[go: up one dir, main page]

Jump to content

1557

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
August 27: Battle of St. Quentin
1557 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1557
MDLVII
Ab urbe condita2310
Armenian calendar1006
ԹՎ ՌԶ
Assyrian calendar6307
Balinese saka calendar1478–1479
Bengali calendar964
Berber calendar2507
English Regnal yearPh. & M. – 4 Ph. & M.
Buddhist calendar2101
Burmese calendar919
Byzantine calendar7065–7066
Chinese calendar丙辰年 (Fire Dragon)
4254 or 4047
    — to —
丁巳年 (Fire Snake)
4255 or 4048
Coptic calendar1273–1274
Discordian calendar2723
Ethiopian calendar1549–1550
Hebrew calendar5317–5318
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1613–1614
 - Shaka Samvat1478–1479
 - Kali Yuga4657–4658
Holocene calendar11557
Igbo calendar557–558
Iranian calendar935–936
Islamic calendar964–965
Japanese calendarKōji 3
(弘治3年)
Javanese calendar1476–1477
Julian calendar1557
MDLVII
Korean calendar3890
Minguo calendar355 before ROC
民前355年
Nanakshahi calendar89
Thai solar calendar2099–2100
Tibetan calendar阳火龙年
(male Fire-Dragon)
1683 or 1302 or 530
    — to —
阴火蛇年
(female Fire-Snake)
1684 or 1303 or 531


Year 1557 (MDLVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

[edit]
The first known equation, equivalent to 14x+15=71 in modern syntax.


