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Elmina R. Lucke

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Elmina R. Lucke
Born
Elmina Rose Lucke

(1889-12-06)December 6, 1889
Carleton, Michigan
DiedOctober 31, 1987(1987-10-31) (aged 97)
Sarasota, Florida
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)educator, Social worker
Years active1912-1969
Known forestablishing the first master's degree program for social work in Asia

Elmina Rose Lucke (December 6, 1889 – October 31, 1987) was an American educator, social worker and international relations expert. After graduating from Oberlin College, she taught high school in Ohio and worked on social service projects before earning her doctorate in International Law and Relations from Columbia University. From 1927 to 1946, she taught at the Teachers College of Columbia making numerous trips abroad to study social work. In 1946, she moved to India to found the first master's degree program in Asia and second school of social work in the country, serving as its director for the next three years. Between 1950 and 1955, she served as a consultant to social work schools in Cairo, Egypt and Pakistan. From 1959 to 1965, she served as a delegate to the United Nations for various women's groups, presenting proposals on issues which impacted women. She was honored by the United Nations for her work in international relations in 1975 and was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 1986.

Early life

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Elmina Rose Lucke was born on December 6, 1889, in Carleton, Michigan[1] to Carrie (née Strait) and Jacob J. Lucke.[2][3] Both of Lucke's parents were second generation German immigrants, whose families had been granted land bordering the Western Reserve in lower Michigan.[4] Her father was a cattleman and livestock trader, while her mother raised Lucke and her younger brother, Ralph, encouraging them in their education.[2][5] Elmina, named after a character in the book John Bull, Uncle Sam and Johnny Crapaud[6] began her education in a one-room schoolhouse before completing her high school education at Central High School in Toledo, Ohio, in 1908.[7][8] Lucke initially began her quest for a university degree at Smith College, but after difficulties in the living and enrollment process, decided to attend Oberlin College,[9] from where she graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1912.[1]

Career

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Upon completion of her studies, Lucke returned to Carleton and helped found the first high school in the village, before enrolling in the University of Berlin to continue her education. Her graduate study award was eliminated because of the outbreak of World War I and Lucke returned to the states in 1914.[1] Between 1914 and 1917, she worked as a high school teacher at Scott High School in Toledo. Beginning in 1917, Lucke was employed in several governmental social service posts, working as a director of services for the United States Children's Bureau of Gary, Indiana, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics as a social research surveyor in Kansas and Oklahoma through 1919. Simultaneously, she attended courses at the University of Chicago in social work.[8]

Under the auspices of the National Board of the YWCA, Lucke founded the Detroit International Institute in 1919. The organization aimed to provide social services to the half-million recent immigrants in the Detroit metropolitan area. Lucke served as the director for the first five years of the Institute's history,[1][8] hiring staff speaking the 27 different languages necessary to communicate with their clients.[10] She then returned to teaching high school in 1923. Based on her experience in international relations, she was accepted in 1926 to Columbia University's graduate program in International Law and Relations, as one of the first two women to enter the specialty.[1][8] Earning her Master of Arts in 1927, Lucke was hired to teach at the Lincoln School of Teachers College, Columbia University,[1] which also allowed her to pursue the research which she needed to complete a PhD.[11] Between August 1930 and August 1931, Lucke traveled throughout Asia,[12] conducting research and teaching which was enabled through funding provided by the American Historical Association.[8] She returned to Columbia and taught until 1946.[13][14] Simultaneously from 1937, she served on the national board of the American Council of Nationalities Service[1] and was affiliated as an education consultant and social welfare advisor to the United Nations from its founding in 1945.[15]

In 1946, Lucke took a sabbatical from Columbia at the request of the YWCA to found a graduate program for social work in India.[13][14] At the time, there was one school of social work in India, located in Madras (now known as Chennai). The school's alumni, averaging about 40 graduates per year, were insufficient to provide sufficient service for the population and had to restrict their work to urban areas with high need. Lucke was hired as an advisor to develop a second school, which would also offer a master's program.[1][14] For the first year, the school operated from Bombay (now Mumbai), visiting various regions to assess the needs throughout the country, speaking with those working in institutions, as well as conducting field work.[16] On the eve of the country's Independence from Britain, the school, which had been intended to serve Burma (now Myanmar), Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and India, found itself also serving Pakistan and dealing with rioting as they moved to the new facility in Delhi.[14][16] Lucke remained in India until 1949, as director of the school which became affiliated with the University of Delhi,[1] and the first school in Asia to grant master's degrees in social work.[17]

In 1950, Lucke went to Cairo as a Fulbright Scholar to assist in developing social work schools. Simultaneously, she worked as a consultant to the Point Four Program, launched by President Truman,[1][8] which provided technical support to developing nations.[18] Between 1952 and 1954, she developed an educational curriculum for social work in Pakistan under the direction of the United Nations Technical Assistance Program.[1] Returning to the United States in 1955, Lucke was appointed to the Lincoln School's Board of Trustees[8] and the following year was granted a Doctor of humane letters degree from Oberlin College.[1]

