[go: up one dir, main page]
Jump to content

2023 Al Haouz earthquake

Coordinates: 31°04′23″N 8°24′25″W / 31.073°N 8.407°W / 31.073; -8.407
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from 2023 Moroccan earthquake)

2023 Al Haouz earthquake
Clockwise from top: Imi N'Tala, Moulay Brahim, Tizi N'Test and Tansghart after the earthquake
2023 Al Haouz earthquake is located in Morocco
Agadir
Agadir
Casablanca
Casablanca
Marrakesh
Marrakesh
2023 Al Haouz earthquake
UTC time2023-09-08 22:11:01
ISC event626740945
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local date8 September 2023 (2023-09-08)
Local time23:11 DST
Magnitude6.9 Mw[1]
Depth19.0 km (11.8 mi)[1]
Epicenter31°04′23″N 8°24′25″W / 31.073°N 8.407°W / 31.073; -8.407
TypeOblique-thrust
Areas affectedMorocco
Total damageUS$7 billion
Max. intensityMMI IX (Violent)
Casualties2,960 killed, 5,674 injured

On 8 September 2023 at 23:11 DST (22:11 UTC), an earthquake with a moment magnitude of 6.9 and maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent) struck Morocco's Al Haouz Province. The earthquake's epicenter was 73.4 km (45.6 mi) southwest of Marrakesh, near the town of Ighil[2] and the Oukaïmeden ski resort in the Atlas Mountains.[3] It occurred as a result of shallow oblique-thrust faulting beneath the mountain range. At least 2,960 deaths were reported, with most occurring outside Marrakesh. Damage was widespread, and historic landmarks in Marrakesh were destroyed.[4] The earthquake was also felt in Spain, Portugal, and Algeria.[5][6][7]

It is the strongest instrumentally recorded earthquake in Morocco, the deadliest in the country since the 1960 Agadir earthquake, and the second-deadliest earthquake of 2023 after the Turkey–Syria earthquakes.[8] Its magnitude also makes it the largest earthquake on the African continent since the 2006 Mw  7.0 Mozambique earthquake and the largest in North Africa since the 1980 Mw  7.1 El Asnam earthquake.[9] Over 2.8 million people from Marrakesh and areas surrounding the Atlas Mountains were affected, including 100,000 children.[10][11][12][13] Following the earthquake, many countries offered humanitarian assistance, and Morocco announced a three-day period of national mourning.[14][15]

Tectonic setting

[edit]
Main article: Geology of Morocco
Earthquakes M5.5+ (1900–2016) in Mediterranean and North Africa

Morocco lies close to the Azores–Gibraltar Transform Fault, which is the boundary between the African plate and the Eurasian plate.[16] This zone of right-lateral strike-slip becomes transpressional at its eastern end, with the development of large thrust faults. To the east of the Strait of Gibraltar, in the Alboran Sea, the boundary becomes collisional in type. Most of the seismicity in Morocco is related to movement on that plate boundary, with the greatest seismic hazard in the north of the country close to the boundary.[17] In 2004, Al Hoceima was struck by a magnitude 6.3 earthquake that killed 628 people and left 926 injured. A magnitude 7.3 earthquake affecting neighboring Algeria in 1980 killed 2,500 people.[7]

The Atlas Mountains are an intracontinental mountain belt that extends 2,000 km (1,200 mi) from Morocco to Tunisia. These mountains formed from a collision during the Cenozoic. The mountain range reaches its highest elevation to the west, in Morocco.[18] The High Atlas formed during the reactivation of an ancient rift from the Triassic. However rather than extensional forces, the reactivation compressed the rift feature due to the collisional feature in the north.[19] Due to the unusually high topography of the Atlas range, mantle upwelling may have played a role in its orogeny. The crustal thickness beneath the range, 32–40 km (20–25 mi), was too thin to support the high elevations (>4,000 m (13,000 ft)); the expected crustal thickness was ~50 km (31 mi).[20]

Seismicity in Morocco is concentrated in the country's northern region and the Alboran Sea. South of the Rif, seismic activity is sparse but spread across the Middle Atlas, High Atlas, and Anti-Atlas. Seismicity in the Saharan Atlas is limited, and absent in the Saharan region south of the belt; it is also less active eastwards in Algeria and Tunisia. Previously, the largest earthquake recorded in the Atlas Mountains was the Mw  5.9 earthquake that struck Agadir in 1960. Earthquakes in the Atlas Mountains display focal mechanisms of strike-slip, thrust or a combination of both (oblique-slip).[21]

Earthquake

[edit]
Mw 6.8 earthquake at 22:11 UTC
A strong ground motion map of the mainshock
Strong ground motion map
Seismogram of the Mww 6.8 earthquake
Seismogram
Map
Main shock and aftershocks in Al Haouz Province, Marrakesh-Safi region – M 2.0 or greater (map data)

The Al Haouz earthquake is the strongest instrumentally recorded in Morocco's history,[22] surpassed only by upper estimates of the 1755 Meknes earthquake, at Mw 6.5–7.0.[23] It occurred at 19.0 km (11.8 mi) depth, and had a magnitude of Mww 6.8, according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS),[24] while Morocco's seismic agency reported a focal depth of 8 km (5.0 mi)[25] and magnitude of Mwp 7.2.[26][27] The Global Centroid Moment Tensor (GCMT) reported a magnitude of Mw 6.9.[28] The tremors were detected by monitoring stations as far away as Egypt.[29] Witnesses said the shaking lasted for about 20 seconds.[30] A magnitude 4.9 aftershock occurred 19 minutes after the mainshock,[25] while a magnitude 4.5 aftershock was reported on 10 September.[31]

Mechanism

[edit]
See also: Earthquake rupture and Fault mechanics

The earthquake had a focal mechanism indicating oblique-thrust faulting beneath the High Atlas. The rupture occurred on a steep-dipping oblique-reverse fault striking northwest or a shallow-dipping oblique-reverse fault striking east. The USGS estimated the fault rupture area to be 30 km (19 mi) by 25 km (16 mi). Many east-west and northeast–southwest strike-slip and thrust faults occur in the High Atlas. Since 1900, there has not been a Mw  6.0 or larger earthquake within 500 km (310 mi) of the recent earthquake's epicenter; but nine Mw  5.0 and larger events have occurred to its east. A finite fault model by the USGS indicates rupture occurred on an east-northeast–west-southwest striking, north–northwest dipping thrust fault. Slip was mostly concentrated around the hypocentre within an elliptical slip patch measuring about 30 km (19 mi) long by 25 km (16 mi) wide. A maximum displacement of 1.9 m (6 ft 3 in) was observed at 25 km (16 mi) depth while significant slip mainly occurred at 20–30 km (12–19 mi) depth; there was little to no slip close to the surface above 15 km (9.3 mi) depth. Generally, slip was observed at 15 km (9.3 mi) to 35 km (22 mi) depth.[24]

In another finite fault model published by Italy's National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, the focal depth was determined at 24.7 km (15.3 mi) beneath the High Atlas. The focal mechanism of this model displayed reverse and left-lateral faulting. Slip occurred in an elliptical area along an east-northeast–west-southwest trending fault dipping 69° north–northwest. Peak slip of 2 m (6 ft 7 in) occurred at 23.3 km (14.5 mi).[32]

Geodetic modeling suggests the earthquake originated from within the lower crust and ruptured up to the middle crust, beneath the High Atlas. The deeper depth and greater remoteness from populated areas compared to the earthquake that struck Agadir in 1960 meant fewer casualties and damage. The range of depth where slip occurred is unusually deep for crustal earthquakes although general seismicity in the area is low.[33] Mantle upwelling, responsible for the Atlas orogeny, may have played a role in triggering the earthquake. Fluid and magma from the upwelling may have injected fluid or magma into an existing fault, bringing it closer to failure and ultimately rupturing.[20]

As a result, no surface faulting occurred hence the fault responsible could not be identified. The focal mechanism suggests rupture on a steep north-dipping plane or shallow south-dipping plane. The USGS finite fault is aligned with the former solution. Two dominant systems; the North and South Atlas faults; both shallow-dipping thrust faults, occur in the western High Atlas; both fault geometries do not align with that of the USGS finite fault on a steeply-dipping plane. Other unmapped faults within the range, including the Tizi n'Test Fault, are closer to the surface projection of the USGS finite fault. If the rupture occurred on the shallow south-dipping plane, a possible source is a low-angle detachment beneath the High Atlas. Geologists have previously interpreted low-angle faults in the region in past studies. For the steep north-dipping plane, the possible source are unmapped or blind thrust faults.[34] The Tizi n'Test Fault is a north-dipping geological fault where no recent activity had been identified along the fault prior to the earthquake.[35]

