Rhodamine B
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-diethylamino-3-xanthenylidene]-diethylammonium chloride
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| Other names
Rhodamine 610, C.I. Pigment Violet 1, Basic Violet 10, C.I. 45170
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.259 |
PubChem CID
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C28H31ClN2O3 | |
| Molar mass | 479.02 |
| Appearance | red to violet powder |
| Melting point | 210 - 211 °C (Decomposes) |
| ~50 g/l | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Rhodamine B (Template:Pron-en) is a chemical compound and a dye. It is often used as a tracer dye within water to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. Rhodamine dyes fluoresce and can thus be detected easily and inexpensively with instruments called fluorometers. Rhodamine dyes are used extensively in biotechnology applications such as fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and ELISA.
Rhodamine B is used in biology as a staining fluorescent dye, sometimes in combination with auramine O, as the auramine-rhodamine stain to demonstrate acid-fast organisms, notably Mycobacterium.
Rhodamine B is tunable around 610 nm when used as a laser dye [1]. Its luminescence quantum yield is 0.65 in basic ethanol[2], 0.49 in ethanol [3], 1.0 [4], and 0.68 in 94% ethanol [5]. The fluorescence yield is temperature dependent [6].
Solubility
The solubility in water is ~50 g/l. However, the solubility in acetic acid solution (30 vol.%) is ~400 g/l. Chlorinated tap water decomposes rhodamine B. Rhodamine B solutions absorb in plastics and should be kept in glass [7].
Safety and health
In California, Rhodamine B is suspected to be carcinogenic and thus products containing it must contain a warning on its label.[8]
In New Jersey, MSDS files state that there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in laboratory animal, and no evidence at all in humans. [9]
References
- ^ Rhodamine B
- ^ R. F. Kubin and A. N. Fletcher, "Fluorescence quantum yields of some rhodamine dyes." J. Luminescence 27 (1982) 455
- ^ K. G. Casey and E. L. Quitevis, "Effect of solvent polarity on nonradiative processes in xanthene dyes: Rhodamine B in normal alcohols," J. Phys. Chem., 92, 6590-6594, 1988
- ^ R. E. Kellogg and R. G. Bennett, "Radiationless intermolecular energy transfer. III. Determination of phosphorescence efficiencies.," J. Chem. Phys., 41, 3042-3045, 1964
- ^ M. J. Snare, F. E. Treloar, K. P. Ghiggino, and P. J. Thistlethwaite "The photophysics of rhodamine B.," J. Photochem., 18, 335-346, 1982
- ^ T. Karstens and K. Kobs, "Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 101 as reference substances for fluorescence quantum yield measurements." J. Phys. Chem., 84, 1871-1872, 1980
- ^ "Detection and prevention of leaks from dams" By Antonio Plata Bedmar and Luís Araguás Araguás, Taylor & Francis, 2002, ISBN 9058093557, 9789058093554
- ^ http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Visual_Art/documents/NavalJelly.pdf, Naval Jelly msds with Rhodamine B
- ^ http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/r5400.htm, J.T.Baker Rhodamine B MSDS