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Europe (band)

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Europe
Europe on stage in Stockholm 2016. From left to right: John Levén, Mic Michaeli, Joey Tempest, Ian Haugland and John Norum.
Europe on stage in Stockholm 2016. From left to right: John Levén, Mic Michaeli, Joey Tempest, Ian Haugland and John Norum.
Background information
Also known asForce (1979–1982)
OriginUpplands Väsby, Sweden
Genres
Years active
  • 1979–1992
  • 1999
  • 2003–present
Labels
  • Epic
  • Edel
  • Sanctuary
  • earMusic
  • UDR Records
  • Silver Lining Music / Hell & Back Recordings
  • Swedmetal Records
Members
Past members
Websiteeuropetheband.com

Europe is a Swedish rock band formed in Upplands Väsby in 1979,[5] by lead vocalist Joey Tempest, guitarist John Norum, bassist Peter Olsson, and drummer Tony Reno. They obtained a major breakthrough in Sweden in 1982 by winning the televised competition "Rock-SM" (Swedish Rock Championships); it was the first time this competition was held, and Europe became a larger success than the competition itself.

Since their formation, Europe has released eleven studio albums, three live albums, three compilations and twenty-four music videos. Europe's current lineup comprises Tempest, Norum, bassist John Levén, keyboardist Mic Michaeli, and drummer Ian Haugland.

Europe rose to international fame in the 1980s with their third album, 1986's The Final Countdown. As of 2003, Europe has sold 10 million albums worldwide.[6] The band has had two top 20 albums on the Billboard 200 chart (The Final Countdown and Out of This World)[7] and three top 30 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart ("The Final Countdown", "Rock the Night" and "Carrie", which reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100).[8]

Europe went on hiatus in 1992, reunited temporarily for a one-off performance in Stockholm on New Year's Eve 1999 and announced an official reunion in 2003. Since then the band has released six albums, Start from the Dark (2004), Secret Society (2006), Last Look at Eden (2009), Bag of Bones (2012), War of Kings (2015) and Walk the Earth (2017).

Europe gained new attention in the US after being featured in a GEICO cable television commercial campaign during 2015–2016.

The band is mainly influenced by Whitesnake, Deep Purple, Rainbow, Led Zeppelin, Thin Lizzy, UFO and Michael Schenker Group.[9][10]

History

[edit]

Europe and Wings of Tomorrow (1979–1984)

[edit]

The first incarnation of the band was named Force and came together in 1979, in Upplands Väsby, Stockholm, and was integrated by vocalist Joey Tempest, guitarist John Norum, bass guitarist Peter Olsson, and drummer Tony Reno.[11] "I remember when we started the band Force we were playing covers in the rehearsal room, because we just wanted to learn our instruments, like all bands," Tempest said, "Then one day I said maybe we should do our own stuff. Nobody had any ideas, so I brought mine into the rehearsal room, and that is when we started writing our own stuff."[12]

The band sent several demos to record companies, but were told that in order to be published they had to cut their hair and sing in Swedish. Two years later, Olsson left the band and was replaced by John Levén.[11] Just a couple of months later, Levén joined Yngwie Malmsteen's band Rising Force, and Malmsteen's former bassist, Marcel Jacob, joined Force. This only lasted for three months, though; Levén apparently had issues with Malmsteen, so he and Jacob traded places again.[13]

Singer Joey Tempest performing in 2010.