In 1959, the International Federation of University Women (IFUW) appointed Lucke as the organization's representative to the United Nations.[8] In 1964, she served as a delegate of the IFUW to the Pan-Pacific and Southeast Asia Women's Association (PPSEAWA) Tonga Conference, and attended seminars in Brisbane and Melbourne. The following year, she was appointed by PPSEAWA as its delegate to the United Nations, attending the U.N. Conference on Women in Teheran, where she presented a draft on issues facing women. In 1969, she resigned from the American Council of Nationalities Service and attempted to retire in Florida.[8][17] Lucke was honored by the United Nations in 1975, for her work[19] which was "marked by a sensitivity to indigenous people and their culture and a deep understanding of social structures and issues".[1] She was inducted into the Michigan Women's Hall of Fame in 1986 for her roles in developing international relations and social work.[20] That same year, Unforgettable Memories, a book printed in India was published about her time in the country, as a diary of her experiences. Unsatisfied with the portrayal,[21] her memoirs Remembering at eighty eight: Letters I should have written were published the following year.[22][1]

Death and legacy

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Lucke died on October 31, 1987, in Sarasota, Florida.[1][8] Her papers were donated to the Sophia Smith Collection, Women's History Archive at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts.[8] Delhi School of Social Work has instituted an award in her memory which is awarded annually to the student who scores highest marks in Field Work practicum of Social Work curriculum at postgraduate level.

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Sophia Smith Collection 1988, p. 49.
  2. ^ a b U. S. Census 1910, p. 8A.
  3. ^ Ohio Death Records 1941.
  4. ^ Van Voris 1986, p. 4.
  5. ^ Van Voris 1986, p. 5.
  6. ^ Van Voris 1986, p. 6.
  7. ^ Van Voris 1986, pp. 7–8.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Sophia Smith Collection 2004.
  9. ^ Van Voris 1986, p. 10.
  10. ^ Kaplan 1986, p. 4B.
  11. ^ Van Voris 1986, pp. 23–24.
  12. ^ Van Voris 1986, pp. 24–25.
  13. ^ a b Campbell 1949, p. 5.
  14. ^ a b c d King 1949, p. 24.
  15. ^ The Bristol Daily Courier 1959, p. 9.
  16. ^ a b The Women's Press 1949, p. 1.
  17. ^ a b The Age 1964, p. 16.
  18. ^ Paterson 1972–1973, pp. 119–120.
  19. ^ Perry 1975, p. 61.
  20. ^ Kaplan 1986, pp. 1B, 4B.
  21. ^ Van Voris 1986, p. 1.
  22. ^ Van Voris 1986, p. 38.

Bibliography

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  • Campbell, Naomi (July 18, 1949). "Milady Muncie". The Star Press. Muncie, Indiana. p. 5. Retrieved 4 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  • Kaplan, Deborah (October 23, 1986). "Out of the garden and into the action (pt 1)". The Detroit Free Press. Detroit, Michigan. pp. 1B, 4B. Retrieved 4 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  • King, Nancy (November 20, 1949). "Amid Unrest, Rioting India Opens New School, Visitor Tells YW Here". The Daily Press. Newport News, Virginia. p. 24. Retrieved 4 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  • Paterson, Thomas G. (Winter 1972–1973). "Foreign Aid under Wraps: The Point Four Program". The Wisconsin Magazine of History. 56 (2). Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Historical Society: 119–126. ISSN 0043-6534. JSTOR 4634774.
  • Perry, Wanda (October 27, 1975). "Nations' festival drew continuous large crowds". The Tampa Bay Times. St. Petersburg, Florida. p. 61. Retrieved 4 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  • Van Voris, Jacqueline (1986). "Transcript of Interview with Elmina Lucke at her Home in Sarasota, Florida". Women and Social Movements. Northampton, Massachusetts: Sophia Smith Collection: Women's History Archive. Retrieved 4 March 2018 – via Alexander Street Press. Elmina Rose Lucke Papers, 1897-1987: Archival transcript.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  • "1910 US Federal Census: Ash Township, Monroe County, Michigan". FamilySearch. Washington, D. C.: National Archives and Records Administration. April 30, 1910. p. 8A. NARA series T624 roll 663, lines 42-45. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  • "AAUW Stages Meeting". The Bristol Daily Courier. Bristol, Pennsylvania. October 26, 1959. p. 9. Retrieved 4 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  • "A Second School of Social Work for Asia". Women and Social Movements. Northampton, Massachusetts: Sophia Smith Collection: Women's History Archive. January 1949. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 4 March 2018 – via Alexander Street Press. Elmina Rose Lucke Papers, 1897-1987: Archival clipping of an article from the Women's Press of New York City, New York.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  • "Elmina Rose Lucke, Social Worker". Women and Social Movements. Northampton, Massachusetts: Sophia Smith Collection: Women's History Archive. Winter 1988. p. 49. Retrieved 4 March 2018 – via Alexander Street Press. Elmina Rose Lucke Papers, 1897-1987: Archival clipping of a published obituary from an unidentified journal.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  • "Elmina Rose Lucke Papers Finding Aid". asteria.fivecolleges.edu. Northampton, Massachusetts: Sophia Smith Collection: Smith College. 2004. Archived from the original on 22 June 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
  • "Human Rights Are Advertised". The Age. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. September 22, 1964. p. 16. Retrieved 4 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  • "Ohio Death Records 1908-1953: Carrie Lucke". FamilySearch. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio Department of Health. October 2, 1941. p. 884. file #61890. Retrieved 4 March 2018.
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