Ground effects

[edit]

Vertical movement of the land surface detected by repeat observations of the Sentinel-1 satellite is consistent with movement on a blind thrust fault dipping north.[36] An analysis of satellite data obtained from Daichi-2 by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan revealed a 20 cm (7.9 in) surface uplift around the epicenter and 7 cm (2.8 in) of subsidence to the south. Surface deformation was observed around the epicenter across a 50 km (31 mi) area trending east–west, and 100 km (62 mi) trending north–south.[37]

According to the United States Geological Survey's PAGER service, the earthquake had a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). Intensity VIII (Severe) shaking was felt by approximately 157,000 residents, including the town of Azgour and villages surrounding the Atlas Mountains. Intensity VII (Very Strong) shaking was felt by over 811,000 people, with intensity VI (Strong) shaking felt by 3.2 million residents, including in the cities of Marrakesh, Taroudant and Ouarzazate. Shaking of intensity V (Moderate) was felt in Agadir, Beni Mellal, and Safi, with intensity IV (Light) shaking being felt in Casablanca.[38] According to the European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre, it was also felt in Portugal, Spain, Mauritania, Algeria, Western Sahara and along the coast of the Strait of Gibraltar.[39]

Damage and casualties

[edit]
See also: Moroccan architecture § Constructions methods and materials
Affected areas and damage assessment, EU Emergency Response Coordination Centre (ERCC)

At least 2,960 people died and 5,674 were injured;[40][41] over 2,500 of the injured were seriously hurt.[42] Many fatalities occurred in remote locations south of Marrakesh.[43][44] In Al-Haouz and Taroudant provinces, the death toll stood at 1,684 and 980, respectively.[41][45] Forty-one people died in Ouarzazate;[46] 202 died in Chichaoua and 18 deaths were recorded in Marrakesh.[47] There were also fatalities in Casablanca, Agadir and Youssoufia.[48] One person was injured by rockfalls in Imi N'Tala following a magnitude 3.5 aftershock on 13 September.[49] At least 40,759 houses and 2,930 villages[10] were damaged; 19,095 additional houses collapsed.[24]

Four French nationals[50][51] and a British cyclist were among the fatalities.[52] Fifteen French nationals and some Americans were injured.[51][53] In Moulay Brahim, where 40 people died,[54] residents became trapped under collapsed buildings and volunteers made rescue attempts.[55] At least 585 schools were damaged, seven teachers died and 39 others were injured.[54]

The earthquake caused $7 billion in damage.[56] Direct economic loss represented 0.24 of the nation's GDP, or $308 million.[57] Some homes in older parts of Marrakesh and portions of the city walls collapsed,[58] leaving families trapped beneath debris.[59] At Jemaa el-Fnaa, a minaret of the Kharboush Mosque and parts of its walls collapsed, crushing vehicles below.[60] The Kutubiyya Mosque was also damaged.[25] Several buildings in the Medina of Marrakesh, a UNESCO World Heritage Site dating from the 12th century, also collapsed.[30][44] Power cuts led to Internet service disruptions.[61] The historic 12th-century Tinmel Mosque was extensively destroyed; a tower partially collapsed and walls fell.[62] In Tinmel village, 15 people were killed.[63]

The Interior Ministry said the majority of damage occurred away from cities and towns.[25] Near the epicenter in the High Atlas, public television channel Al Aoula reported many buildings collapsed.[64] Entire villages near the epicenter were levelled.[65] At the earthquake's epicenter in the town of Al-Haouz, a collapsed house trapped its residents under rubble.[66] At Amizmiz, a village near the epicenter, rescuers used their hands to sort through debris.[67] Severe damage was reported throughout most of the town, and up to 2,000 people were feared to have died there.[50] Nearly all of the 50 traditional houses in the village of Majat were destroyed and dozens of its inhabitants were killed.[68] Ninety-percent of houses in Asni were destroyed.[69] In the village of Anerni, 36 people died.[70] Additional homes in towns near the epicenter collapsed partly or completely. Electricity and roads were also cut in some areas.[71] In Essaouira, parts of facades fell off.[61]

The towns of Tafeghaghte,[72] Adassil and Imlil, and nearby villages surrounding Mount Toubkal were destroyed or severely damaged.[73][74] An estimated 200 homes were destroyed in Ijoukak[75] and between 80 and 100 residents, around half of its population, were killed.[76] In Tafeghaghte, a village of 200 residents, 90 died and many remained missing.[54] The village of Ighil, near the epicenter, was also severely damaged, however only one injury occurred, as nearly all of the village's residents were attending an outdoor wedding at the time of the earthquake.[77] In Adassil, 32 students from the same school were killed.[78] Outside Agadir, in the villages of Taqi and Tadrart, many homes were destroyed.[79] At least 70 people died in the village of Imi N'Tala.[80] In the city of Taroudant, over 400 people were killed.[81] Several old or historic districts in the city were badly damaged.[82] Isolated villages in the Ouirgane Valley still had no electrical and telecommunication services two days after the earthquake,[83] while more than 30 people died in the main village.[84] In the village of Douzrou, roughly 100 residents died.[85] The condition in Tinzert was described as "one giant pile of rubble";[86] at least 22 deaths occurred.[87] Moroccan television reported that more than "18,000 families" had been affected in Al-Haouz alone.[31] Some residents accused authorities of preventing them from renovating their houses, predominantly constructed using mud bricks, with cement, in order to preserve their historic value and attract tourists.[88]

  • Earthquake aftermath in Marrakesh and Moulay Brahim

Search and rescue

[edit]
Ruins of the Tinmal Mosque

People in Marrakesh removed rubble by hand while awaiting heavy equipment. Many residents remained outdoors for fear of another earthquake. Posts on social media showed people evacuating a shopping centre, restaurants and apartment buildings.[67] Residents of the city spent the first three nights outdoors;[89] filling up roundabouts, car parks and a public square.[90] Some businesses in the city reopened on 10 September as King Mohammed VI recommended commercial operations to continue.[91] Unsafe portions of the city were sealed off by officials while tourists and locals continued to move about.[92] In the capital, Rabat, 350 km (220 mi) north of the epicenter, and at Imsouane, a coastal town, residents left their homes.[93]

External videos
video icon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsk2tnN1-Q4&ab_channel=VOAAfrica

The General Secretary of the Directorate General of Internal Affairs said officials and security teams assembled resources to supply aid and assess damage.[94] The Moroccan army cleared one of the main roads to the worst-affected areas, allowing vital assistance to reach people. In Salé, trucks carried blankets, camp beds and lighting devices to the affected areas. Semi-trailers also carried supplies to reach these areas.[95] Local channel 2M shared videos of emergency vehicles travelling along a dirt road.[96] Rescue missions were disrupted as the roads through the mountainous region were congested with vehicles and fallen rocks.[97] Collapsed buildings made from traditional mud brick, stone and rough wood complicated lowered the chances of survival as these materials disintegrated and amalgamated. The amalgamated rubble left limited air pockets for those trapped.[98] In Al-Haouz Province, rocks were removed from roads to enable ambulances and aid to reach the affected areas.[97] A highway in the Atlas Mountains, congested with ambulances, taxis and Red Cross members, was used to treat the injured; the severely wounded were transported to a hospital in Marrakesh.[99] In remote areas that were difficult to access, the Royal Moroccan Armed Forces used helicopters to supply basic needs.[100] The Moroccan Health Ministry mobilized more than 2,000 doctors and nurses to respond to the earthquake.[101]

There was a surge in wounded people admitted to hospitals in Marrakesh.[102] Injured people from outside Marrakesh also began to trickle into the city to get treatment.[103] An appeal was made to the city's residents for blood donations.[104] On the morning of 9 September, roughly 200 people, including tourists, visited a hospital to donate blood.[105] Among those who donated were the Moroccan national football team.[106] The initiative amassed 6,000 bags of blood within a day of the campaign launch.[107] Damage assessments in Marrakesh revealed most of the city was relatively undamaged.[105]

King Mohammed VI, who was reportedly in France at the time of the earthquake,[108] authorised the deployment of the Royal Moroccan Army in various affected cities in order to help.[109][110] He also declared three days of national mourning and ordered the creation of a relief commission to provide survivors with aid, and the opening of special bank accounts to allow donations.[111][112][113] Following a meeting with the King on 11 September, Prime Minister Aziz Akhannouch, in his first remarks on the disaster, said that the government was committed to funding rebuilding and compensating those affected.[80] King Mohammed VI also visited the Marrakesh University Hospital on 12 September, with state media saying that he met with earthquake victims and donated blood.[114]

The Army set up a field hospital in Moulay Brahim.[115] Rescue personnel used heavy equipment to recover survivors and bodies from debris.[116] Survivors from the village began digging graves on a hill to bury the dead.[117] A large tent was set-up in the village to house the homeless.[99] Operations at Marrakesh Airport remained normal but two Ryanair flights from Marrakesh to Brussels and Beauvais, France, that were scheduled for 9 September were cancelled. British Airways replaced its regular aircraft to Marrakesh with a larger one to carry British nationals requesting repatriation.[118]

International response

[edit]
British and Spanish aid, 11 September.