In 1982, Tempest's girlfriend entered Force in the Swedish rock talent contest Rock-SM. Competing against 4000 bands, they won the contest thanks to two songs, "In the Future to Come" and "The King Will Return". The reward was a record deal with Hot Records. Tempest won the individual award for Best Lead Singer, and Norum won the award for Best Guitarist.[11] Just before the contest, Force changed their name to Europe. Tempest got the name from the Made in Europe album by Deep Purple.[14]

The self-titled debut album was released the following year, and sold well both in Sweden and Japan. The album charted at number 8 in the band's home country and the single "Seven Doors Hotel" became a Top 10 hit in Japan.[11]

The second album Wings of Tomorrow was released one year later. The album got interest from CBS Records who offered them an international contract in 1985.[11] "I think one of the most important albums for the band was Wings of Tomorrow," Tempest said, "We were learning how to write songs and John started playing some really cool stuff on the guitar. We became a better band and that was a good period for the band."[15] Keyboardist Mic Michaeli was soon recruited to play in live concerts, and became an official member of the band shortly after.[11] At the same time, Tony Reno was fired because of his lack of motivation and alleged slacking off on rehearsals. Bassist Peter Olsson also claims that Reno was replaced on the albums by a drum machine.[16] His replacement was Ian Haugland.[11]

The Final Countdown (1985–1987)

[edit]

In 1985 Europe recorded the soundtrack for the film On the Loose, which gave them the hit "Rock the Night".[11] Several months later Joey Tempest was asked to write a song for the charity project Swedish Metal Aid.[17] He wrote "Give a Helping Hand", which would feature the biggest stars of Swedish rock and metal.[18] The income from the sales of the single, which was produced by Easy Action guitarist Kee Marcello, was donated to the starving people of Ethiopia.[11]

In September 1985, Europe was approached by an executive from Epic Records. They helped Europe start the recording of its next album with Journey producer Kevin Elson. The result was The Final Countdown. Released on 26 May 1986, the album gave the band its international breakthrough, was certified Triple Platinum in the USA[19] and reached number 8 on the Billboard 200 chart.[7] The title track, which was based on a keyboard riff composed by Tempest as early as 1981–82,[11] was released as the first single and became a worldwide success, peaking at number 1 in 25 countries,[6] such as the UK,[20] France,[21] Spain, and Germany.[22] The hit "Rock the Night" was in the top 10 charts in European countries. The power ballad "Carrie" peaked at number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[8] "Cherokee" was the other single released.

Not satisfied with the album's keyboard-dominated production nor the band's commercialized image, John Norum decided to leave Europe in October 1986 to pursue a solo career.[11] "I didn't really like the direction the band was going in," Norum said, "We became this teeny-bopper, bubblegum band and I hated that whole image, the spandex, poodle-rock type of thing. I was more into the heavier, guitar-oriented stuff and it seemed like the keyboards were taking over more and more, and we were becoming more commercial. So I decided to leave. I just wanted to move on and do something else."[23]

Kee Marcello was asked to replace him, and after some consideration, he decided to join the band.[11] Marcello joined the band at its commercial peak.

Three singles from The Final Countdown reaching the US Top 30.[8] The following year included successful tours through Europe and the USA.[citation needed]

Out of This World and Prisoners in Paradise (1988–1992)

[edit]

The follow-up to The Final Countdown was entitled Out of This World and was released in 1988. The biggest hit from the album was "Superstitious" which peaked at number 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 9 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks. "Superstitious" would be the last Europe song to chart in the USA.[8] The album was certified platinum in the States and peaked at number 19 on the Billboard 200 chart.[7][19] More touring followed, including an American tour with Def Leppard and a festival gig at the National Bowl in Milton Keynes, England with Bon Jovi, Skid Row and Vixen.[11]

Europe in Hamburg 1992

In September 1989, Europe did a gig at the Whisky a Go Go club in West Hollywood, California, under the pseudonym Le Baron Boys.[24] That name would later be used as a title for a much-circulated Europe bootleg, which contained demo recordings from 1989 to 1990. Two years later, the album Prisoners in Paradise was released, but received limited media attention due to the "boom" of the grunge movement, started by Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice In Chains and Pearl Jam. Although the sales were low compared to previous albums, the single "I'll Cry for You" managed to hit number 28 on the UK charts.[20] On New Year's Eve 1991, Europe kicked off a new tour with a show at the Tokyo Dome, in which Tesla, Thunder and Metallica also performed. The show was called "Final Countdown '91".[11][25]

