List of geometers

One of the oldest surviving fragments of Euclid's *Elements*, found at Oxyrhynchus and dated to c. 100 AD (P. Oxy. 29). The diagram accompanies Book II, Proposition 5.^[1]

A geometer is a mathematician whose area of study is the historical aspects that define geometry, instead of the analytical geometric studies that becomes conducted from geometricians.

Some notable geometers and their main fields of work, chronologically listed, are:

1000 BCE to 1 BCE

Baudhayana (fl. c. 800 BC) – Euclidean geometry
Manava (c. 750 BC–690 BC) – Euclidean geometry
Thales of Miletus (c. 624 BC – c. 546 BC) – Euclidean geometry
Pythagoras (c. 570 BC – c. 495 BC) – Euclidean geometry, Pythagorean theorem
Zeno of Elea (c. 490 BC – c. 430 BC) – Euclidean geometry
Hippocrates of Chios (born c. 470 – 410 BC) – first systematically organized Stoicheia – Elements (geometry textbook)
Mozi (c. 468 BC – c. 391 BC)
Plato (427–347 BC)
Theaetetus (c. 417 BC – 369 BC)
Autolycus of Pitane (360–c. 290 BC) – astronomy, spherical geometry
Euclid (fl. 300 BC) – Elements, Euclidean geometry (sometimes called the "father of geometry")
Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 BC – c. 190 BC) – Euclidean geometry, conic sections
Archimedes (c. 287 BC – c. 212 BC) – Euclidean geometry
Eratosthenes (c. 276 BC – c. 195/194 BC) – Euclidean geometry
Katyayana (c. 3rd century BC) – Euclidean geometry

1–1300 AD

Hero of Alexandria (c. AD 10–70) – Euclidean geometry
Pappus of Alexandria (c. AD 290–c. 350) – Euclidean geometry, projective geometry
Hypatia of Alexandria (c. AD 370–c. 415) – Euclidean geometry
Brahmagupta (597–668) – Euclidean geometry, cyclic quadrilaterals
Vergilius of Salzburg (c.700–784) – Irish bishop of Aghaboe, Ossory and later Salzburg, Austria; antipodes, and astronomy
Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī (c. 800–c. 860)
Thabit ibn Qurra (826–901) – analytic geometry, non-Euclidean geometry, conic sections
Abu'l-Wáfa (940–998) – spherical geometry, spherical triangles
Ibn al-Haytham (965–c. 1040)
Omar Khayyam (1048–1131) – algebraic geometry, conic sections
Ibn Maḍāʾ (1116–1196)

1301–1800 AD

Piero della Francesca (1415–1492)
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) – Euclidean geometry
Jyesthadeva (c. 1500 – c. 1610) – Euclidean geometry, cyclic quadrilaterals
Marin Getaldić (1568–1626)
Jacques-François Le Poivre (1652–1710) – projective geometry
Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) – (used geometric ideas in astronomical work)
Edmund Gunter (1581–1686)
Girard Desargues (1591–1661) – projective geometry; Desargues' theorem
René Descartes (1596–1650) – invented the methodology of analytic geometry, also called Cartesian geometry after him
Pierre de Fermat (1607–1665) – analytic geometry
Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) – projective geometry
Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) – evolute
Giordano Vitale (1633–1711)
Philippe de La Hire (1640–1718) – projective geometry
Isaac Newton (1642–1727) – 3rd-degree algebraic curve
Giovanni Ceva (1647–1734) – Euclidean geometry
Johann Jacob Heber (1666–1727) – surveyor and geometer
Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri (1667–1733) – non-Euclidean geometry
Leonhard Euler (1707–1783)
Tobias Mayer (1723–1762)
Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728–1777) – non-Euclidean geometry
Gaspard Monge (1746–1818) – descriptive geometry
John Playfair (1748–1819) – Euclidean geometry
Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot (1753–1823) – projective geometry
Joseph Diaz Gergonne (1771–1859) – projective geometry; Gergonne point
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) – Theorema Egregium
Louis Poinsot (1777–1859)
Siméon Denis Poisson (1781–1840)
Jean-Victor Poncelet (1788–1867) – projective geometry
Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789–1857)
August Ferdinand Möbius (1790–1868) – Euclidean geometry
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky (1792–1856) – hyperbolic geometry, a non-Euclidean geometry
Michel Chasles (1793–1880) – projective geometry
Germinal Dandelin (1794–1847) – Dandelin spheres in conic sections
Jakob Steiner (1796–1863) – champion of synthetic geometry methodology, projective geometry, Euclidean geometry

1801–1900 AD

Julius Plücker	Arthur Cayley	Bernhard Riemann
Richard Dedekind	Max Noether	Felix Klein
Hermann Minkowski	Henri Poincaré	Evgraf Fedorov

