kaikua
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Finnish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *kaikudak.
Pronunciation
Verb
kaikua
- (intransitive) to echo, reverberate
Conjugation
Inflection of kaikua (Kotus type 52*D/sanoa, k-∅ gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaiun | en kaiu | 1st sing. | olen kaikunut | en ole kaikunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaiut | et kaiu | 2nd sing. | olet kaikunut | et ole kaikunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaikuu | ei kaiu | 3rd sing. | on kaikunut | ei ole kaikunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaiumme | emme kaiu | 1st plur. | olemme kaikuneet | emme ole kaikuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaiutte | ette kaiu | 2nd plur. | olette kaikuneet | ette ole kaikuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaikuvat | eivät kaiu | 3rd plur. | ovat kaikuneet | eivät ole kaikuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaiutaan | ei kaiuta | passive | on kaiuttu | ei ole kaiuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaiuin | en kaikunut | 1st sing. | olin kaikunut | en ollut kaikunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaiuit | et kaikunut | 2nd sing. | olit kaikunut | et ollut kaikunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaikui | ei kaikunut | 3rd sing. | oli kaikunut | ei ollut kaikunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaiuimme | emme kaikuneet | 1st plur. | olimme kaikuneet | emme olleet kaikuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaiuitte | ette kaikuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte kaikuneet | ette olleet kaikuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaikuivat | eivät kaikuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat kaikuneet | eivät olleet kaikuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaiuttiin | ei kaiuttu | passive | oli kaiuttu | ei ollut kaiuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaikuisin | en kaikuisi | 1st sing. | olisin kaikunut | en olisi kaikunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaikuisit | et kaikuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit kaikunut | et olisi kaikunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaikuisi | ei kaikuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi kaikunut | ei olisi kaikunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaikuisimme | emme kaikuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme kaikuneet | emme olisi kaikuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaikuisitte | ette kaikuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte kaikuneet | ette olisi kaikuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaikuisivat | eivät kaikuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat kaikuneet | eivät olisi kaikuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaiuttaisiin | ei kaiuttaisi | passive | olisi kaiuttu | ei olisi kaiuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaiu | älä kaiu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaikukoon | älköön kaikuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon kaikunut | älköön olko kaikunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaikukaamme | älkäämme kaikuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaikukaa | älkää kaikuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaikukoot | älkööt kaikuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot kaikuneet | älkööt olko kaikuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaiuttakoon | älköön kaiuttako | passive | olkoon kaiuttu | älköön olko kaiuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | kaikunen | en kaikune | 1st sing. | lienen kaikunut | en liene kaikunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | kaikunet | et kaikune | 2nd sing. | lienet kaikunut | et liene kaikunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | kaikunee | ei kaikune | 3rd sing. | lienee kaikunut | ei liene kaikunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | kaikunemme | emme kaikune | 1st plur. | lienemme kaikuneet | emme liene kaikuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | kaikunette | ette kaikune | 2nd plur. | lienette kaikuneet | ette liene kaikuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | kaikunevat | eivät kaikune | 3rd plur. | lienevät kaikuneet | eivät liene kaikuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | kaiuttaneen | ei kaiuttane | passive | lienee kaiuttu | ei liene kaiuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | kaikua | present | kaikuva | kaiuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | kaikunut | kaiuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | kaikuessa | kaiuttaessa | agent4 | kaikuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | kaikumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kaikuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | kaikumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | kaikumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | kaikumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | kaikumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | kaikumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | kaikuman | kaiuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | kaikuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
nouns
phrases
verbs
Further reading
- “kaikua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Noun
kaikua
Anagrams
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kaikudak. Cognates include Finnish kaikua and Estonian kaikuda.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkɑi̯kuɑ/, [ˈkɑi̯ko̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkɑi̯kuɑ/, [ˈkɑi̯kuɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑi̯koː, -ɑi̯kuɑ
- Hyphenation: kai‧ku‧a
Verb
kaikua
- (intransitive) to echo
- Lauloimma möö laululoja, a meri kaikui. ― We were singing songs, and the sea was echoing.