After ten years of living, recording, and touring together, Europe decided to take a break at the end of the 1992 tour.[11] "I remember in the tour bus afterwards we were talking about where the whole thing was going and I think at the time the consensus of the band was we really felt ready for a break," Tempest said, "We felt that it was time to put some roots down and I was really into the idea of making my own solo album."[26] In that time, Tempest, Norum and Marcello released solo albums whilst the other members participated in several different projects and bands. In return, Europe was dropped from Epic Records.[citation needed]

Reunion and Start from the Dark (2003–2005)

[edit]

The band members started to discuss the possibility of a Europe reunion in 1998.[26] "Mic and Ian came over to see me in Ireland," Tempest said, "Then whilst we were there, John Norum called from LA, and we were like 'Yes, maybe now is the right time to get things started again'."[26] For the 2000 millennium celebrations, Europe was asked to do a concert in Stockholm on New Year's Eve 1999. That would be Europe's first and, to date, only concert with both of their lead guitarists, since both John Norum and Kee Marcello had accepted the offer to play that evening with the rest of the group. They played "Rock the Night" and "The Final Countdown".[26][27]

Guitarist John Norum performing in 2009.

Over the years, there were several reunion rumors, and on 2 October 2003 it was made official: Europe announced plans for a new album and world tour.[28] The band then switched back to The Final Countdown line-up, with John Norum as the only lead guitarist.[26] "There was no doubt that we wanted John back, and John wanted to get back," Tempest said, "For me it was important to get that spark going again that we had before."[12] Kee Marcello claimed that he was too busy with his own projects. "I told them I didn't want to participate in a [new] studio album because musically, I want to go in a different kind of direction than the music Europe stands for," Marcello said, "Then we talked for a while about doing a six-piece tour – it didn't turn out that way because of different reasons."[27]

The songwriting for a new album, Start from the Dark, began early in 2003.[26] "It was just a matter of moving forward and writing songs for the new album," Tempest said, "That was always our intention. We thought that if we were gonna make a comeback, we wanted to do it properly, and that meant we wanted to write and record some new songs, a new album."[26] For the recording of Start from the Dark, the band decided to work with producer Kevin Elson, who had also produced The Final Countdown.[26] "We could either go with a younger producer, or we could go with someone that we knew, someone experienced who is on the same wavelength as the band," Tempest said, "So in the end we decided that Kevin would be the perfect choice."[26]

In the summer of 2004, Europe went on a festival tour through the European continent.[26] The concert setlists included the old hits, but also introduced the title track from Start from the Dark.[26] The album was released on 22 September 2004, the same day that John Norum became a father. Start from the Dark featured a more modern sound compared to Europe's previous albums. "We wanted to be doing something at least that was a little bit relevant now; bit of a dry mix, detuned a bit," Tempest said, "So we felt like we didn't want to do an 1980s album per se, we just wanted to start like a fresh band really."[29] Eventually, the album sold in excess of 600,000 copies worldwide.[12]

Secret Society and Last Look at Eden (2006–2010)

[edit]

Europe released its seventh album, Secret Society on 26 October 2006. "We think it's one of the strongest albums that Europe has ever done," Tempest said, "There is definitely some more melodic stuff on this one. Start from the Dark was very raw and made a statement, which is cool but for us it felt like a debut album in a way, so we wanted to branch out a bit on this one and take it to new levels."[12]

On 26 January 2008, Europe did a semi-acoustic live concert at Nalen in Stockholm, calling the event Almost Unplugged. The band was accompanied by a string quartet and played reworked versions of its own songs, as well as cover versions of songs by bands that have influenced Europe's sound throughout the years – Pink Floyd, UFO, Led Zeppelin and Thin Lizzy. The show was broadcast live over the Internet on Europe's official website.[30] It was released on CD on 17 September 2008[31] and on DVD on 19 August 2009.[citation needed]