January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

Births

[edit]
Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor

Deaths

[edit]
John III of Portugal
Jacques Cartier
Emperor Go-Nara of Japan

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Levati, Luigi Maria. Dogi biennali di Genova dal 1528 al 1699 (in Italian). Tip. Marchese & Campora.
  2. ^ Haan, Bertrand (2010). Une paix pour l'éternité: La négociation du traité du Cateau-Cambrésis. Madrid: Casa de Velázquez. pp. 37–60.
  3. ^ U Thaw Kaung. "Accounts of King Bayinnaung's Life and Hanthawady Hsinbyu-myashin Ayedawbon, a Record of his Campaigns". Chulalongkorn University. Retrieved February 25, 2009.
  4. ^ U Thaw Kaung, Aspects of Myanmar History and Culture (Gangaw Myaing, 2010) pp.106-110
  5. ^ a b Heininen, Simo; Heikkilä, Markku (2002). Kirchengeschichte Finnlands (in German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 70. ISBN 3-525-55444-3.
  6. ^ Turnbull, Stephen R. (2005). Kawanakajima 1553-64: Samurai Power Struggle. Praeger Publishers. pp. 47–48. ISBN 978-0-275-98868-5. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  7. ^ Revista católica de la Diócesis de Cuenca (Ecuador) (in Spanish). Imprenta del Clero. 1920. p. 472. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  8. ^ a b c Thomas Stafford, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, accessed 17 January 2010
  9. ^ Knight, Charles, ed. (1844), "Stationers' Company", London, vol. 6, London: C. Knight & Co.
  10. ^ Carrara, Mauro (1996). Signori e Principi di Piombino (in Italian). Bandecchi & Vivaldi. pp. 22–23.
  11. ^ Tratado de Londres (1557)
  12. ^ Garrisson, Janine (June 14, 1995). A History of Sixteenth Century France, 1483-1598: Renaissance, Reformation and Rebellion. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-349-24020-3. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  13. ^ The Dictionary of National Biography. H. Milford. 1922. p. 151. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  14. ^ a b "Foxe’s Marian Martyrs", by Thomas S. Freeman, JohnFoxe.org
  15. ^ Morens, David M.; Taubenberger, Jeffery K. (June 2011). "Pandemic influenza: certain uncertainties". Reviews in Medical Virology. 21 (5): 262–284. doi:10.1002/rmv.689. PMC 3246071. PMID 21706672.
  16. ^ Mallett, Michael; Shaw, Christine (2012). The Italian Wars, 1494–1559. Pearson Education. p. 280.
  17. ^ Robert Jean Knecht, The Rise and Fall of Renaissance France: 1483-1610 (Blackwell, 2001) p.241
  18. ^ R. C. Majumdar, ed., The Mughul Empire (Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 2007) pp.106-107
  19. ^ Fontane, Theodor (1872). Aus den Tagen der Occupation: eine Osterreise durch Nordfrankreich und Elsass-Lothringen 1871 (in German). Decker. pp. 31–32. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  20. ^ a b "Wormer Religionsgespräch". apothekenmuseum (in German). Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  21. ^ Müller, Gerhard; Krause, Gerhard (1996). Theologische Realenzyklopädie (in German). De Gruyter. p. 452. ISBN 978-3-11-015155-8. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  22. ^ Pattenden, Miles (2013). Pius IV and the Fall of The Carafa: Nepotism and Papal Authority in Counter-Reformation Rome. OUP Oxford. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-0191649615.
  23. ^ Haan, Bertrand (2010). Une paix pour l'éternité: La négociation du traité du Cateau-Cambrésis. Madrid: Casa de Velázquez. pp. 37–60.
  24. ^ Weiner, Jerome Bruce (1976). Fitna, Corsairs, and Diplomacy: Morocco and the Maritime States of Western Europe, 1603-1672. Columbia University. p. 30. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  25. ^ Tiberiu Ciobanu (2006). Voievozi și domnitori români. Excelsior Art. p. 118. ISBN 978-973-592-162-0.
  26. ^ Kenneth M. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571) (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1984), p. 698
  27. ^ Ogot, Bethwell A. (1992). Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. University of California Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-435-94811-5. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  28. ^ Miran, Jonathan (July 6, 2009). Red Sea Citizens: Cosmopolitan Society and Cultural Change in Massawa. Indiana University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-253-22079-0. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  29. ^ Tagliacozzo, Eric; Siu, Helen F.; Perdue, Peter C. (January 5, 2015). Asia Inside Out. Harvard University Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-674-59850-8. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  30. ^ Archer, Christon; et al. (2002). World History of Warfare. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-8032-4423-8.
  31. ^ "History – Gonville & Caius". Gonville & Caius College. October 15, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2014.
  32. ^ Beavan, Charles (1851). Reports of Cases in Chancery. William Benning and Co. p. 35. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  33. ^ "Brentwood History". www.brentwoodschool.co.uk. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  34. ^ Cockburn, J. S.; King, H. P. F.; McDonnell, K. G. T. (1969). A History of the County of Middlesex: without special title. Institute of Historical Research. p. 298. Retrieved October 16, 2023.