Indonesia,[119] Malaysia,[120] Singapore,[121] Australia,[122] Canada,[123] Jordan,[124] Japan,[125] South Korea,[126] Qatar,[127] Saudi Arabia,[128] Spain,[129][130] India,[131] Algeria,[132] Argentina,[133] France,[134][135] Germany,[136] Iran,[137] Israel,[138] the Philippines,[139] Portugal,[140] Pakistan,[141] Romania,[142] Switzerland,[143] Taiwan,[144] Thailand,[145] Oman,[146] Turkey,[147] Kuwait,[146] the United Kingdom,[148] the United States,[149][53] the European Union,[150] and the United Nations[151] offered to provide assistance and support to Morocco.[152] The Netherlands released €5 million in emergency aid,[153][154] while the Red Cross Society of China gave the Moroccan Red Crescent $200,000 for emergency humanitarian assistance.[155] The European Commission pledged 1 million euros ($1.07 million) to support relief efforts.[63] Aerospace company Boeing announced a $300,000-donation to the American Red Cross and CARE International.[156] Other world leaders and heads of states offered condolences.[157][158][159]

The 18-hour delay for King Mohammed VI to make an official announcement on the earthquake received criticism socially. There was also criticism of the government's delay in making an official request for assistance and that more external aid was not allowed.[160] Frustration also grew among international aid groups on standby as they had not received formal requests.[89] The Moroccan government did not formally ask for foreign assistance;[91] however, they accepted aid from Qatar, Spain, United Arab Emirates, and the United Kingdom.[161] Officials said they have only approved the offer of four countries because "a lack of coordination could be counterproductive". They added that other offers may be approved when there is a need.[162] On 17 September, the king sent formal messages to representatives of the four countries' search and rescue teams, thanking them for their assistance.[163]

Benoît Payan, the mayor of Marrakesh's sister city Marseille, France, announced that he was sending firefighters to Morocco to help with rescue operations.[164][165] The President of the Regional Council of Île-de-France Valérie Pécresse sent $535,000 in aid. The French Embassy in Morocco [fr] opened a crisis unit hotline.[166] A rescue crew was sent from Nice, while communities across the country offered more than 2 million euros ($2.1 million) in aid.[113][167] The French government released 5 million euros ($5.4 million) in aid for NGOs operating in Morocco. Arnaud Fraisse, head of Secouristes Sans Frontières (Rescuers Without Borders), said its teams were prevented by Moroccan authorities from entering the country on 10 September.[108] On 10 September, Minister for Digital Affairs Jean-Noël Barrot said that all French mobile phone operators had begun offering free calls and text messages to Morocco.[168] In Belgium, a public memorial service for the victims of the earthquake was held in the city centre of Antwerp on 12 September, during which the Moroccan national anthem was played and a minute of silence for the dead was conducted.[169] A six-man rescue team and four rescue dogs from De Rips in the Netherlands flew from Brussels to help in the search and rescue operations at the request of local residents.[170] The town of Hilversum donated €20,000 to the victims. The Dutch Red Cross also launched a relief drive called Giro 6868 to help the victims, with about €3.8 million worth of aid being received.[171] Norway, through the country's red cross, pledged NOK 10 million in aid to the victims.[172]

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and King Abdullah II of Jordan ordered their governments to send aid to Morocco,[173][174][175] while the United Arab Emirates's president Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan ordered the establishment of an air bridge to transport relief aid and other support,[176][177] as did Saudi Arabia.[178] Sultan Haitham bin Tarik of Oman ordered rescue teams and medical aid to be sent to Morocco on 10 September.[179] On 12 September, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi declared three days of national mourning for the victims of the earthquake and those of Storm Daniel in Libya on 10 and 11 September.[180]

Algeria, for the first time since 2021, opened its airspace to Morocco to facilitate the arrival of humanitarian aid.[181][132] The following day, Algeria proposed an 80-member specialised civil protection intervention team.[182] Spain placed its Military Emergencies Unit, its other aid agencies, and its embassy in Rabat at Morocco's disposal.[183] Two Spanish Air Force aircraft carrying 86 soldiers and eight search dogs were flown to Marrakesh after the Moroccan government made a bilateral appeal.[162][113] The Czech Republic announced it was ready to send about 70 members of a rescue team, including nine doctors, after receiving an official request from the Moroccan government. Czech Defense Minister Jana Černochová said three military planes were prepared to transport the team.[113][184]

The International Charter on Space and Major Disasters was activated by the United Nations Institute for Training and Research on behalf of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies to provide humanitarian satellite coverage.[185] On 9 September, a team of 50 paramedics and personnel from Tunisia arrived. The team also brought search dogs, thermal imaging devices, a drone, and field hospital.[167] A Qatari rescue team arrived in Morocco on 11 September.[186] By 6 October, the Moroccan Red Crescent had supported over 50,000 people. They deployed over 290 volunteers across the affected provinces to assist in search and rescue efforts, preparing medical caravans and makeshift medical tents.[187]

The Confederation of African Football postponed the qualifying match for the 2023 Africa Cup of Nations between Morocco and Liberia, which was due to be held in Agadir on 9 September.[188][189] The qualifying match between the Republic of the Congo and The Gambia went ahead as scheduled in Marrakesh on 10 September.[190] UEFA announced a moment of silence for the victims for all club and national team matches until 21 September.[191]

UNESCO experts visited the Medina of Marrakesh on 9 September to take a first look at the damage. The organization said it would provide support according to the needs expressed, with Director General Audrey Azoulay specifying "whether it is a matter of surveying the damage in the fields of heritage and education, making buildings safe or preparing for reconstruction".[192][193][194]

Recovery and assistance

[edit]

On 14 September, the monarchy announced that 50,000 houses had been damaged by the earthquake, and pledged shelter and 30,000 dirhams ($3,000) to affected households, as well as reconstruction aid of 140,000 dirhams for collapsed homes and 80,000 for damaged ones.[195] These payouts were processed via monthly instalments. The prime minister issued a statement stating that 63,800 households were actively receiving the monthly payouts of 2,500 dirhams ($257).[57] The King also conferred the status of "Wards of the Nation" to all children orphaned by the earthquake.[196]

The Red Cross announced the recovery process could take years;[197] several villages near the epicenter in the remote mountainous region were completely flattened and/or inaccessible,[198] with the paucity of infrastructure such railways, roads, and hospitals vis-à-vis the north of the country hampering relief efforts.[199]

On 20 September, a five-year-long rehousing plan estimated at US$11.7 billion was announced after a discussion with King Mohammed VI, army and government personnel. It was projected to benefit 4.2 million people in the provinces of Al-Haouz, Chichaoua, Taroudant, Marrakech, Ouarzazate and Azilal. Besides rehousing, the project also aims to promote social and economic growth in the region through improved infrastructure. The government's budget, international assistance and a reserve scheme would supply the funds needed for the project. The country promised to provide aid of US$14,000 and $8,000 for collapsed and damaged homes, respectively.[200] Compensation of US$38,000 and $21,000 would be provided for totally destroyed and partially destroyed homes, respectively. The government would also provide monthly support over a year of US$244 to affected families.[10] By January 2024, the government said around 57,600 families had received the monthly support and more than 44,000 households received reconstruction aid.[201]

