James Lindsay Smith
James Lindsay Smith | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1816 Northern Neck, Virginia, US |
| Died | 1883 (aged 66–67) Norwich, Connecticut, US |
| Occupation | Author, minister, shoemaker |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Autobiography, slave narrative |
| Notable works | Autobiography of James L. Smith (1881) |
James Lindsay Smith (ca. 1816 – ca. 1883) was an American slave narrative author, minister, and shoemaker.[1][2] His memoir Autobiography of James L. Smith (1881) was one of only six slave narratives published in Connecticut.[3]
Life
[edit]Born a slave on a plantation in Northumberland County, Virginia, Smith escaped in 1838, rowing across the Chesapeake Bay with two other fugitives in a canoe. After stops in New Castle, Philadelphia, and New York City and with the aid of abolitionists such as David Ruggles, Smith gained safety in Springfield, Massachusetts, via the Underground Railroad. In Massachusetts, he became a founding member of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church and attended Wilbraham Academy.[2][4]
In 1842, Smith married Emmeline Minerva Platt and settled in Norwich, Connecticut, where he became a Methodist Episcopal minister and established a successful shoemaking business. His daughters, Louie and Emma, attended Norwich Free Academy and became teachers, while his son, James H. Smith, became a shoemaker like his father.[2][1]
Autobiography
[edit]In 1881, Smith published his memoirs, entitled Autobiography of James L. Smith, Including, Also, Reminiscences of Slave Life, Recollections of the War, Education of Freedmen, Causes of the Exodus, Etc. (Norwich: Press of The Bulletin Company, 1881). In this autobiography, he recounted his youth as a slave, his escape to freedom, and his later life in Massachusetts and Connecticut. In addition, he incorporated historical accounts of the American Civil War, the destruction the war inflicted on the South, the heroism of Black Union soldiers, and postwar Black emigration to the North.[1][2][4]
Legacy
[edit]Smith's house on School Street is a stop on Norwich's Freedom Trail[5] and is a contributing property to Norwich's Jail Hill Historic District.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Robison, James. "Summary of Autobiography of James L. Smith". Documenting the American South. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Archived from the original on 2022-02-28. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
- ^ a b c d Murphy, Laura (2013), "Smith, James Lindsay", African American Studies Center, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.37891, ISBN 978-0-19-530173-1, retrieved 2022-02-28
- ^ Five Black Lives: The Autobiographies of Venture Smith, James Mars, William Grimes, the Rev. G. W. Offley, [and] James L. Smith. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press. 1971. ISBN 978-0-8195-4036-2. OCLC 811857708.
- ^ a b Finlay, Nancy (2015-02-24). "James Lindsey Smith Takes the Underground Railroad to Connecticut". Connecticut History. Retrieved 2022-02-28.
- ^ "Freedom Trail – Stop 6 | Walk Norwich". Retrieved 2022-02-28.
- ^ Jan Cunningham (August 10, 1998). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Jail Hill Historic District". Retrieved March 1, 2022.
External links
[edit]- Autobiography of James L. Smith – full text
- 1816 births
- 1883 deaths
- People from Northumberland County, Virginia
- People from Norwich, Connecticut
- African-American non-fiction writers
- 19th-century American memoirists
- Writers of slave narratives
- 19th-century African-American writers
- 19th-century American slaves
- Fugitive American slaves
- American freedmen
- African-American Methodist clergy
- Shoemakers
- Memoirists from Virginia