耳

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See also: 目
耳 U+8033, 耳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8033
← 耲
[U+8032] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 耴 →
[U+8034]
⽿ U+2F7F, ⽿
KANGXI RADICAL EAR
← ⽾
[U+2F7E] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾀ →
[U+2F80]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
6 strokes
Stroke order
(Chinese)
Stroke order
(Japan)

Alternative forms

[edit]

When part of a compound character, particularly as the left radical, the bottom horizontal stroke may not cross at bottom right. This is a script variant, found for example in Japanese 聴.

Han character

[edit]
See images of
Radical 128 耳

耳 (Kangxi radical 128, 耳+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 尸十 (SJ), four-corner 10400)

  1. Kangxi radical #128, ⽿.

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 965, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28999
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1413, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2783, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8033


Chinese

[edit]
trad. 耳
simp. # 耳
2nd round simp. ⿻二⿰丨丨

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 耳
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (耳) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
佴 *nɯːs, *njɯs
麛 *miː
弭 *mniʔ
渳 *mniʔ
葞 *mniʔ
髶 *njis, *njoŋ
聻 *nɯʔ
恥 *n̥ʰɯʔ
咡 *njɯ, *njɯs
誀 *njɯ, *njɯs
耳 *njɯʔ
洱 *njɯʔ, *njɯs
駬 *njɯʔ
餌 *njɯs
珥 *njɯs
衈 *njɯs
毦 *njɯs
刵 *njɯs
眲 *njɯs, *rnɯːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – an ear.

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g-na (“ear”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: ngi2 - variant pronunciation.
Note:
  • ngê - vernacular;
  • ngī - literary.
Note:
  • hi5 - vernacular;
  • zi3 - literary.
Note:
  • hī/hǐ/hīⁿ/nǐ - vernacular;
  • ní/jí/jíⁿ - literary.
Note:
  • hin6 - vernacular;
  • re2 - literary.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: hi6 / lu5
      • Sinological IPA: /hi³³/, /lu²²/
Note:
  • hi6 - vernacular;
  • lu5 - literary.
Note:
  • 3nyi - vernacular;
  • 3hher - literary.
Rime
Character 耳
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 而止切
Baxter nyiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵɨX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵɨX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵɨX/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiəX/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ěr
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ji5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 耳
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ěr
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyiX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.nəʔ/
English ear

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 耳
Reading # 1/1
No. 2783
Phonetic
component 		耳
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		耳
Old
Chinese 		/*njɯʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