During the Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group held in Marrakesh, Morocco and Spain agreed on lending €11.6 million to support the reconstruction campaign.[202] The United Kingdom's Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office also added it would provide £1.45 million to address the immediate needs and long-term recovery. Financial assistance would target healthcare, shelter and the local agriculture industry.[203]

Aid and crisis management

[edit]

International aid

[edit]

Offers of assistance flooded in from countries and organisations including the United States, France, Turkey,[204] the European Commission, the African Union, the International Monetary Fund, and Algeria, which maintains tumultuous relations with Morocco. Despite many offers to assist, Morocco only officially accepted aid from four countries[205][206]—Spain, the United Kingdom, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates.[207] The president of the NGO Secouristes sans frontières, Arnaud Fraisse, stated, "We do not understand this situation of blocking on the part of the Moroccan government. There is no explanation at the moment."[208] The Lebanese newspaper L'Orient-Le Jour declared Morocco, "despite being wounded, is snubbing international aid", forcing local officials to organise assistance.[209]

On 11 September, Algeria prepared three planes equipped with all the necessary medication and food supplies, along with a team of 93 rescuers.[210][211] This came after Justice Minister Abdellatif Ouahbi's statement on television affirming that Algeria's aid was favorable and that coordination with the Moroccan Ministry of Foreign Affairs was required. Shortly after, the Moroccan press criticised Ouahbi's behavior,[212][213][214][215] prompting him to clarify a few hours later that his statements had been misunderstood and misinterpreted.[216][217][218] The aid was refused as Morocco informed the Algerian Consul in Casablanca that they did not need the proposed assistance.[219][220]

In contrast, Israeli NGOs provided aid upon arrival in Morocco without official approval from the Moroccan or Israeli governments.[221] On 14 September, a scheduled German Red Cross flight from Leipzig to Morocco was suddenly suspended just before takeoff. In a statement, the organization said: "for reasons beyond our control and that of our partners in the Red Cross and Red Crescent movement." The flight carrying aid, tents and mats was requested by the Moroccan Red Crescent.[222]

In response to these observations, the Moroccan Interior Ministry said on 10 September that its selective acceptance of aid was "based on a precise assessment of needs on the ground" but not an outright rejection of such offers.[223]

Crisis management

[edit]

The Spanish newspaper El Mundo criticised the delayed reaction of King Mohammed VI as he remained "silent for hours after the drama".[224][209] The newspaper on the other hand quoted the French ambassador in Morocco, Christophe Lecourtier [fr], who justified the delay by stating that "the Moroccan authorities were conducting an evaluation of the situation", since "the southern region was isolated and far from urban centres". This statement was echoed by spokesperson of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Anne-Claire Legendre [fr], who added that "the needs must be established prior to making a request for help".[224]

Another Spanish daily, El País, found the king's "silence" in the face of the tragedy "disturbing". L'Humanité expressed concern over the "dangerous inertia of Moroccan power".[209] Having been in Paris since 1 September for medical reasons,[224][225] King Mohammed VI returned to Rabat on 9 September, where images showed him in a working meeting.[226]

Protests

[edit]

On 25 October 2023, hundreds of people took to the streets of Amizmiz, one of the worst-hit towns, to protest against local and regional authorities over delays in the delivery of emergency aid and cash support for the affected families. The protests, arranged by the Amizmiz Earthquake Victims' Coordination, came after a worker's strike and repeated storms that had further worsened living conditions for the residents. After a meeting with local officials, the organization called off the demonstration, but many people still went ahead with the protests. Many families had also not received cash support which was promised by the government despite providing their contact details. They were also concerned about housing as winter was approaching.[227] In January 2024, protests were held in Talat N'Yaaqoub and in Taroudant Province over delays in the delivery of financial relief.[201] Another protest broke out in the town in late August over the slow rebuilding efforts, lack of state investment and social assistance.[57]

Reconstruction

[edit]

A year on, many residents continued to live in makeshift tents, guesthouses or their relatives' places. Ruins in some localities close to the epicenter were still present.[228] Of the 55,000 new homes planned, only 1,000 were completed.[57] The government's reconstruction campaign received backlash for its ineffectiveness; called "supervised self-construction", these reconstruction funds paid in instalments were intended to be used by recipients to source their own method of rebuilding. This system involves an appointed architect laying the blueprints for a new home, and residents can build these homes by themselves or hiring others. Residents complained that the lack of workers, construction materials, cost of materials and labour, and inaccessibility to some sites have made these solutions difficult to fulfil. Furthermore, government management flaws resulted in some residents still waiting for their payouts.[228]

