Ren Renfa: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Chinese artist and government official (1254–1327)}} |
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{{Cleanup|date=November 2005}} |
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{{More citations needed|date=August 2021}} |
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{{family name hatnote|[[Ren (surname)|Ren]]|lang=Chinese}} |
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[[Image:Ren Renfa, Two Horses, detail.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Detail showing the Lean Horse from ''Fat and Lean Horses'']] |
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[[Image:Audience by Emperor Tang Xuanzong.jpg|thumb|right|300px|''[[Elder Zhang Guo|Zhang Guo]] Having an Audience with [[Emperor Xuanzong of Tang]]'']] |
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| ⚫ | '''Ren Renfa''' ({{zh|t=任仁發|s=任仁发|p=Rèn Rénfā|w=Jen Jen-fa}}) (1254–1327), [[courtesy name]] '''Ziming''' (子明), [[Art name|pseudonym]] '''Yueshan Daoren''' (月山道人; lit. "Taoist on the Moon Mountain"), was an expert of irrigation works, artist, and a government official of the [[Yuan dynasty]].<ref name="CiHai">Cihai: Page 220.</ref> He was born in Qinglong Town, Songjiang (松江青龙镇 – present day [[Qingpu District, Shanghai]]).<ref name="CiHai"/> |
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Ren drew some outstanding paintings of horses, people, flowers and birds. Ren's style is similar to the artists of the [[Tang Dynasty]] (608–907) and Li Gongling in [[Song Dynasty]] ([[1127]]-[[1279]]). His paintings of horses are comparable to those by [[Zhao Mengfu]]. |
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Ren drew some outstanding paintings of horses, people, flowers and birds. His style is similar to the artists of the [[Tang dynasty]] (608–907) and he is considered a direct successor to [[Li Gonglin]] (1049–1106) of the [[Song dynasty#Northern Song, 960–1127|Northern Song dynasty]]. His paintings of horses are comparable to those by [[Zhao Mengfu]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iABEQXUfmhIC&pg=PA405|title = Song Blue and White Porcelain on the Silk Road|isbn = 978-9004218598|last1 = Kessler|first1 = Adam T.|date = 25 July 2012}}</ref> |
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== Chu Yu Tu == |
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Despite his position under alien Mongol emperors, Ren did not shy from producing works with a political subtext. His inscription on ''Fat and Lean Horses'' explains that the "fat horse represents the self-satisfied, wealthy official and the lean one the humble, poor, self-deprecating official."<ref>Little, Stephen L. ''Grove Art Online'' Oxford University Press https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T071506</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In this painting |
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Ren's hydrological works include dredging the area in what is now Beijing to improve the water supply and leading a team to build embankments after the Yellow River burst its banks.<ref name="CiHai"/> |
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| ⚫ | At the end of the painting (left side), there are some words about the artist and the year of painting. " |
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== ''Coming out of the Stable'' == |
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| ⚫ | In this painting three officials of the royal stables are leading four horses out of the stable. The painting has a very explicit [[Tang dynasty|Tang]] style. The people in the painting are dressed in Tang style costumes. All these reflect that the artist admired the culture of the Tang dynasty. The people and horses are spread out in the painting, which is a main characteristic of paintings by Ren. |
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| ⚫ | At the end of the painting (left side), there are some words about the artist and the year of painting. "On the third day of the second month of spring, 1280, [I] made ''Coming out of the Stable'' at the Keshi Hall. Recorded by Yueshan Ren Ziming." There is a poem written by the [[Qianlong Emperor]] (Qing dynasty, r. 1736–1795), who also added some notes in the middle of the painting. It is one of the earliest works of Ren (and the earliest one of his that exists), and was drawn in 1280 when he was 27. |
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[[Image:Ren Renfa-Chu Yu Tu.jpg|thumb|center|600px|Ren Renfa, ''Coming out of the Stable'']] |
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==''Five Drunken Princes Returning on Horseback''== |
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[[File:HKCEC 香港會議展覽中心 Wan Chai North 蘇富比 Sotheby's Auction preview exhibition October 2020 SS2 36.jpg|thumb|One of the titular "Five Drunken Princes" with two servants.]] |