耳

  1. ear
    耳聾／耳聋  ―  ěrlóng  ―  deaf
  2. ear-like object
    木耳  ―  mù'ěr  ―  wood ear; black fungus
  3. something on both sides
    耳房  ―  ěrfáng  ―  penthouse
    耳門／耳门  ―  ěrmén  ―  side door
  4. handle on both sides of an object
  5. (obsolete) to hear; to hear of
  6. a surname
  7. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien, figurative) something that can be used to coerce or threaten someone
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 耳朵 (“ear”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 耳
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 耳朵
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 耳朵, 耳頭
Taiwan 耳朵
Langfang 耳頭
Chengde 耳朵
Ulanhot 耳朵
Tongliao 耳朵
Chifeng 耳朵
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 耳朵
Heihe 耳朵
Qiqihar 耳頭
Harbin 耳朵
Jiamusi 耳朵
Baicheng 耳朵
Changchun 耳頭
Tonghua 耳頭
Shenyang 耳朵, 耳朵丫子
Jinzhou 耳朵
Malaysia 耳朵
Singapore 耳朵
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 耳頭
Tangshan 耳頭
Cangzhou 耳朵
Baoding 耳道
Shijiazhuang 耳朵
Lijin 耳朵
Jinan 耳朵
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 耳朵
Dandong 耳朵
Yantai 耳朵
Yantai (Muping) 耳朵
Qingdao 耳朵
Zhucheng 耳朵
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 耳道
Lingbao 耳朵
Jining 耳朵
Daming 耳子兒
Wanrong 耳朵
Linfen 耳朵
Shangqiu 耳朵
Yuanyang 耳朵
Zhengzhou 耳朵
Kaifeng 耳朵
Xinyang 耳朵
Baihe 耳朵
Xi'an 耳朵
Baoji 耳朵
Yanchi 耳朵
Guyuan 耳刮子
Longde 耳刮子
Jingyuan 耳朵
Tianshui 耳朵
Xining 耳朵
Xuzhou 耳朵
Fuyang 耳朵
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 耳朵, 耳刮子
Wuzhong 耳朵
Zhongwei 耳朵扇子
Bayanhot 耳朵
Lanzhou 耳朵
Dunhuang 耳朵, 耳瓜子
Hami 耳朵
Ürümqi 耳朵, 耳瓜子, 耳朵瓜子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 耳朵
Nanchong 耳朵
Dazhou 耳朵
Hanyuan 耳朵
Xichang 耳朵
Zigong 耳朵
Chongqing 耳朵
Wuhan 耳凍
Yichang 耳朵
Xiangyang 耳朵
Tianmen 耳朵
Guiyang 耳朵
Zunyi 耳朵
Bijie 耳朵
Liping 耳朵
Zhaotong 耳朵
Dali 耳朵
Kunming 耳朵
Mengzi 耳朵
Guilin 耳朵
Liuzhou 耳朵
Jishou 耳朵
Changde 耳朵
Hanzhong 耳朵
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 耳朵
Yangzhou 耳頭, 耳朵
Lianyungang 耳朵
Lianshui 耳朵
Xinghua 耳頭, 耳朵
Nantong 耳頭, 耳朵
Anqing 耳朵
Wuhu 耳朵
Hefei 耳道
Hong'an 耳朵
Mandarin Nanping (Yanping) 耳朵
Cantonese Guangzhou 耳仔
Hong Kong 耳仔, 耳
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 耳仔, 耳吉
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 耳仔
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 耳吉
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 耳吉
Macau 耳仔
Guangzhou (Panyu) 耳仔
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 耳仔
Guangzhou (Conghua) 耳仔
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 耳吉
Foshan 耳仔
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 耳仔
Foshan (Shunde) 耳仔
Foshan (Sanshui) 耳仔
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 耳仔
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 耳仔
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 耳仔
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 耳仔
Zhuhai (Doumen) 耳仔
Jiangmen (Baisha) 耳仔
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 耳仔
Taishan 耳仔, 耳
Kaiping (Chikan) 耳仔
Enping (Niujiang) 耳仔
Heshan (Yayao) 耳
Dongguan 耳吉
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 耳吉
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 耳吉
Qingyuan 耳仔
Fogang 耳
Yingde (Hanguang) 耳朵
Yangshan 耳仔
Lianshan (Butian) 耳朵
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 耳
Shaoguan 耳仔, 耳朵
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 耳仔, 耳朵
Renhua 耳朵
Lechang 耳朵, 耳仔
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 耳仔
Sihui 耳仔
Guangning 耳仔
Deqing 耳
Huaiji 耳仔
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 耳
Yunfu 耳仔
Xinxing 耳仔
Luoding 耳仔
Yunan (Pingtai) 耳
Yangjiang 耳仔, 耳
Xinyi 耳砣
Maoming (Xinpo) 耳仔
Lianjiang 耳仔
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 耳爹
Nanning 耳朵, 耳仔
Wuzhou 耳朵, 耳仔
Yulin 耳鬼
Hepu (Lianzhou) 耳朵
Guiping 耳朵
Mengshan (Xihe) 耳朵
Guigang (Nanjiang) 耳朵
Beiliu (Tangliao) 耳朵
Baise 耳鬼
Bobai 耳朵
Lingshan 耳朵
Pubei 耳朵
Qinzhou 耳朵
Ningming 耳朵
Hengzhou 耳朵
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 耳朵
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 耳仔
Singapore (Guangfu) 耳仔
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 耳仔
Yangon (Taishan) 耳仔
Mandalay (Taishan) 耳
Gan Nanchang 耳朵
Lichuan 耳朵
Pingxiang 耳朵
Jianning 耳朵
Taining 耳朵
Hakka Meixian 耳公
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 耳朵