In Ait Bourd, an independent organisation, Amal Biladi, assisted in constructing 20 noualas, a type of earthquake-resistant and insulated temporary home. The chairman of Amal Biladi said the group aimed to complete another 30 noualas by the end of 2024. Some architects and authorities debated over the use of concrete over traditional earth and stone for reconstruction. Those architects argued that concrete homes presented ecological problems, departed from tradition and were costlier. They added that traditional earth and stone were earthquake-resistant and criticised the rushed nature of reconstruction; demolishing homes, even those that were only partly destroyed, and rebuilding the whole structure. Some damaged traditionally-constructed homes could be easily repaired instead of being torn down.[228]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b International Seismological Centre. Bulletin of the ISC. Thatcham, United Kingdom. [Event 626740945].
  2. ^ "Powerful magnitude 6.8 earthquake rattles Morocco, with five believed dead". Al Jazeera. 8 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  3. ^ "Major earthquake strikes Oukaïmedene, Morocco". United States Geological Survey. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  4. ^ "'Fragile state': Fears for Marrakesh's ancient structures after earthquake". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  5. ^ Pedrosa, Jorge (9 September 2023). "Terremoto Málaga: Cuatro seísmos con epicentro en Marruecos se sienten en Andalucía" [Malaga Earthquake: Four earthquakes with epicenter in Morocco are felt in Andalusia] (in Spanish). Málaga Hoy. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  6. ^ "Where in Morocco did the 6.8 magnitude earthquake strike?". Al Jazeera. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  7. ^ a b "Morocco earthquake leaves at least 2,000 dead, damages historic landmarks and topples buildings". CBS News. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  8. ^ "Morocco earthquake: mourning begins as rescue continues with death toll over 2,000". The Guardian. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  9. ^ "Search Earthquake Catalog". United States Geological Survey. 20 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  10. ^ a b c "Morocco earthquake affected 2.8 million people, says minister". Reuters. 22 September 2023. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  11. ^ Kottasová, Ivana (10 September 2023). "Rescuers scramble to find survivors in Morocco after powerful earthquake kills more than 2,000". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  12. ^ Kouachi, Ikram (9 September 2023). "Thousands affected by powerful quake in Morocco's Marrakech: WHO". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  13. ^ "UNICEF: Over 100,000 children affected by Morocco quake". NHK World Japan. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  14. ^ "Morocco declares three days of national mourning following deadly earthquake". Reuters. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  15. ^ "Morocco Earthquake: Country declares 3 days of national mourning". WION. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023. Over 1,000 people were killed and more than 1,200 were injured in a terrible earthquake that rattled the kingdom late on Friday night, prompting Morocco to declare three days of national mourning.
  16. ^ Zitellini, N.; Gràcia, E.; Matias, L.; Terrinha, P.; Abreu, M. A.; DeAlteriis, G.; Henriet, J. P.; Dañobeitia, J. J.; Masson, D. G.; Mulder, T.; Ramella, R.; Somoza, L.; Diez, S. (15 April 2009). "The quest for the Africa–Eurasia plate boundary west of the Strait of Gibraltar" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 280 (1): 13–50. Bibcode:2009E&PSL.280...13Z. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.005. ISSN 0012-821X. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  17. ^ Cherkaoui T-E. (2012). "Seismicity and Seismic Hazard in Morocco 1901–2010". Bulletin de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat, section Sciences de la Terre. 34: 45–55. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  18. ^ Timoulali, Youssef; Nacer, Jabour; Youssef, Hahou; Mimoun, Chourak (2015). "Lithospheric structure in NW of Africa: Case of the Moroccan Atlas Mountains". Geodesy and Geodynamics. 6 (6): 397–408. Bibcode:2015G&G.....6..397T. doi:10.1016/j.geog.2015.12.003.
  19. ^ "Large earthquake in Morocco". GEOFON Program GFZ Potsdam. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 16 September 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  20. ^ a b Huang, Kai; Wei, Guoguang; Chen, Kejie; Zhang, Naiqian; Li, Mingjia; Zilio, Luca Dal (2024). "The 2023 Mw 6.8 Morocco Earthquake: A Lower Crust Event Triggered by Mantle Upwelling?". Geophysical Research Letters. 51 (12). doi:10.1029/2024GL109052. hdl:20.500.11850/679537.
  21. ^ Sébrier, Michel; Siame, Lionel Louis; Zouine, El Mostafa; Winter, Thierry; Morel, Jean-Luc; Missenard, Yves; Leturmy, Pascale (2006). "Active tectonics in the Moroccan High Atlas". Comptes Rendus Geoscience. 338 (1–2): 65–79. Bibcode:2006CRGeo.338...65S. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2005.12.001. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  22. ^ ISC (2022), ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1904–2018), Version 9.1, International Seismological Centre, archived from the original on 25 November 2016, retrieved 8 September 2023
  23. ^ Poujol, A.; Ritz, J.-F.; Vernant, P.; Huot, S.; Maate, S.; Tahayt, A. (2017). "Which fault destroyed Fes city (Morocco) in 1755? A new insight from the Holocene deformations observed along the southern border of Gibraltar arc". Tectonophysics. 712–713: 303–311. Bibcode:2017Tectp.712..303P. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2017.05.036.
  24. ^ a b c National Earthquake Information Center (8 September 2023). "M 6.8 – Al Haouz, Morocco". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  25. ^ a b c d Metz, Sam (9 September 2023). "Powerful earthquake strikes Morocco, killing hundreds and damaging historic buildings". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  26. ^ "Morocco's powerful earthquake: What we know so far". Al Jazeera. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  27. ^ "المعهد الوطني للجيوفيزياء يصدر تقريرا حول شدةالزلزال واختلافها من منطقة الى اخرى" [The National Institute of Geophysics issues a report on the intensity of the earthquake and its difference from one region to another] (in Arabic). 2M. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  28. ^ Global CMT Catalog Search (Data set), Global Centroid Moment Tensor, archived from the original on 9 September 2023, retrieved 9 September 2023
  29. ^ "Egypt extends condolences to Morocco after devastating earthquake". Al-Ahram. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  30. ^ a b "Powerful earthquake strikes Morocco, killing 300 and damaging historic Marrakech". CNN. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  31. ^ a b "Search for the missing continues as Morocco reels from tragic quake". Al Jazeera. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  32. ^ "Earthquake with magnitude of Mwp 6.8 on date 09-09-2023 and time 00:11:00 (Italy) in region Morocco". National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  33. ^ Seismological Society of America (15 December 2023). "Morocco earthquake had unusual deep slip, according to new modeling". ScienceDaily. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  34. ^ William L. Yeck; Alexandra E. Hatem; Dara E. Goldberg; William D. Barnhart; Jessica A. Thompson Jobe; David R. Shelly; Antonio Villaseñor; Harley M. Benz; Paul S. Earle (2023). "Rapid Source Characterization of the 2023 6.8 Al Haouz, Morocco, Earthquake". The Seismic Record. 3 (4): 357–366. Bibcode:2023SeisR...3..357Y. doi:10.1785/0320230040. hdl:10261/347965.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  35. ^ Wei-Haas, Maya (12 September 2023). "Satellite Data Yields Clues to Morocco's 'Blind Earthquake'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  36. ^ Amos, Jonathan (11 September 2023). "Morocco earthquake movement mapped from space". BBC News. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  37. ^ "Morocco quake pushed land up by 20 centimeters". NHK World-Japan. 15 September 2023. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
  38. ^ "Loss PAGER: M 6.8, Al Haouz, Morocco" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. 20 October 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
  39. ^ "مركز رصد الزلازل الأوروبي: 6 دول تأثرت من زلزال المغرب.. بينها دول عربية" [European Seismological Center: 6 countries were affected by the Moroccan earthquake, including Arab countries]. El Watan News (in Arabic). 8 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  40. ^ "أعداد قتلى زلزال الحوز تبلغ 2960 شخصا" [The death toll from the Al Haouz earthquake is 2,960 people] (in Arabic). Tanja7. 27 September 2023. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  41. ^ a b Rahhou, Jihane (13 September 2023). "Al Haouz Earthquake: Death Toll Climbs to 2946, with 5674 Injured". Morocco World News. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  42. ^ International Medical Corps (14 September 2023). "Morocco Earthquake: Situation Report #2 (September 14, 2023)". ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on 16 September 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  43. ^ "At least 100 feared dead after earthquake rocks Morocco". The Daily Telegraph. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  44. ^ a b "Earthquake in Morocco has killed dozens of people, officials say". Sky News. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  45. ^ "زلزال الحوز .. دفنUpdated toll of Morocco earthquake: 2,862 dead and 2,562 wounded". Assahifa. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  46. ^ Kasraoui, Safaa (11 September 2023). "Morocco's Earthquake Death Toll Jumps to 2,497 Victims". Morocco World News. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  47. ^ "Morocco's Earthquake Death Toll Jumps to 2,497 Victims". Morocco World News. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  48. ^ Kasraoui, Safaa (11 September 2023). "Earthquake Death Toll Jumps to 2,681 in Morocco". Morocco World News. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  49. ^ "زلزال المغرب: هزات ارتدادية تدفع فرق الإنقاذ إلى الهروب" [Morocco earthquake: Aftershocks prompt rescue teams to flee] (in Arabic). BBC News. 14 September 2023. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  50. ^ a b "Morocco earthquake latest: UK team deployed to help rescue – as CCTV shows moment earthquake struck". Sky News. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  51. ^ a b Ahianyo, Etonam (10 September 2023). "Séisme au Maroc (direct) Quatre ressortissants français ont perdu la vie dans le séisme" [Earthquake in Morocco (live) Four French nationals lost their lives in the earthquake] (in French). Tribune de Genève. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  52. ^ "British charity cyclist among dead in Morocco earthquake". The Times. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  53. ^ a b "Morocco earthquake kills more than 800, devastates historic sites: Live updates". NBC News. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  54. ^ a b c Cuddy, Alice (11 September 2023). "Morocco earthquake latest news". BBC. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  55. ^ "مواطنون تحت الأنقاض بعد تهدم منازلهم في مولاي ابراهيم والساكنة تستغيث (فيديو)" [under the rubble after their homes were demolished in Moulay Brahim, and the residents are crying out for help (video)]. Alyaoum24. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  56. ^ NOAA (1972). "National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  57. ^ a b c d "One year on, Morocco's quake victims still wait for homes". The Straits Times. Reuters. 3 September 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