  35. ^ The Book of the Repton Tercentenary. 1857. Repton School. 1857. p. 41. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  36. ^ H. S. Bennett (1989). English Books and Readers 1475 to 1557: Being a Study in the History of the Book Trade from Caxton to the Incorporation of the Stationers' Company. Cambridge University Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-521-37988-5.
  37. ^ Sá, Lúcia (2004). Rain Forest Literatures: Amazonian Texts and Latin American Culture. U of Minnesota Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-4529-0677-5. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  38. ^ Nóra, G. Etényi; Szabó, Péter; Horn, Ildikó (2006). Koronás fejedelem: Bocskai István és kora (in Hungarian). General Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-963-9648-27-2. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  39. ^ Reitsma, Johannes (1899). Geschiedenis van de Hervorming en de Hervormde Kerk der Nederlanden (in Dutch). Wolters. p. 157. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  40. ^ Galilei, Galileo (1909). Le opere di Galileo Galilei (in Italian). Tip. di G. Barbèra. p. 443. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  41. ^ Gnoli, Domenico (1870). Vittoria Accoramboni (in Italian). Successori Le Monnier. p. 18. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  42. ^ Daniels, Alexander von (1862). Handbuch der deutschen Reichs und Staatenrechsgeschichte (in German). Laupp & Siebeck. p. 505. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  43. ^ "Howard [Dacre], Anne, countess of Arundel". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. Retrieved October 17, 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  44. ^ WUTSTRACK, Christian Friedrich (1793). Kurze historisch-geographisch-statische Beschreibung von dem königlichpreussischen Herzogthume Vor- und Hinter-Pommern, etc (in German). Johann Samuel Leich. p. 134. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  45. ^ Spórna, Marcin (2006). Słownik najsłynniejszych wodzów i dowódców polskich (in Polish). Zielona Sowa. p. 395. ISBN 978-83-7435-094-5. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  46. ^ Beitelrock, Johann Michael (1863). Geschichte des Herzogthums Neuburg oder der jungen Pfalz (in German). Wailandt. p. 15. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  47. ^ Mémoires couronnés et autres mémoires: Collection in-8°. ... (in Dutch). Hayez. 1882. p. 156. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  48. ^ Морозова, Л. Е. (2001). Два царя: Федор и Борис (in Russian). Русское слово. p. 15. ISBN 978-5-8253-0160-0. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  49. ^ Jr, James D. Taylor (May 1, 2019). Complete State Trials of the Tudor Era. Algora Publishing. p. 397. ISBN 978-1-62894-377-1. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  50. ^ Il Seicento europeo: Realismo, classicismo, barocco (in Italian). De Luca. 1968. p. 87. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  51. ^ Landtag, Württemberg (1910). Württemberg Landtagsakten (in German). Kolhammer. p. 1. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  52. ^ Kleinschmidt, Arthur (1881). Augsburg, Nürnberg und ihre Handelsfürsten im fünfzehnten und sechzehnten Jahrhunderte (in German). Kay. p. 170. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  53. ^ Stuth, Steffen (2001). Höfe und Residenzen: Untersuchungen zu den Höfen der Herzöge von Mecklenburg im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert (in German). Edition Temmen. p. 120. ISBN 978-3-86108-778-6. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  54. ^ Escolapios insignes por su piedad religiosa desde el origen (in Spanish). San Francisco de Sales. 1899. p. 11. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  55. ^ Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (in German). Breitkopf und Härtel. 1842. p. 74. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  56. ^ Dufayard, Charles (1914). Histoire de Savoie (in French). Boivin. p. 186. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  57. ^ Drennan, Jonathan R. J. (September 2023). Requiems by Giovanni Croce and Giovanni Rovetta: The Requiem Mass at St. Mark's, Venice, in the Seventeenth Century. A-R Editions, Inc. p. xi. ISBN 978-1-9872-0865-8. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  58. ^ Correspondance de Guillaume le taciturne, prince d'Orange, publiée pour la première fois, suivie de pièces inédits sur l'assassinat de ce prince et sur les récompenses accordées par Philippe 2. à la famille de Balthazar Gérard par m. Gachard: Tome 6 (in French). C. Muquard. 1857. p. xc. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  59. ^ Fnat, Johan Erik (1842). Upsala Arkestifts Herdaminne. Hft. 1-7 (in Swedish). Wahlstrom & Lastbom. p. 19. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  60. ^ Murray, Tessa (2014). Thomas Morley: Elizabethan Music Publisher. Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-84383-960-6. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  61. ^ O-umajirushi: A 17th-Century Compendium of Samurai Heraldry. The Academy of the Four Directions. February 2, 2015. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-692-37740-6. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  62. ^ Apel, Willi (1990). Italian Violin Music of the Seventeenth Century. Indiana University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-253-30683-8. Retrieved October 18, 2023.