Huiyang 耳公
Dongguan (Qingxi) 耳吉
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 耳吉
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 耳公
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 耳公
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 耳公
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 耳公
Wuhua (Huacheng) 耳公
Wuhua (Changbu) 耳公, 耳朵
Wuhua (Mianyang) 耳公
Heyuan (Bendihua) 耳吉
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 耳公
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 耳公
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 耳公
Wengyuan 耳朵
Liannan 耳朵
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 耳朵
Jiexi 耳空
Luhe 耳公
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 耳窟
Changting 耳朵
Longyan (Yongding) 耳朵
Longyan (Xiayang, Yongding) 耳公
Longyan (Gaobei, Yongding) 耳骨
Longyan (Hukeng, Yongding) 耳公
Wuping 耳朵公, 耳朵
Wuping (Zhongshan) 耳朵公
Wuping (Yanqian) 耳腦, 耳公
Liancheng 耳公
Liancheng (Peitian) 耳公, 耳刀
Liancheng (Juxi) 耳公
Liancheng (Zhongbao) 耳公
Liancheng (Laiyuan) 耳空
Ninghua 耳朵
Yudu 耳朵
Ningdu 耳朵
Tonggu (Sandu) 耳朵
Ganzhou (Panlong) 耳朵
Dayu 耳朵
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 耳公
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 耳公
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 耳空
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 耳公
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 耳空, 耳窟仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 耳子
Hong Kong 耳公, 耳仔
Yangxi (Tangkou) 耳
Yangchun (Sanjia) 耳朵
Xinyi (Sihe) 耳仔
Xinyi (Qianpai) 耳朵
Gaozhou (Xindong) 耳, 耳公
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 耳
Huazhou (Xin'an) 耳朵
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 耳朵
Lianjiang (Qingping) 耳朵
Mengshan (Xihe) 耳朵
Luchuan 耳朵
Luchuan (Daqiao) 耳朵
Beiliu (Tang'an) 耳朵
Mashan (Pianlian) 耳朵
Sabah (Longchuan) 耳吉, 耳朵
Senai (Huiyang) 耳公
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 耳公
Singkawang 耳空
Singapore (Meixian) 耳公
Singapore (Dabu) 耳公
Bangkok (Meixian) 耳公
Bangkok (Fengshun) 耳公
Huizhou Jixi 耳朵
Shexian 耳朵
Huangshan (Tunxi) 耳朵
Jin Taiyuan 耳朵
Yangyuan 耳朵
Datong 耳朵
Xinzhou 耳朵
Lüliang (Lishi) 耳朵
Changzhi 耳朵
Taibus (Baochang) 耳朵
Linhe 耳朵
Jining 耳朵
Hohhot 耳朵
Baotou 耳朵
Dongsheng 耳朵
Haibowan 耳朵
Erenhot 耳朵
Pingshan 耳朵
Zhangjiakou 耳朵
Handan 耳朵
Linzhou 耳朵
Suide 耳朵
Northern Min Jian'ou 耳仔, 耳川
Jian'ou (Dikou) 耳, 耳朵, 耳仔
Songxi 耳朵
Zhenghe 耳朵, 耳
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 耳朵
Jianyang 耳仔, 耳
Jianyang (Huangkeng) 耳窟
Wuyishan 耳仔
Pucheng (Shibei) 耳朵
Eastern Min Fuzhou 耳囝, 耳
Fuzhou (Changle) 耳
Fuqing 耳囝, 耳
Yongtai 耳囝
Gutian 耳囝
Fu'an 耳栳
Ningde 耳囝
Shouning 耳栳
Zhouning 耳栳
Fuding 耳栳
Matsu 耳
Southern Min Xiamen 耳仔, 耳空
Xiamen (Tong'an) 耳空
Quanzhou 耳仔, 耳空
Jinjiang 耳仔
Zhangzhou 耳仔, 耳空
Zhao'an 耳仔, 耳空
Taipei 耳仔
New Taipei (Sanxia) 耳仔
Kaohsiung 耳仔
Yilan 耳仔
Changhua (Lukang) 耳仔
Taichung 耳仔
Taichung (Wuqi) 耳仔
Tainan 耳仔
Taitung 耳仔
Hsinchu 耳仔
Kinmen 耳
Penghu (Magong) 耳仔
Penang (Hokkien) 耳空, 耳仔, 耳
Singapore (Hokkien) 耳空, 耳仔
Manila (Hokkien) 耳仔
Longyan 耳空
Zhangping 耳空
Zhangping (Yongfu) 耳空
Datian 耳仔
Pingnan (Shangdu) 耳朵
Pingnan (Sijie) 耳仔
Pingle (Zhoutang) 耳仔
Lechang (Tatou) 耳仔
Yingde (Yuzui) 耳仔
Yunan (Liantan) 耳仔, 耳
Chaozhou 耳
Shantou 耳
Shantou (Chenghai) 耳
Jieyang 耳
Haifeng 耳
Bangkok (Teochew) 耳
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 耳
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 耳
Singapore (Teochew) 耳, 耳空
Leizhou 耳
Wenchang 耳
Haikou 耳
Singapore (Hainanese) 耳
Puxian Min Putian 耳空
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 耳空
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 耳空, 耳囝
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 耳空
Xianyou 耳空, 耳囝
Xianyou (Fengting) 耳囝
Xianyou (Youyang) 耳囝, 耳空
Fuding (Aoyao) 耳朵
Central Min Yong'an 耳仔
Sanming (Sanyuan) 耳仔
Sanming (Shaxian) 耳仔
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 耳窟
Guangze 耳窟
Jiangle 耳窟
Mingxi 耳窟
Shunchang 耳窟
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 耳囝
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 耳囝
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 耳朵, 耳
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 耳朵
Wu Shanghai 耳朵
Shanghai (Chongming) 耳朵
Suzhou 耳朵, 耳朵管
Danyang 耳朵
Hangzhou 耳朵
Ningbo 耳朵
Wenzhou 耳朵
Jinhua 耳朵
Xiang Changsha 耳朵
Loudi 耳朵
Shuangfeng 耳凍
Quanzhou 耳朵