  58. ^ "انهيار مباني بينها صومعة مسجد في مراكش إثر الهزة الأرضية (صور)" [Buildings collapse, including the minaret of a mosque, in Marrakesh following the earthquake (photos)] (in Arabic). Alyaoum24. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  59. ^ Peter, Laurence (9 September 2023). "Morocco earthquake: 632 killed as buildings damaged". BBC News. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  60. ^ "انهيار صومعة مسجد بمراكش بفعل الهزة الأرضية القوية (صور)" [The Collapse of the Minaret of a Mosque in Marrakesh Due to the Strong Earthquake (Photos)] (in Arabic). Rue20. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  61. ^ a b "At least 34 people reported dead in Morocco quake". France 24. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  62. ^ "Morocco earthquake damages historic mountain mosque". The Straits Times. Reuters. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  63. ^ a b "Hopes fade for survivors as Morocco quake toll passes 2,800". Al Jazeera. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  64. ^ Alkhshali, Hamdi (9 September 2023). "Powerful 6.8 magnitude earthquake strikes Morocco, brings down buildings". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  65. ^ "المغرب يسخر جميع الإمكانيات للوصول إلى القرى الجبلية المدمرة" [Morocco harnesses all capabilities to reach destroyed mountain villages]. Al-Arab. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  66. ^ "Dozens feared dead as powerful earthquake strikes Morocco". TRT World. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  67. ^ a b Eljechtimi, Ahmed (9 September 2023). "Powerful earthquake hits Morocco causing deaths, damage". The Star. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  68. ^ ""زلزال الحوز" يدمر قرى جبلية في جماعة أداسيل .. فواجع وأطلال وأوجاع". Hespress. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  69. ^ "الزلزال يقطع الكهرماء والطرق عن "آسني"". Hespress. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  70. ^ "Morocco debates how to rebuild from September quake that killed thousands". Associated Press News. 11 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  71. ^ "Huge earthquake in Morocco kills hundreds and reduces buildings to rubble". Euronews. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  72. ^ "Race to find survivors as Morocco earthquake toll passes 2,000". Al Jazeera. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  73. ^ "Earthquake devastates Moroccan town". Sky News. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  74. ^ "الزلزال المدمر يأتي على قرية بأكملها بمنطقة إمليل(فيديو)" [The devastating earthquake strikes an entire village in the Imlil region (video)] (in Arabic). Akhbarona. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  75. ^ "Powerful quake in Morocco kills more than 2,000 people and damages historic buildings in Marrakech". Associated Press News. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  76. ^ Speakman Cordall, Simon (14 September 2023). "In a Marrakesh hospital, Morocco's quake survivors ponder what comes next". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  77. ^ "Wedding party saves residents of Moroccan village from quake". The Guardian. 12 September 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
  78. ^ Farag, Yasmin (15 September 2023). "Morocco earthquake: The teacher who lost all 32 of her pupils". BBC. Archived from the original on 16 September 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  79. ^ "زلزال الجمعة يهدم عشرات المنازل في بلدتي "تقّي" "وتدرارت" ضواحي أكادير" [Friday's earthquake demolished dozens of homes in the towns of Taqi and Tadrart, on the outskirts of Agadir] (in Arabic). Lakome2. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  80. ^ a b "Scale of disaster on stark display as Morocco's remote villages are progressively reached". Africanews. 12 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  81. ^ Orie, Amarachi (9 September 2023). "What we know about the Morocco earthquake". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  82. ^ "وهبي : عدد من القرى التي ضربها الزلزال اختفت نهائيا" [Wehbe: A number of villages struck by the earthquake disappeared completely] (in Arabic). Heba Press. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  83. ^ "Death toll from Morocco quake crosses 2,000, as authorities fear it'll keep climbing". The Times of Israel. Associated Press. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  84. ^ "Morocco earthquake: One community's search for its last victim". BBC. 12 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  85. ^ "Race against time to find survivors 4 days after Morocco quake". Channel NewsAsia. Agence France-Presse. 13 September 2023. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  86. ^ Kottasová, Ivana (14 September 2023). "This entire village was wiped out 'in just 10 seconds' in Morocco's devastating earthquake". CNN. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  87. ^ Hammoush, Ahmed (14 September 2023). "Tenzirt, a village wiped off the map by Morocco's earthquake". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  88. ^ Osman, Nadda (10 September 2023). "In Moroccan Amazigh villages mandatory traditional homes become deathtraps". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  89. ^ a b "Moroccans sleep in the streets for 3rd night following an earthquake that took more than 2,100 lives". CNBC News. Associated Press. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  90. ^ Beake, Nick (10 September 2023). "Morocco earthquake: Mountain villages plunged into grief". BBC News. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  91. ^ a b Sam, Metz; Elshamy, Mosa'ab (10 September 2023). "In ancient cities and mountain towns, rescuers seek survivors from Morocco's quake of the century". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  92. ^ Seese, Bethell (11 September 2023). "The Devastating Morocco Earthquake: 78 Hours On". Morocco World News. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  93. ^ "At least 296 dead, 153 injured after powerful earthquake hits Morocco". The Straits Times. Reuters. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  94. ^ Kasraoui, Safaa (9 September 2023). "Preliminary Data: Earthquake in Morocco Kills at Least 296 People". Morocco World News. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  95. ^ "Earthquake: Morocco Launches Operation to Deliver Aid to Disaster Areas". Maghreb Arabe Press. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  96. ^ Ives, Mike (8 September 2023). "At Least 296 Killed as Strong Quake Strikes Morocco, Military Says". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  97. ^ a b "At least 630 dead as powerful earthquake hits Morocco near Marrekesh". Al Jazeera. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  98. ^ "Morocco's mud brick housing makes hunt for earthquake survivors harder". The Straits Times. Reuters. 12 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  99. ^ a b Metz, Sam; Hatem, Ahmed (10 September 2023). "Moroccan villagers mourn after earthquake brings destruction to their rural mountain home". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  100. ^ "عناصر القوات الملكية المسلحة المغربية تكثف من جهودها لإعانة ضحايا الهزة الأرضية بواسطة المروحيات" [Members of the Royal Moroccan Armed Forces intensify their efforts to assist earthquake victims by helicopter] (in Arabic). Fez News Media. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  101. ^ "Morocco earthquake: volunteer doctors mobilized in devastated regions". Africanews. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  102. ^ "Powerful earthquake rocks Morocco, killing at least 290". Channel NewsAsia. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  103. ^ "Morocco earthquake kills over 1,000 people, rescuers dig for survivors". The Nikkei. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  104. ^ "تعبئة عفوية لساكنة مراكش لتقديم يد المساعدة للمتضررين من الهزة الأرضية" [Spontaneous mobilization of the people of Marrakech to provide assistance to those affected by the earthquake] (in Arabic). Maghreb Arabe Press. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  105. ^ a b "Morocco's ancient city of Marrakech assesses quake damage". The Straits Times. Reuters. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  106. ^ "Moroccan football players donate blood in wake of deadly earthquake". Anadolu Ajansi. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  107. ^ Ntungwabona, Ahmed (10 September 2023). "6,000 Bags of Blood Donated in One Day for Morocco Earthquake Victims". Morocco World News. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  108. ^ a b "France says controversy over Morocco earthquake aid 'misplaced'". Al Jazeera. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  109. ^ "بلاغ للقيادة العليا للقوات المسلحة الملكية". Hespress – هسبريس جريدة إلكترونية مغربية (in Arabic). 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  110. ^ "بتعليمات ملكية.. القوات المسلحة الملكية تنشر وسائل بشرية ولوجيستية جوية وبرية" [With royal instructions, the Royal Armed Forces deploy human, air and land logistical means]. Heba Press (in Arabic). 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  111. ^ "Morocco earthquake death toll surpasses 1,300 as three days of mourning are declared". The National. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  112. ^ Tawfeeq, Mohammed; Paget, Sharif; Alkhshali, Hamdi; Lau, Chris; Rebane, Teele; Alkhaldi, Celine; Xu, Xiaofei; Sariyuce, Isil (9 September 2023). "Morocco earthquake kills more than 2,000 and damages historic Marrakech". CNN. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  113. ^ a b c d Sam, Metz; Elshamy, Mosa'ab (10 September 2023). "Moroccans sleep in the streets for 3rd night following an earthquake that took more than 2,100 lives". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  114. ^ "Moroccan rescue teams step up last-ditch hunt for earthquake survivors". France 24. 13 September 2023. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  115. ^ "Morocco quake kills more than 1,000 people". France 24. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  116. ^ "A Moroccan mountain village mourns its quake dead". Arab News. Agence France-Presse. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  117. ^ "Rescue teams comb for survivors as Morocco quake kills over 1000". The New Arab. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  118. ^ Calder, Simon (9 September 2023). "Morocco earthquake: Is it safe to travel at the moment?". The Independent. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  119. ^ Wardah, Fathiyah (15 September 2023). "Indonesia Siap Bantu Korban Banjir di Libya dan Gempa di Maroko, Tidak Ada Laporan WNI Jadi Korban" (in Indonesian). VOA Indonesia. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  120. ^ Azmi, Amalia (17 September 2023). "Media Prima, Mercy Malaysia launch campaigns for Morocco earthquake and Libya flood victims". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