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This 2-metre (6.6ft) scroll depicts five princes on horseback with four attendants. Among the princes is [[Li Longji]], later the Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty. It was held in imperial collections and bears the seals of several emperors.<ref name=Guardian>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/08/drunken-princes-scroll-hong-kong-chinese-emperors-painting-ren-renfa|title=700-year-old drunken princes scroll fetches £32m in Hong Kong|author=Associated Press in Hong Kong|newspaper=The Guardian|date=8 October 2020}}</ref> The work was already held in high esteem by the Ming dynasty, as [[Southern School|literati painter]] [[Zhang Ning (artist)|Zhang Ning]] (1426–1496) wrote: "Black, Yellow, Red, White, and Mottled Horses. Every horse is worth a thousand taels of gold."<ref name=Sothebys>{{cite web|url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/press/ren-renfas-five-drunken-princes-returning-on-horseback-soars-to-hk-307-million-us-40-million|title=Ren Renfa’s ‘Five Drunken Princes Returning on Horseback' Soars to HK$307 Million / US$40 Million|publisher=Sotheby's|date=8 October 2020}}</ref> |
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In 1922, after the fall of Qing dynasty, the scroll was taken from the [[Forbidden City]] by [[Pu Yi]], the last emperor of China.<ref name=Guardian /> |
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In October 2020 it was sold at [[Sotheby's]] auctioneers in Hong Kong. After a 75-minute bidding battle, described by the auction house as "the longest in living memory", the [[hammer price]] was US$39,555,000. It was bought by the private [[Long Museum]] in Shanghai.<ref name=Sothebys /> The museum’s founder, [[Liu Yiqian]], said that he was an underbidder at the previous auction in 2016. “It’s worth the wait for good items,” he said. <ref> [https://news.artnet.com/market/most-expensive-works-sold-at-auction-in-2020-1930867 The10 Most Expensive Works of Art Sold at Auction in 2020], Artnet News, December 14, 2020 |
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</ref> |
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== Notes == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==References== |
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*Ci hai bian ji wei yuan hui (辞海编辑委员会). Ci hai (辞海). Shanghai: Shanghai ci shu chu ban she (上海辞书出版社), 1979. |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.clevelandart.org/Explore/artistwork.asp?searchText=renfa&tab=1&recNo=0&woRecNo=0 Cleveland Museum of Art] |
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{{Commons category}} |
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*Cleveland Museum of Art, "Three Horses and Four Grooms, c. 1320s, Ren Renfa," accessed 27 Sept. 2021 [https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1960.181] |
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*[http://www.china-on-site.com/pages/painter/1017.php China-on-site] |
*[http://www.china-on-site.com/pages/painter/1017.php China-on-site] |
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*[http://www.chinapage.com/biography/biorenrenfa.html China Page on him] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050217063806/http://www.chinapage.com/biography/biorenrenfa.html China Page on him] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ren Renfa}} |
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[[Category:1254 births]] |
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[[Category:1327 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Politicians from Shanghai]] |
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[[Category:Painters from Shanghai]] |
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[[Category:Yuan dynasty government officials]] |
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[[Category:Engineers from Shanghai]] |
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Latest revision as of 21:28, 20 October 2023
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2021) |
Ren Renfa (simplified Chinese: 任仁发; traditional Chinese: 任仁發; pinyin: Rèn Rénfā; Wade–Giles: Jen Jen-fa) (1254–1327), courtesy name Ziming (子明), pseudonym Yueshan Daoren (月山道人; lit. "Taoist on the Moon Mountain"), was an expert of irrigation works, artist, and a government official of the Yuan dynasty.[1] He was born in Qinglong Town, Songjiang (松江青龙镇 – present day Qingpu District, Shanghai).[1]
Ren drew some outstanding paintings of horses, people, flowers and birds. His style is similar to the artists of the Tang dynasty (608–907) and he is considered a direct successor to Li Gonglin (1049–1106) of the Northern Song dynasty. His paintings of horses are comparable to those by Zhao Mengfu.[2]
Despite his position under alien Mongol emperors, Ren did not shy from producing works with a political subtext. His inscription on Fat and Lean Horses explains that the "fat horse represents the self-satisfied, wealthy official and the lean one the humble, poor, self-deprecating official."[3]
Ren's hydrological works include dredging the area in what is now Beijing to improve the water supply and leading a team to build embankments after the Yellow River burst its banks.[1]
Coming out of the Stable
[edit]A prominent work of his is Chu Yu Tu (出圉图 – Coming out of the Stable); on silk, with color, height 32.4 cm, width 201.9 cm, currently in the collection of The Palace Museum, Beijing.