Karl Wilhelm Feuerbach (1800–1834) – Euclidean geometry
Julius Plücker (1801–1868)
János Bolyai (1802–1860) – hyperbolic geometry, a non-Euclidean geometry
Christian Heinrich von Nagel (1803–1882) – Euclidean geometry
Johann Benedict Listing (1808–1882) – topology
Hermann Günther Grassmann (1809–1877) – exterior algebra
Ludwig Otto Hesse (1811–1874) – algebraic invariants and geometry
Ludwig Schlafli (1814–1895) – Regular 4-polytope
Pierre Ossian Bonnet (1819–1892) – differential geometry
Arthur Cayley (1821–1895)
Joseph Bertrand (1822–1900)
Delfino Codazzi (1824–1873) – differential geometry
Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866) – elliptic geometry (a non-Euclidean geometry) and Riemannian geometry
Julius Wilhelm Richard Dedekind (1831–1916)
Ludwig Burmester (1840–1927) – theory of linkages
Edmund Hess (1843–1903)
Albert Victor Bäcklund (1845–1922)
Max Noether (1844–1921) – algebraic geometry
Henri Brocard (1845–1922) – Brocard points
William Kingdon Clifford (1845–1879) – geometric algebra
Pieter Hendrik Schoute (1846–1923)
Felix Klein (1849–1925)
Sofia Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (1850–1891)
Evgraf Fedorov (1853–1919)
Henri Poincaré (1854–1912)
Luigi Bianchi (1856–1928) – differential geometry
Alicia Boole Stott (1860–1940)
Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909) – non-Euclidean geometry
Henry Frederick Baker (1866–1956) – algebraic geometry
Élie Cartan (1869–1951)
Dmitri Egorov (1869–1931) – differential geometry
Veniamin Kagan (1869–1953)
Raoul Bricard (1870–1944) – descriptive geometry
Ernst Steinitz (1871–1928) – Steinitz's theorem
Marcel Grossmann (1878–1936)
Oswald Veblen (1880–1960) – projective geometry, differential geometry
Nathan Altshiller Court (1881–1968) – author of College Geometry
Emmy Noether (1882–1935) – algebraic topology
Harry Clinton Gossard (1884–1954)
Arthur Rosenthal (1887–1959)
Helmut Hasse (1898–1979) – algebraic geometry

1901–present

William Vallance Douglas Hodge (1903–1975)
Patrick du Val (1903–1987)
Beniamino Segre (1903–1977) – combinatorial geometry
J. C. P. Miller (1906–1981)
André Weil (1906–1998) – Algebraic geometry
H. S. M. Coxeter (1907–2003) – theory of polytopes, non-Euclidean geometry, projective geometry
J. A. Todd (1908–1994)
Daniel Pedoe (1910–1998)
Shiing-Shen Chern (1911–2004) – differential geometry
Ernst Witt (1911–1991)
Rafael Artzy (1912–2006)
Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov (1912–1999)
László Fejes Tóth (1915–2005)
Edwin Evariste Moise (1918–1998)
Aleksei Pogorelov (1919–2002) – differential geometry
Magnus Wenninger (1919–2017) – polyhedron models
Jean-Louis Koszul (1921–2018)
Isaak Yaglom (1921–1988)
Eugenio Calabi (1923–2023)
Benoit Mandelbrot (1924–2010) – fractal geometry
Katsumi Nomizu (1924–2008) – affine differential geometry
Michael S. Longuet-Higgins (1925–2016)
John Leech (1926–1992)
Alexander Grothendieck (1928–2014) – algebraic geometry
Branko Grünbaum (1929–2018) – discrete geometry
Michael Atiyah (1929–2019)
Lev Semenovich Pontryagin (1908–1988)
Geoffrey Colin Shephard (1927–2016)
Norman W. Johnson (1930–2017)
John Milnor (1931–)
Roger Penrose (1931–)
Yuri Manin (1937–2023) – algebraic geometry and diophantine geometry
Vladimir Arnold (1937–2010) – algebraic geometry
Ernest Vinberg (1937–2020)
J. H. Conway (1937–2020) – sphere packing, recreational geometry
Robin Hartshorne (1938–) – geometry, algebraic geometry
Phillip Griffiths (1938–) – algebraic geometry, differential geometry
Enrico Bombieri (1940–) – algebraic geometry
Robert Williams (1942–)
Peter McMullen (1942–)
Richard S. Hamilton (1943–2024) – differential geometry, Ricci flow, Poincaré conjecture
Mikhail Gromov (1943–)
Rudy Rucker (1946–)
William Thurston (1946–2012)
Shing-Tung Yau (1949–)
Michael Freedman (1951–)
Egon Schulte (1955–) – polytopes
George W. Hart (1955–) – sculptor
Károly Bezdek (1955–) – discrete geometry, sphere packing, Euclidean geometry, non-Euclidean geometry
Simon Donaldson (1957–)
Kenji Fukaya (1959–) – symplectic geometry
Yong-Geun Oh (1961–)
Toshiyuki Kobayashi (1962–)
Hiraku Nakajima (1962–) – representation theory and geometry
Hwang Jun-Muk (1963–) – algebraic geometry, differential geometry
Grigori Perelman (1966–) – Poincaré conjecture
Maryam Mirzakhani (1977–2017)
Denis Auroux (1977–)

Geometers in art

God as architect of the world, 1220–1230, from Bible moralisée	Kepler's Platonic solid model of planetary spacing in the Solar System from Mysterium Cosmographicum (1596)	The Ancient of Days, 1794, by William Blake, with the compass as a symbol for divine order	Newton (1795), by William Blake; here, Newton is depicted critically as a "divine geometer".^[2]

References

^ Bill Casselman. "One of the Oldest Extant Diagrams from Euclid". University of British Columbia. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
^ "Newton, object 1 (Butlin 306) "Newton"". William Blake Archive. September 25, 2013.

[1] Bill Casselman. "One of the Oldest Extant Diagrams from Euclid". University of British Columbia. Retrieved 2008-09-26.

[2] "Newton, object 1 (Butlin 306) "Newton"". William Blake Archive. September 25, 2013.

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