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Gate of Hell (film)

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Jigokumon
Theatrical release poster
Directed byTeinosuke Kinugasa
Written byTeinosuke Kinugasa
Produced byMasaichi Nagata
StarringKazuo Hasegawa
Machiko Kyō
CinematographyKōhei Sugiyama
Edited byShigeo Nishida
Music byYasushi Akutagawa
Production
company
Distributed byDaiei Film
Release date
  • October 31, 1953 (1953-10-31)
Running time
86 minutes
CountryJapan
LanguageJapanese
Budget¥41.5 million[a]
Box office¥151.8 million (Japan)[b]
$500,000 (U.S.)[3]

Gate of Hell (Japanese: 地獄門, Hepburn: Jigokumon) is a 1953 Japanese jidaigeki film directed by Teinosuke Kinugasa.[4][5] It tells the story of a samurai (Kazuo Hasegawa) who tries to marry a woman (Machiko Kyō) he rescues, only to discover that she is already married. Filmed using Eastmancolor, Gate of Hell was Daiei Film's first color film and the first Japanese color film to be released outside Japan. It was digitally restored in 2011 by the National Film Center of the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo and Kadokawa Shoten Co., LTD. in cooperation with NHK.

The film won the Best Costume Design and the Best Foreign Language Film Awards at the 27th Academy Awards[6] and the Grand Prize (the top prize of that year) at the 1954 Cannes Film Festival.

Plot

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During the Heiji Rebellion, samurai Endō Morito is assigned to escort lady-in-waiting Kesa away from the palace after she had volunteered to disguise herself as the daimyō’s sister, giving the daimyō’s father and real sister time to escape unseen. Kesa is knocked unconscious when the rebels attack their caravan, and Morito takes her to his brother’s home. When Morito’s brother arrives, he reveals that he too is part of the rebellion and suggests Morito join him. Morito refuses to betray the daimyō, Lord Kiyomori. Once he and Kesa are safe, Morito proves his loyalty to Kiyomori by personally riding to him to deliver news about the insurrection, including his brother's disloyalty.

After the coup has failed, Morito encounters Kesa again. Infatuated with her, he asks Lord Kiyomori, who is granting one wish to each of the loyal warriors who helped put down the rebellion, to grant him Kesa’s hand in marriage. He is informed that Kesa is already married to Wataru, a samurai of the Imperial Guard, but Morito demands that his wish be granted. Kesa is concerned by Morito's determination, but Wataru promises to protect her.

After hearing Kesa perform koto music, Lord Kiyomori begins to sympathize with Morito. He decides to give Morito a chance to compete for Kesa’s hand. Morito enters a horse race in which Wataru is competing, and outrides him. However, after the race is over, he nearly attacks Wataru at a “Forget the Race” dinner, visibly disturbing everyone around him.

Morito goes to speak to Kesa. At Kesa's request, her handmaid Tone tells Morito that Kesa has gone to visit her aunt. Morito goes to the aunt's home and discovers the lie. He forces the aunt to write a note to Kesa claiming she is ill and needs Kesa to come and see her. Kesa is terrified to find Morito waiting for her. When Morito threatens to kill Wataru and Kesa and her aunt if he cannot have his way, Kesa tells him she will fulfill his heart’s desires. She agrees to a plan for Morito to kill Wataru and claim her once she is widowed.

Kesa returns home and behaves generously to Tone and lovingly to Wataru. After everyone has gone to bed, Morito sneaks into the bedroom and kills the figure beneath the blankets with his sword. He is horrified to discover that he has killed Kesa. Realizing that Kesa has sacrificed herself rather than subject herself or anyone else to his insanity, Morito fruitlessly begs Wataru to kill him in penance. As Wataru mourns his dead wife, Morito kneels in the courtyard, cuts off his samurai topknot and vows to live thereafter as a monk.

Cast

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Production

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Reception

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After the Japan Society sponsored a U.S. release of the film in December 1954, Bosley Crowther reviewed it for The New York Times. According to Crowther:[8]

The secret, perhaps, of its rare excitement is the subtlety with which it blends a subterranean flood of hot emotions with the most magnificent flow of surface serenity. The tensions and agonies of violent passions are made to seethe behind a splendid silken screen of stern formality, dignity, self-discipline and sublime esthetic harmonies. The very essence of ancient Japanese culture is rendered a tangible stimulant in this film.

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 92%, based on 13 reviews, with an average score of 8.3/10.[9]

Awards

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Gate of Hell won the grand prize award at the 1954 Cannes Film Festival,[10] a 1954 Academy Honorary Award for Best Foreign Language Film first released in the United States during 1954, along with the Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Color,[11] and the 1954 New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Foreign Language Film. It won the Golden Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival.[12]

Home video

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In the United Kingdom, Gate of Hell was released in 2012 on Blu-ray Disc and DVD as part of the Masters of Cinema line;[13] the next year The Criterion Collection released it in the United States.[14]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The film had a direct production budget of approximately ¥41,479,000, with advertising and other expenses bringing its overall cost to ¥86,450,000.[1]: 151 [2]
  2. ^ The film's exact Japanese gross was an estimated ¥151,790,000.[1]: 152 [2]

References

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  1. ^ a b 永田雅一 [Masaichi Nagata] (in Japanese). Jiji Press. 1962 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ a b 映画年鑑 [Movie Yearbook] (in Japanese). Vol. 16. 1994. p. 133 – via Google Books.
  3. ^ "Japanese Film Week in New York—Prospects for Boston Screens". The Christian Science Monitor. January 23, 1957. p. 7. Gate of Hell, which grossed about $500,000 in the United States, was shown in approximately 750 theaters.
  4. ^ "Teinosuke Kinugasa". kotobank. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  5. ^ "地獄門". Kinema Junpo. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
  6. ^ "Academy Awards, USA (1955)". IMDb. Retrieved 2024-03-27.
  7. ^ "デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plus「西岡善信」の解説" (in Japanese). kotobank. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  8. ^ Crowther, Bosley (14 December 1954). "Gate of Hell (1953)". The Screen in Review. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
  9. ^ "Gate of Hell - Rotten Tomatoes". www.rottentomatoes.com. 1954-12-10. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  10. ^ "Festival de Cannes: Gate of Hell". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 2009-01-25.
  11. ^ "Awards for 1955". IMDb. Retrieved 2014-09-14.
  12. ^ "Winners of the Golden Leopard". Locarno. Archived from the original on 2009-07-19. Retrieved 2012-08-12.
  13. ^ Nield, Anthony (2 December 2012). "Gate of Hell". The Digital Fix. Archived from the original on 2015-07-04. Retrieved 2014-09-14.
  14. ^ Prince, Stephen (April 10, 2013). "Gate of Hell: A Colorful History". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 2014-09-14.
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