  63. ^ Tazartes, Maurizia (2008). Il "ghiribizzoso" Pontormo (in Italian). M. Pagliai. p. 188. ISBN 978-88-564-0036-6. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  64. ^ "CARUCCI, Iacopo, detto il Pontormo". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  65. ^ Spengler, Ludwig (1863). Die Geisteskrankheit des Herzogs Philipp von Mecklenburg (in German). Heuser. p. 24. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  66. ^ "Albert II Alcibiades | margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
  67. ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of July 1, 1517". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  68. ^ Häkkinen, Kaisa (October 30, 2015). Spreading the Written Word: Mikael Agricola and the Birth of Literary Finnish. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. p. 139. ISBN 978-952-222-755-3. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  69. ^ Speer, Christian; Michel, Stefan (March 13, 2012). Georg Rörer (1492–1557): Der Chronist der Wittenberger Reformation (in German). Evangelische Verlagsanstalt. p. 30. ISBN 978-3-374-03659-2. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  70. ^ Parish, Graeme (1972). Image of Chile. C. Knight. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-85314-147-1. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  71. ^ "Johann II". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  72. ^ Sesso, Livia Alberton Vinco Da (1992). Dal Ponte : a dynasty of painters (in Italian). Ghedina & Tassotti. p. 81. ISBN 978-88-7691-101-9. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  73. ^ Livermore, H. V. (January 2, 1966). A New History of Portugal. CUP Archive. p. 151. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  74. ^ Enciclopedia italiana di scienze, lettere ed arti (in Italian). Istituto Giovanni Treccani. 1929. p. 820. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  75. ^ "Anne of Cleves | Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved September 21, 2020.
  76. ^ Nordisk tidskrift för bok- och biblioteksväsen (in Swedish). Almqvist and Wiksells boktryckeri-a.-b. 1986. p. 10. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  77. ^ "The Grand Masters of Malta" (PDF). um.edu.mt. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  78. ^ International Hydrographic Review. International Hydrographic Bureau. 1984. p. 10.
  79. ^ Copsey, Tony (2000). Suffolk Writers from the Beginning Until 1800: A Catalogue of Suffolk Authors with Some Account of Their Lives and a List of Their Writings. Book Company. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-9522970-1-7. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  80. ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 20, 1538". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  81. ^ Lari, Suhail Zaheer (1994). A History of Sindh. Oxford University Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-19-577501-3. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  82. ^ Mémoires de la Société des antiquaires de l'Ouest (in French). Société des antiquaires de l'Ouest. 1908. p. 373. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  83. ^ Chambers, Edmund Kerchever (1923). The Elizabethan Stage. Clarendon Press. p. 62. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  84. ^ Welti, Manfred Edwin (1976). Giovanni Bernardino Bonifacio, marchese d'Oria, im Exil, 1557-1597 (in German). Librairie Droz. p. 58. ISBN 978-2-600-03063-2. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  85. ^ Murphy, Caroline (2008). Isabella De' Medici: The Glorious Life and Tragic End of a Renaissance Princess. Faber & Faber. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-571-23030-3. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  86. ^ Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte (in German). Historische Kommission für Hessen. 1965. p. 23. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
  87. ^ Gliozzi, Mario (March 2, 2022). A History of Physics from Antiquity to the Enlightenment. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-5275-8077-0. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
  88. ^ "Tartaglia - Biography". Maths History. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
  89. ^ McGlynn, Margaret; Bartlett, Kenneth R. (October 23, 2014). The Renaissance and Reformation in Northern Europe. University of Toronto Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-4426-0716-3. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
  90. ^ Beech, Beatrice (October 1983). "Charlotte Guillard: A Sixteenth-Century Business Woman*". Renaissance Quarterly. 36 (3): 345–367. doi:10.2307/2862159. ISSN 0034-4338. JSTOR 2862159. S2CID 163711144. Retrieved October 20, 2023.
  91. ^ Academi Gymreig (2008). The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. University of Wales Press. p. 321. ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6.
  92. ^ "Cabot, Sebastian". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. Retrieved October 20, 2023. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  93. ^ Randel, Don Michael (1996). The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Harvard University Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-674-37299-3. Retrieved October 20, 2023.