On 23 July 2008, Europe did a co-headlining concert with Whitesnake in Padua, Italy. During Whitesnake's performance of their encore "Still of the Night", Joey Tempest joined David Coverdale on stage for the last chorus.[32] In August 2008 Europe was the opening act for Deep Purple for two concerts in Sweden, in Linköping on 8 August and Ystad on 9 August.[33] John Norum joined Deep Purple on stage in Ystad for a performance of "Smoke on the Water".[34]

On 21 July 2009, bass guitarist and former member of Force, Marcel Jacob, committed suicide. He was 45 years old.[35]

Europe performing in Festivalna hall, Sofia in 2012.

Europe's eighth studio album, Last Look at Eden, was released on 9 September 2009.[36] The title track was released as a single in June.[37] The band has described it as a modern retro rock album.[38] "This time, we're taking some new directions with our songs, and we're exploring different styles," they stated, "There is a definite classic rock vibe on some of the tracks... a tip of the hat to groovin', funkin' 1970s rock songs - but ones we have bought into the here and now."[39] The second single, "New Love in Town", was released as a digital download on 3 September 2009.[40]

Bag of Bones and War of Kings (2011–2016)

[edit]

On 6 August 2011, Europe headlined the closing ceremonies of the 22nd World Scout Jamboree in Rinkaby, Sweden before an audience of 40,061 Scouts and Guides which included King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and Queen Silvia of Sweden. [41]

On 12 July 2011, Europe confirmed that Kevin Shirley would produce their ninth studio album. The recording sessions started on 3 October 2011.[42][43] On 24 January 2012 the band announced the album title, Bag of Bones.[44][45] The album was released on 18 April 2012 in Japan by Victor Entertainment[46] and on 25 April in Sweden by Gain Music Entertainment.[47] "Bag of Bones" debuted at number 2 on the Swedish album chart on 4 May 2012 and was certified Gold in Sweden on 12 July 2012.[48]

The band played at the Sweden Rock Festival in 2013, with their performance recorded for a 30th anniversary double CD, DVD and Blu-ray Disc, which was released in October 2013.[49][50][51]

In 2014, Europe celebrated the 30th anniversary of their second studio album "Wings Of Tomorrow". They performed the entire "Wings Of Tomorrow" album on several shows, including in Sweden.[52]

Europe's tenth studio album, War of Kings was released on 2 March 2015 by UDR Records.[53] It was produced by Dave Cobb, producer for bands such as Rival Sons.[53] This was followed in March 2015 by a 14-date tour of the UK co-headlining with Black Star Riders, supported by The Amorettes.[54]

Europe participated in a major cable television GEICO advertising campaign which started airing September 2015 in the US; in a television commercial, they are featured singing "The Final Countdown" to the background of an office break room, as a microwave oven cooks a burrito.[55]

Europe released the War Of Kings Special Edition together with Live Performance From Wacken Open Air Festival which was performed on 29 July 2015. The digital version was released on 27 November 2015 by UDR Records and the Blu-ray & DVD version released in early 2016.[citation needed]

In November 2016, Europe announced the 30th Final Countdown Anniversary Tour to celebrate the 30th anniversary of their top selling album "The Final Countdown". In this tour, they performed the entire "The Final Countdown" album and the entire "War Of Kings" album in every concert. They also filmed the concert performed in Roundhouse, London on 12 November 2016 and released it on 21 July 2017 via Blu-ray, DVD & iTunes Digital Download.[citation needed]

Walk the Earth (2017–present)

[edit]

In mid-2017, Europe announced their eleventh studio album, titled Walk the Earth. The album was released on 20 October via CD with bonus DVD and digital download.