  121. ^ "Singapore government donates US$50,000 to Morocco earthquake relief efforts". Channel NewsAsia. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  122. ^ "Humanitarian assistance in response to Morocco earthquake". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Australia). 13 September 2023. Archived from the original on 3 June 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  123. ^ "Canadian governments, charities and citizens send aid to earthquake-stricken Morocco". CTV News. 14 September 2023. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  124. ^ "Jordan sends rescue team to aid Morocco after earthquakes". Jordan News. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  125. ^ Ntungwabona, Ahmed (15 September 2023). "Japan Donates $3 Million Aid for Moroccan Earthquake Victims". Morocco World News. Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  126. ^ "S. Korea ready to support quake-hit Morocco: foreign ministry". Yonhap News Agency. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  127. ^ Qarjouli, Asmahan (10 September 2023). "Qatar mobilises support for Morocco as earthquake death toll surpasses 2,000". Doha News. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  128. ^ al-Khazen, Ibrahim (11 September 2023). "Saudi Arabia launches air bridge to send aid to quake-hit Morocco". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  129. ^ Michaelson, Ruth (10 September 2023). "Morocco earthquake: mourning begins as rescue continues with death toll over 2,000". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  130. ^ "Albares anuncia el envío de ayuda de forma "inminente" a Marruecos" [Albares announces the "imminent" sending of aid to Morocco]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  131. ^ "Morocco Earthquake News Live Updates: PM Modi expresses his condolences over the lives lost due to Morocco quake; At least 296 people have been killed". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  132. ^ a b Momen, Muhammad Abdel (9 September 2023). الجزائر تفتح مجالها الجوي لتسهيل وصول المساعدات الإنسانية إلى المغرب [Algeria opens its airspace to facilitate the arrival of humanitarian aid to Morocco] (in Arabic). Echourouk. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  133. ^ "Argentina ofrece asistencia humanitaria ante el terremoto en Marruecos" [Argentina offers humanitarian assistance in the wake of the earthquake in Morocco] (in Spanish). El Día. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  134. ^ "France's Macron 'Devastated' By Morocco Quake, Promises Aid". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  135. ^ "Séisme au Maroc: Emmanuel Macron se dit "bouleversé" et propose l'aide de la France" [Earthquake in Morocco: Emmanuel Macron says he is "upset" and offers help from France] (in French). BFMTV. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  136. ^ "Morocco's decision to forgo German quake aid not political, foreign ministry says". Reuters. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  137. ^ "آمادگی 60 تا 70 کشور برای کمک به زلزله زدگان مغرب" [Preparation of 60 to 70 countries to help earthquake victims in Morocco] (in Persian). Fars News Agency. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  138. ^ "Israel to send rescue team to Morocco, bring back stranded Israelis". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  139. ^ Peralta-Malonzo, Third Anne (12 September 2023). "Marcos: PH ready to assist earthquake-hit Morocco". Sunstar. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  140. ^ "Sismo em Marrocos: "Portugal está disponível para apoiar Marrocos"". Expresso (in European Portuguese). 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  141. ^ "Powerful earthquake hits Morocco causing deaths, damage, Pakistan stands with Moroccan people". The Express Tribune. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  142. ^ Tecuceanu, Paul (9 September 2023). "Ciolacu anunță că România este pregătită să ofere asistență Marocului, după cutremurul care a devastat această țară" [Ciolacu announces that Romania is ready to offer assistance to Morocco, after the earthquake that devastated this country] (in Romanian). Pro TV. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  143. ^ "Swiss Red Cross to send earthquake relief team to Morocco". swissinfo.ch. 14 September 2023. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  144. ^ "Taiwan's government pledges US$500,000 for Morocco quake relief efforts". Focus Taiwan. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  145. ^ "เศรษฐา" เสียใจต่อเหตุแผ่นดินไหวโมร็อกโก สั่ง กต. เร่งช่วยเหลือคนไทย [Settha regrets the Morocco earthquake and orders the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to rush to help Thai people.] (in Thai). Thairath. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  146. ^ a b "Morocco earthquake: Foreign offers of aid arrive". Reuters. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  147. ^ "Fas için AFAD, Sağlık Bakanlığı UMKE, Türk Kızılay ve diğer STK'lardan 265 personel hazırlandı" [265 personnel from AFAD, Ministry of Health UMKE, Turkish Red Crescent and other NGOs were prepared for Morocco.]. Anadolu Ajansı. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  148. ^ "Morocco earthquake: More than 600 dead after powerful tremors". BBC News. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  149. ^ "Statement from President Joe Biden on the Earthquake in Morocco" (Press release). The White House. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  150. ^ "No Polish victims in Morocco earthquake" (in Polish). Telewizja Polska. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  151. ^ "At least 632 dead, 329 injured after powerful earthquake hits Morocco". The Straits Times. Reuters. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  152. ^ Metz, Sam; Elshamy, Mosa'ab (9 September 2023). "Powerful quake in Morocco kills more than 1,000 people and damages historic buildings in Marrakech". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  153. ^ "Dodental aardbeving Marokko boven 2000 • Drie dagen van nationale rouw". nos.nl. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  154. ^ Schyns, Veerle (9 September 2023). "Kabinet steunt Marokko met 5 miljoen euro voor noodhulp". NRC (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  155. ^ Wang, Xiaoyu. "China Red Cross provides aid to Morocco after earthquake". China Daily. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  156. ^ "Boeing Donates $300,000 to Assist Moroccan Earthquake Relief Efforts" (Press release). 14 September 2023. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  157. ^ "'Thoughts and prayers': World reacts to Morocco's devastating earthquake". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  158. ^ "Condolences, aid pouring in for quake-hit Morocco". China Daily. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  159. ^ 天皇、皇后両陛下 地震被害のモロッコにお見舞い [Emperor and Empress [of Japan] offers condolences to earthquake-stricken Morocco]. 産経ニュース (in Japanese). 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  160. ^ "Aftershock rattles Morocco as death toll from earthquake rises to 2,100". NBC News. Associated Press. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  161. ^ المغرب يسابق الزمن لإنقاذ المحاصرين تحت أنقاض الزلزال ويقبل المساعدة من أربع دول [Morocco is racing against time to rescue those trapped under the rubble of the earthquake and accepts assistance from four countries] (in Arabic). BBC News. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  162. ^ a b "Foreign rescuers join Morocco quake race against time". France24. Agence France-Presse. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  163. ^ "Morocco Monarch Thanks World For Quake Rescue Aid". allAfrica.com. 18 September 2023. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  164. ^ "Earthquake in Morocco: Update from Aurelien Breeden". The New York Times. 9 September 2023. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  165. ^ "EN DIRECT – Maroc : le bilan du tremblement de terre grimpe à plus de 600 morts et 300 blessés" [LIVE – Morocco: earthquake toll rises to more than 600 dead and 300 injured]. TF1 INFO (in French). 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  166. ^ Cloris, Julie; Guerini, Enzo (9 September 2023). "DIRECT. Séisme au Maroc : la France solidaire avec un pays "ami", Paris "sera à ses côtés"" [DIRECT. Earthquake in Morocco: France in solidarity with a "friendly" country, Paris "will be at its side"]. Le Parisien (in French). Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  167. ^ a b "Foreign offers of aid in response to Morocco earthquake". The Straits Times. Reuters. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  168. ^ "Free calls to Morocco after Earthquake". Africanews. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  169. ^ "Belgian city holds memorial service for victims of Morocco earthquake". Africanews. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  170. ^ "Dutch search dog team flies out to Morocco earthquake zone". Dutch News. 13 September 2023. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  171. ^ "Hilversum doneert 20.000 euro voor hulpverlening Marokko na aardbeving" [Hilversum donates 20,000 euros for assistance in Morocco after the earthquake]. NH Nieuws (in Dutch). 13 September 2023. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  172. ^ "Norway to provide support for earthquake victims in Morocco". Government of Norway (Report). ReliefWeb. 13 September 2023. Archived from the original on 16 September 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  173. ^ "Israel preparing to send search and rescue mission, assistance to quake-hit Morocco". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  174. ^ "King expresses condolences to King of Morocco over victims of earthquake". Ammon News. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  175. ^ "King expresses condolences to Morocco over earthquake victims, directs government to provide support". rhc.jo. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  176. ^ بعد الزلزال الكبير.. جسر جوي إماراتي لدعم المغرب [After the major earthquake... an Emirati airlift to support Morocco]. Sky News Arabia (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  177. ^ Wam. "UAE President to establish air bridge to deliver critical relief to Morocco following deadly earthquake". Khaleej Times. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  178. ^ "King Salman, Crown Prince order air bridge to provide aid to Morocco earthquake victims". Arab News. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  179. ^ "HM issues Royal orders to send relief materials and rescue teams to Morocco". Oman Observer. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  180. ^ Mohamed, Gobran (12 September 2023). "Egypt declares three days of mourning in solidarity with Morocco and Libya". Arab News. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  181. ^ "Algeria will open airspace for aid flights to Morocco. – Political Lore". Political Lore – Political Lore (in Russian). 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  182. ^ Boumaza, Ania (10 September 2023). "Séisme au Maroc : l'Algérie tend une nouvelle fois la main et propose un plan d'aide d'urgence" (in French). Algerie360. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  183. ^ "Spain Offers To Send Rescuers To Quake-ravaged Morocco". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  184. ^ "Odlet speciálního týmu USAR do Maroka se odkládá. Oficiální pozvání stále nedorazilo (in Czech)". 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  185. ^ "Earthquake in Morocco (Activation 838) – Activations – International Disasters Charter". disasterscharter.org. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  186. ^ "2122 قتيلا بزلزال المغرب وسباق مع الزمن للعثور على ناجين" [2,122 dead in the Moroccan earthquake and a race against time to find survivors] (in Arabic). Al Jazeera. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  187. ^ "One month after Morocco earthquake: A race against winter for affected families" (Press release). International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies. 6 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  188. ^ Berkane, Hanif Ben (9 September 2023). "Séisme au Maroc : la CAF accepte le report du match Maroc-Libéria" [Earthquake in Morocco: CAF accepts the postponement of the Morocco-Liberia match]. Foot Mercato : Info Transferts Football – Actu Foot Transfert (in French). Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  189. ^ "CAF postpones Morocco vs Liberia AFCON 2023 Qualifier match following Earthquake in Morocco which resulted in more than 800 people losing their lives and hundreds injured" (Press release). CAF. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  190. ^ "African qualifier to go ahead in Marrakech despite deadly quake". Reuters. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  191. ^ "Moment of silence in memory of victims of earthquake in Morocco". UEFA Champions League. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 9 September 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  192. ^ "UNESCO stands in solidarity with Morocco following the earthquake". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  193. ^ "Séisme: L'Unesco aidera la Maroc à inventorier les dommages à son patrimoine" [Earthquake: Unesco will help Morocco inventory damage to its heritage] (in French). Arab News FR. 9 September 2023. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  194. ^ "Séisme au Maroc : à Marrakech, le recensement des dommages patrimoniaux débute". La Croix (in French). 11 September 2023. ISSN 0242-6056. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  195. ^ "Isolated Morocco earthquake survivors feel abandoned by state as they await aid". France 24. 15 September 2023. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  196. ^ Zouiten, Sara (15 September 2023). "King Mohammed VI Declares Orphans of the Al Haouz Earthquake 'Nation's Ward'". moroccoworldnews.com. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  197. ^ Michaelson, Ruth (10 September 2023). "Morocco earthquake: mourning begins as rescue continues with death toll over 2,000". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  198. ^ "Morocco earthquake: Mountain villages plunged into grief". BBC News. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  199. ^ Faucon, Chao Deng, Stephen Kalin, Summer Said and Benoit (10 September 2023). "Morocco Earthquake Rescue Efforts Intensify as Death Toll Passes 2,000". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  200. ^ "Morocco to Spend $11.7B on 5-Year Post-Quake Reconstruction". Voice of America. Reuters. 20 September 2023. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  201. ^ a b "Long winter for Morocco quake survivors". France 24. 17 February 2024. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  202. ^ Rahhou, Jihane (15 October 2023). "Morocco, Spain Agree on €11.6 Million Loan for Earthquake Reconstruction Program". Morocco World News. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  203. ^ Zouiten, Sara (14 October 2023). "UK Pledges £1.45 Million for Morocco's Earthquake Recovery". Morocco World News. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  204. ^ "Why does Morocco refuse aid from some countries?". Koha Ditore. 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  205. ^ Schaer, Cathrin (12 September 2023). "The uninvited? How international rescue gets into Morocco". DW News. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  206. ^ "Après le séisme, le Maroc accepte l'aide de quatre pays dont l'Espagne et le Qatar" [After the earthquake, Morocco accepts aid from four countries including Spain and Qatar] (in French). Radio France Internationale. 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  207. ^ Réto, Cécile (10 September 2023). "Séisme au Maroc. Une aide internationale acceptée au compte-gouttes" [Earthquake in Morocco: a silence and aid accepted in dribs and drabs which raise questions] (in French). Ouest-France. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  208. ^ ""Nous n'avons toujours pas eu l'accord du gouvernement marocain" : pourquoi l'aide humanitaire française tarde à arriver après le séisme" ["We still have not received the agreement of the Moroccan government": why French humanitarian aid is slow to arrive after the earthquake]. France Info (in French). 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  209. ^ a b c "Séisme au Maroc : "Face à la catastrophe, l'inaction et le silence de Mohammed VI"" [Earthquake in Morocco: "Faced with the catastrophe, the inaction and silence of Mohammed VI"] (in French). France 24. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  210. ^ "Reports: Algerian aid planes are on their way to Morocco" (in Arabic). Alhurra. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  211. ^ "Algeria allocates three aid planes to Morocco, pending its approval -agency". Reuters. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  212. ^ "تصريحات وهبي الخطيرة لقناة العربية حول الجزائر تثير غضب المغاربة" [Ouahbi's controversial statements on Al Arabiya TV regarding Algeria have sparked anger among Moroccans]. هوية بريس (in Arabic). 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  213. ^ "منار السليمي ينتقد بشدة خرجة غير موفقة لوزير العدل عبد اللطيف وهبي رحب فيها بالمساعدات الجزائرية" [Manar Al-Salimi strongly criticizes Minister of Justice Abdellatif Ouhbi for his ill-advised statement in which he welcomed Algerian aid.]. 24 ساعة (in Arabic). 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  214. ^ "بسبب الزلزال.. الجزائر تحاول توريط عبد اللطيف وهبي" [Due to the earthquake, Algeria is attempting to implicate Abdellatif Ouhbi.]. Analkhabar (in Arabic). 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  215. ^ Arbai, Khalid (11 September 2023). "ترحيب وهبي بمساعدات النظام الجزائري يثير غضب المغاربة...منار السليمي : تصريحات خطيرة" [Ouahbi's welcome of aid from the Algerian regime is causing anger among Moroccans... Manar Al-Salimi: Dangerous statements]. زنقة 20 (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  216. ^ "Breaking news: Minister of Justice denies "welcoming Algerian aid."". اليوم 24 – أخبار اليوم على مدار الساعة (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  217. ^ "Minister of Justice Ouhbi denies the claims of Algerian media and refutes his alleged welcoming of Algerian aid". ChoufTV. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  218. ^ "ما حقيقة "قبول" المغرب للمساعدات الجزائرية بعد تصريح الوزير وهبي؟ إقرأ المزيد" [What is the truth about Morocco "accepting" Algerian aid following Minister Ouhbi's statement?] (in Arabic). Moroccan Depth. 11 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  219. ^ "الجزائر تعلن تلقيها الرد.. المغرب "لا يحتاج" مساعدتها الإنسانية" [Algeria announces receiving a response: Morocco "does not need" its humanitarian assistance] (in Arabic). Al-Hurra. 12 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  220. ^ "الجزائر تتلقى ردا رسميا من المغرب على مبادرة تقديم المساعدات" [Algeria receives an official response from Morocco regarding the offer to provide assistance.] (in Arabic). Alghad TV. 12 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  221. ^ "Morocco earthquake: Israeli NGOs are among those on the ground". Le Monde. 12 September 2023. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023. Organizations specializing in disaster relief are providing aid, even without having received a green light from either Moroccan or Israeli authorities.
  222. ^ Connor, Richard, ed. (14 September 2023). "German Red Cross aid to Morocco postponed due to 'new rules'". DW News. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
  223. ^ "Morocco quake: Why have authorities accepted limited foreign aid so far?". Al Jazeera. 12 September 2023. Archived from the original on 13 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  224. ^ a b c "Estupor ante la desaparición inicial del rey Mohamed VI y por la tardanza en aceptar la ayuda internacional" [Stupor at the initial disappearance of King Mohammed VI and due to the delay in accepting international aid]. El Mundo (in European Spanish). 10 September 2023. Archived from the original on 11 September 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  225. ^ Islah, Fadwa (1 September 2023). "Mohammed VI à Paris, prélude d'un réchauffement entre le Maroc et la France ?" [Mohammed VI in Paris, prelude to a warming between Morocco and France?] (in French). Jeune Afrique. Archived from the original on 10 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  226. ^ Bouquet, Johanna. "Séisme au Maroc : le silence du roi Mohammed VI pose question" [Earthquake in Morocco: the silence of King Mohammed VI raises questions] (in French). RTBF. Archived from the original on 12 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  227. ^ "Anger boils in Morocco's earthquake zone as protesters demand promised emergency aid". Associated Press News. 25 October 2023. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  228. ^ a b c "Morocco: One year after the earthquake, those rebuilding are feeling left behind". Middle East Eye. 7 September 2024. Retrieved 7 September 2024.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2023_Al_Haouz_earthquake&oldid=1259135008"