Etymology 2

[edit]

According to Pulleyblank (1995), a contraction of 而已 (OC *njɯ lɯʔ).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 耳
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 而止切
Baxter nyiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵɨX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵɨX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵɨX/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiəX/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ěr
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ji5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 耳
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ěr
Middle
Chinese 		‹ nyiX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*nəʔ/
English =⽽而已 “that’s all”

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 耳
Reading # 1/1
No. 2783
Phonetic
component 		耳
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		耳
Old
Chinese 		/*njɯʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

耳

  1. (literary) Phrase-final particle: merely; only; that's all
Synonyms
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

耳

  1. Only used in 耳孫／耳孙 (réngsūn).

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • “耳”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • “Entry #2604”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “耳”, in 莆仙方言大词典 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 263.
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “耳”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
耳

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: に (ni)
  • Kan-on: じ (ji, Jōyō)
  • Kun: みみ (mimi, 耳, Jōyō)、のみ (nomi, 耳)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
耳
みみ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
  • ⟨mi1mi1⟩ → */mimi/ → /mimi/

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *mimi.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

耳(みみ) • (mimi) 

  1. ear; ears
    耳(みみ)が痒(かゆ)いのです。
    Mimi ga kayui no desu.
    My ear is itchy.
  2. crust (of bread)
  3. selvedge (woven edge of a bolt of fabric)

Derived terms

[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
耳
のみ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 耳 – see the following entry.
【のみ】
[particle] only, limited to
[adverb] alone
[adverb] merely
Alternative spellings
而已, 已
(This term, 耳, is an alternative spelling (archaic) of the above term.)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ “耳”, in 日本国語大辞典‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 耳 (MC nyiX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᅀᅵᆼ〯 (Yale: zǐ)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 귀〮 (Yale: kwúy) ᅀᅵ〯 (Yale: zǐ)

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [i(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [이(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

耳 (eumhun 귀 이 (gwi i))

  1. hanja form? of 이 (“ear”) [affix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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耳

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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From Proto-Ryukyuan *mimi, from Proto-Japonic *mimi. Cognate with mainland Japanese 耳 (mimi).

Noun

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耳(みん) (min) 

  1. ear

Vietnamese

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Han character

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耳: Hán Nôm readings: nhĩ, nhải, nhãi

  1. chữ Hán form of nhĩ (“ear”).

Compounds

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