In 2023 they announced their 40th anniversary tour titled "time capsule" touring all over Europe, the UK and Asia. The tour started on 21 September 2023 in Mérida Spain and concluded on 4 February 2024 in Taipei Taiwan. [citation needed]

Musical style and influences

[edit]

The band is mainly influenced by Whitesnake, Deep Purple, Rainbow, Led Zeppelin, Thin Lizzy, UFO and Michael Schenker Group.[9][10]

Band members

[edit]

Timeline

[edit]

Discography

[edit]
Main article: Europe discography

Studio albums

Accolades

[edit]

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Year Nominee / work Award associations Result Ref.
Award ceremony / media Category
1986 Themselves Rockbjörnen (Sweden) Best Swedish Group Won [56]
Gold Bravo Otto (Germany) Hard 'n Heavy Won [57]
1987 Gold Bravo Otto (Germany) Hard 'n Heavy Won [58]
1988 Gold Bravo Otto (Germany) Hard 'n Heavy Won [59]
1989 Silver Bravo Otto (Germany) Bands Hard 'n Heavy Won [60]
1990 Bronze Bravo Otto (Germany) Bands Hard 'n Heavy Won [61]
2015 Rockbjörnen (Sweden) Best Hard Rock/Metal Won [56]
Classic Rock Roll of Honour (UK) Comeback of the Year Won [62]
2018 Walk the Earth Grammis (Sweden) Best Hard Rock/Metal Won [63]
Year Award Result Ref.
1987 Pan European Awards 1986 (Music & Media) Won [64]
Year Award Nominee / work Result Ref.
2022 YouTube Billion Views Award "The Final Countdown" Won [65]