In this painting three officials of the royal stables are leading four horses out of the stable. The painting has a very explicit Tang style. The people in the painting are dressed in Tang style costumes. All these reflect that the artist admired the culture of the Tang dynasty. The people and horses are spread out in the painting, which is a main characteristic of paintings by Ren.
At the end of the painting (left side), there are some words about the artist and the year of painting. "On the third day of the second month of spring, 1280, [I] made Coming out of the Stable at the Keshi Hall. Recorded by Yueshan Ren Ziming." There is a poem written by the Qianlong Emperor (Qing dynasty, r. 1736–1795), who also added some notes in the middle of the painting. It is one of the earliest works of Ren (and the earliest one of his that exists), and was drawn in 1280 when he was 27.
Five Drunken Princes Returning on Horseback
[edit]
This 2-metre (6.6ft) scroll depicts five princes on horseback with four attendants. Among the princes is Li Longji, later the Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty. It was held in imperial collections and bears the seals of several emperors.[4] The work was already held in high esteem by the Ming dynasty, as literati painter Zhang Ning (1426–1496) wrote: "Black, Yellow, Red, White, and Mottled Horses. Every horse is worth a thousand taels of gold."[5]
In 1922, after the fall of Qing dynasty, the scroll was taken from the Forbidden City by Pu Yi, the last emperor of China.[4]
In October 2020 it was sold at Sotheby's auctioneers in Hong Kong. After a 75-minute bidding battle, described by the auction house as "the longest in living memory", the hammer price was US$39,555,000. It was bought by the private Long Museum in Shanghai.[5] The museum’s founder, Liu Yiqian, said that he was an underbidder at the previous auction in 2016. “It’s worth the wait for good items,” he said. [6]
Notes
[edit]- ^ a b c Cihai: Page 220.
- ^ Kessler, Adam T. (25 July 2012). Song Blue and White Porcelain on the Silk Road. ISBN 978-9004218598.
- ^ Little, Stephen L. Grove Art Online Oxford University Press https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T071506
- ^ a b Associated Press in Hong Kong (8 October 2020). "700-year-old drunken princes scroll fetches £32m in Hong Kong". The Guardian.
- ^ a b "Ren Renfa's 'Five Drunken Princes Returning on Horseback' Soars to HK$307 Million / US$40 Million". Sotheby's. 8 October 2020.
- ^ The10 Most Expensive Works of Art Sold at Auction in 2020, Artnet News, December 14, 2020
References
[edit]- Ci hai bian ji wei yuan hui (辞海编辑委员会). Ci hai (辞海). Shanghai: Shanghai ci shu chu ban she (上海辞书出版社), 1979.
External links
[edit]
- Cleveland Museum of Art, "Three Horses and Four Grooms, c. 1320s, Ren Renfa," accessed 27 Sept. 2021 [1]
- China-on-site
- China Page on him
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