiūxū, suì wēi shèjì. [Pinyin]

     Zhou had his relatives killed, did not listen to admonitions; his state was falling into ruin, therefore endangering the altars of the soil and grains.

2. (literary) grave; tomb

Adjective

丘墟

1. (literary) ruined; dilapidated; desolate

   • 嗚呼！勝地不常，盛筵難再；蘭亭已矣，梓澤丘墟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     呜呼！胜地不常，盛筵难再；兰亭已矣，梓泽丘墟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 7th century, 王勃 (Wang Bo), 滕王閣序

     Wūhū! Shèngdì bùcháng, shèngyán nán zài; Lántíng yǐ yǐ, Zǐzé qiūxū. [Pinyin]

     Alas, those famous sites cannot be eternal, and splendid banquet may be hard to find again. The site of Lanting Banquet is gone, Shi Cong's magnificent Zize is dilapidated.