Conjugation
Conjugation of kaikua (type 1/ampua, ik-j gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kajun | en kaju | 1st singular | oon kaikunt, oon kaikunut | en oo kaikunt, en oo kaikunut |
2nd singular | kajut | et kaju | 2nd singular | oot kaikunt, oot kaikunut | et oo kaikunt, et oo kaikunut |
3rd singular | kaikuu | ei kaju | 3rd singular | ono kaikunt, ono kaikunut | ei oo kaikunt, ei oo kaikunut |
1st plural | kajumma | emmä kaju | 1st plural | oomma kaikuneet | emmä oo kaikuneet |
2nd plural | kajutta | että kaju | 2nd plural | ootta kaikuneet | että oo kaikuneet |
3rd plural | kaikuut1), kaikuvat2), kajutaa | evät kaju, ei kajuta | 3rd plural | ovat kaikuneet | evät oo kaikuneet, ei oo kajuttu |
impersonal | kajutaa | ei kajuta | impersonal | ono kajuttu | ei oo kajuttu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kajuin | en kaikunt, en kaikunut | 1st singular | olin kaikunt, olin kaikunut | en olt kaikunt, en olt kaikunut |
2nd singular | kajuit | et kaikunt, et kaikunut | 2nd singular | olit kaikunt, olit kaikunut | et olt kaikunt, et olt kaikunut |
3rd singular | kaikui | ei kaikunt, ei kaikunut | 3rd singular | oli kaikunt, oli kaikunut | ei olt kaikunt, ei olt kaikunut |
1st plural | kajuimma | emmä kaikuneet | 1st plural | olimma kaikuneet | emmä olleet kaikuneet |
2nd plural | kajuitta | että kaikuneet | 2nd plural | olitta kaikuneet | että olleet kaikuneet |
3rd plural | kaikuit1), kaikuivat2), kajuttii | evät kaikuneet, ei kajuttu | 3rd plural | olivat kaikuneet | evät olleet kaikuneet, ei olt kajuttu |
impersonal | kajuttii | ei kajuttu | impersonal | oli kajuttu | ei olt kajuttu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | kaikuisin | en kaikuis | 1st singular | olisin kaikunt, olisin kaikunut | en olis kaikunt, en olis kaikunut |
2nd singular | kaikuisit, kaikuist1) | et kaikuis | 2nd singular | olisit kaikunt, olisit kaikunut | et olis kaikunt, et olis kaikunut |
3rd singular | kaikuis | ei kaikuis | 3rd singular | olis kaikunt, olis kaikunut | ei olis kaikunt, ei olis kaikunut |
1st plural | kaikuisimma | emmä kaikuis | 1st plural | olisimma kaikuneet | emmä olis kaikuneet |
2nd plural | kaikuisitta | että kaikuis | 2nd plural | olisitta kaikuneet | että olis kaikuneet |
3rd plural | kaikuisiit1), kaikuisivat2), kajuttais | evät kaikuis, ei kajuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat kaikuneet | evät olis kaikuneet, ei olis kajuttu |
impersonal | kajuttais | ei kajuttais | impersonal | olis kajuttu | ei olis kajuttu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | kaju | elä kaju | 2nd singular | oo kaikunt, oo kaikunut | elä oo kaikunt, elä oo kaikunut |
3rd singular | kaikukoo | elköö kaikuko | 3rd singular | olkoo kaikunt, olkoo kaikunut | elköö olko kaikunt, elköö olko kaikunut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | kaikukaa | elkää kaikuko | 2nd plural | olkaa kaikuneet | elkää olko kaikuneet |
3rd plural | kaikukoot | elkööt kaikuko, elköö kajuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot kaikuneet | elkööt olko kaikuneet, elköö olko kajuttu |
impersonal | kajuttakkoo | elköö kajuttako | impersonal | olkoo kajuttu | elköö olko kajuttu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | kaikunen | en kaikune | |||
2nd singular | kaikunet | et kaikune | |||
3rd singular | kaikunoo | ei kaikune | |||
1st plural | kaikunemma | emmä kaikune | |||
2nd plural | kaikunetta | että kaikune | |||
3rd plural | kaikunoot | evät kaikune, ei kajuttane | |||
impersonal | kajuttannoo | ei kajuttane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | kaikua | present | kaikuva | kajuttava | |
2nd | inessive | kaikujees | past | kaikunt, kaikunut | kajuttu |
instructive | kaikuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (kaikukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | kaikumaa | |||
inessive | kaikumaas | ||||
elative | kaikumast | ||||
abessive | kaikumata | ||||
4th | nominative | kaikumiin | |||
partitive | kaikumista, kaikumist |
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 123
Categories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑikuɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑikuɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish intransitive verbs
- Finnish sanoa-type verbs
- Finnish non-lemma forms
- Finnish noun forms
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑi̯koː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑi̯koː/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑi̯kuɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑi̯kuɑ/3 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian verbs
- Ingrian intransitive verbs
- Ingrian terms with usage examples