Other honors

[edit]
Year Award Result Ref.
2018 Swedish Music Hall of Fame Inducted [66]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Thomas, Stephen (n.d.). "Europe: Artist Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  2. ^ Reynolds, Dave (August 1983). "Europe – Europe". Metal Forces. No. 1. p. 22. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  3. ^ McPadden, Mike (24 September 2015). "The Hair Metal 100: Ranking the '80s Greatest Glam Bands, Part 4". VH1. Viacom. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  4. ^ a b Simms, Kelley (17 March 2015). "Europe – War of Kings". Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  5. ^ "Hårdrock tog priset. Enköpingsband vann rock-SM". DN.SE. 27 April 1993. Retrieved 11 November 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Rock group Europe plan comeback". BBC News. 3 October 2003. Retrieved 12 August 2008.
  7. ^ a b c "Billboard.com - Artist Chart History - Europe". Billboard.com. Retrieved 24 June 2008.
  8. ^ a b c d "Billboard.com - Artist Chart History - Europe". Billboard.com. Retrieved 24 June 2008.
  9. ^ a b "Europe – Interview with Joey Tempest". metal-rules.com. 9 January 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  10. ^ a b "Joey Tempest - Europe - Uber Rock Interview Exclusive". uberrock.co.uk. Archived from the original on 16 September 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o 1982-1992 (CD booklet). Europe. Epic Records. 1993. EPC 473589-1.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  12. ^ a b c d "Fireworks Magazine: Issue 26". Rathole.com. Archived from the original on 2 February 2008. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
  13. ^ Tengner, Anders; Michael Johansson (1987). Europe - den stora rockdrömmen (in Swedish). Wiken. ISBN 91-7024-408-1.
  14. ^ "For legendary metal band Europe, 'The Final Countdown' goes on forever". Fox News. 25 November 2015. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  15. ^ "Metal Express Radio". Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 15 April 2008.
  16. ^ "europe | Hårdrocksbloggen". Bloggar.aftonbladet.se. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  17. ^ Rodrigo Silva (22 July 2015), Swedish Metal Aid - Give A Helpin' Hand (Nöjesmassakern 11th Oct. 1985) HD, archived from the original on 13 November 2021, retrieved 25 October 2018
  18. ^ "Great moments in hair metal history: SWEDISH METAL AID". Fromans. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
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  24. ^ Prisoners in Paradise (CD booklet). Europe. Spitfire Records. 2001. 5190-2.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  25. ^ "Tokyo Dome Past Schedule Concerts". tokyo-dome.co.jp. Archived from the original on 12 August 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Fireworks Magazine: Issue 18". RATHOLE.com. Archived from the original on 14 December 2007. Retrieved 15 April 2008.
  27. ^ a b "Fireworks Magazine: Issue 17". Rathole.com. Archived from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2007.
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  29. ^ "Europe Singer: 'We Have More Great Songs Than Just The Final Countdown'". roadrunnerrecords.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2008.
  30. ^ "Europe: Footage From Stockholm Semi-Acoustic Concert Posted Online". roadrunnerrecords.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 25 July 2008.
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  33. ^ "Bonafide to Support Europe and Deep Purple in Sweden". roadrunnerrecords.com. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 10 August 2008.
  34. ^ "The Highway Star — Purple smokes with Norum". thehighwaystar.com. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
  35. ^ "Marcel Jacob". jeffscottsoto.com. Archived from the original on 24 July 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2009.
  36. ^ "Universal Music". universalmusic.se (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 10 September 2009. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
  37. ^ "Europe: 'Last Look At Eden' Due In August/September". roadrunnerrecords.com. Archived from the original on 20 July 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2009.
  38. ^ "Europetheband blog: Some answers..." europethebandblog.blogspot.com. 9 December 2008. Retrieved 9 December 2008.
  39. ^ "Europetheband blog: New directions". europethebandblog.blogspot.com. 9 December 2008. Retrieved 9 December 2008.
  40. ^ "Blogs.myspace.com". Blogs.myspace.com. 2 September 2009. Archived from the original on 8 September 2009. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  41. ^ "Mind-blowing end to a fantastic Jamboree!". worldscoutjamboree.se. Archived from the original on 24 August 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
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  43. ^ "Europe Taps Producer Kevin Shirley For New Album". roadrunnerrecords.com. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011.
  44. ^ [1] Archived 12 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ "EUROPE: New Album Title Revealed". roadrunnerrecords.com. Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
  46. ^ "VICTOR ROCKS". Jvcmusic.co.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 1 March 2012.
  47. ^ "Europe släpper ny skiva 25 april". Ymlp.com (in Swedish). Retrieved 1 March 2012.
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  49. ^ "EUROPE's 30th-Anniversary Performance At SWEDEN ROCK FESTIVAL To Be Filmed For DVD Release". Blabbermouth.net. 21 December 2012. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
  50. ^ Rushworth, Simon (28 December 2013). "RUSHONROCK ROLL OF HONOUR 2013: DVDs – Rushonrock". Rushonrock.com. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
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  52. ^ "EUROPE To Perform Wings Of Tomorrow Album On Swedish Tour In March". bravewords.com. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  53. ^ a b "EUROPE To Release 'War Of Kings' On UDR Records In March MelodicRock.com". melodicrock.com. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
  54. ^ "Black Star Riders name second album". Classic Rock. 21 November 2014.
  55. ^ "EUROPE Performs 'The Final Countdown' In New GEICO Commercial". Blabbermouth.net. 12 September 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  56. ^ a b "TIDIGARE VINNARE I ROCKBJÖRNEN". Aftonbladet. 21 May 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  57. ^ "DIE OTTO - SIEGER 1986". bravo-archiv.de. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  58. ^ "DIE OTTO - SIEGER 1987". bravo-archiv.de. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  59. ^ "DIE OTTO - SIEGER 1988". bravo-archiv.de. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  60. ^ "DIE OTTO - SIEGER 1989". bravo-archiv.de. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  61. ^ "DIE OTTO - SIEGER 1990". bravo-archiv.de. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
  62. ^ "Watch Entire 2015 Classic Rock Roll Of Honour Awards Ceremony - Blabbermouth.net". Blabbermouth.net. 23 December 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  63. ^ "GRAMMIS 18 - VINNARNA! - Grammisgalan". grammis.se. 8 February 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
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  65. ^ "Billion Awards". 22 September 2022.
  66. ^ "Swedish music hall of fame 2018 - De väljs in". Aftonbladet. 3 May 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
[edit]

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