Heliothinae: Difference between revisions
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==Distribution and diversity== |
==Distribution and diversity== |
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Heliothinae is a cosmopolitan<ref name="Mitter">{{cite journal |last1=Mitter |first1=Charles |last2=Poole |first2=Robert W. |last3=Matthews |first3=Marcus |title=Biosystematics of the Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |date=January 1993 |volume=38 |pages=207–225 |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.en.38.010193.001231 |access-date=22 July 2022}}</ref> subfamily of around 400 species.<ref name="Matov">{{cite journal |last1=Matov |first1=Alexej |last2=Zahiri |first2=Reza |last3=Holloway |first3=Jeremy D. |title=The Heliothinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |journal=Zootaxa |date=5 May 2008 |volume=1763 |issue=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1763.1.1 |url=https://www.researchgate.net |
Heliothinae is a cosmopolitan<ref name="Mitter">{{cite journal |last1=Mitter |first1=Charles |last2=Poole |first2=Robert W. |last3=Matthews |first3=Marcus |title=Biosystematics of the Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |date=January 1993 |volume=38 |pages=207–225 |doi=10.1146/annurev.en.38.010193.001231 |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.en.38.010193.001231 |access-date=22 July 2022}}</ref> subfamily of around 400 species.<ref name="Matov">{{cite journal |last1=Matov |first1=Alexej |last2=Zahiri |first2=Reza |last3=Holloway |first3=Jeremy D. |title=The Heliothinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) |journal=Zootaxa |date=5 May 2008 |volume=1763 |issue=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1763.1.1 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229071918 |access-date=24 July 2022}}</ref> Its species thrive in hot, dry regions of the world,<ref name="Mitter"/> and the subfamily has its highest species diversity in seasonally-arid tropics and subtropics, such as those found Australia, sections of Asia, the southwest region of the United States, and Africa.<ref name="Matov"/> |
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==Larvae== |
==Larvae== |
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The subfamily includes both [[specialist species]], of which the larvae feed on only a limited range of plants, and [[polyphagous]] generalist species.<ref name="Cunningham">{{cite journal |last1=Cunningham |first1=John Paul |last2=Zalucki |first2=Myron P. |title=Understanding Heliothine (Lepidoptera: Heliothinae) Pests: What is a Host Plant? |journal=Journal of Economic Entomology |date=1 June 2014 |volume=107 |issue=3 |pages=881–896 |doi=10.1603/ec14036 | |
The subfamily includes both [[specialist species]], of which the larvae feed on only a limited range of plants, and [[polyphagous]] generalist species.<ref name="Cunningham">{{cite journal |last1=Cunningham |first1=John Paul |last2=Zalucki |first2=Myron P. |title=Understanding Heliothine (Lepidoptera: Heliothinae) Pests: What is a Host Plant? |journal=Journal of Economic Entomology |date=1 June 2014 |volume=107 |issue=3 |pages=881–896 |doi=10.1603/ec14036 |doi-access=free |pmid=25026644 }}</ref> |
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The subfamily contains several [[agricultural pest]]s, including ''[[Helicoverpa armigera]]'', ''[[Helicoverpa assulta]]'', ''[[Helicoverpa zea]]'', ''[[Helicoverpa punctigera]]'' and ''[[Heliothis virescens]]''.<ref name="Cunningham"/> |
The subfamily contains several [[agricultural pest]]s, including ''[[Helicoverpa armigera]]'', ''[[Helicoverpa assulta]]'', ''[[Helicoverpa zea]]'', ''[[Helicoverpa punctigera]]'' and ''[[Heliothis virescens]]''.<ref name="Cunningham"/> |
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Latest revision as of 00:57, 16 August 2024
| Heliothinae | |
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| Heliothis peltigera | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Subfamily: | Heliothinae Boisduval, 1828 |
| Genera | |
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See text | |
Heliothinae is a small, cosmopolitan subfamily of moths in the family Noctuidae, with about 400 described species worldwide. It includes a number of economically significant agricultural pest species, such as Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea.
Taxonomy
[edit]The subfamily has been studied extensively. Important works include studies by Hardwick (1965 and 1970) and Matthews (1988).
Distribution and diversity
[edit]Heliothinae is a cosmopolitan[1] subfamily of around 400 species.[2] Its species thrive in hot, dry regions of the world,[1] and the subfamily has its highest species diversity in seasonally-arid tropics and subtropics, such as those found Australia, sections of Asia, the southwest region of the United States, and Africa.[2]
Larvae
[edit]The subfamily includes both specialist species, of which the larvae feed on only a limited range of plants, and polyphagous generalist species.[3]
The subfamily contains several agricultural pests, including Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa assulta, Helicoverpa zea, Helicoverpa punctigera and Heliothis virescens.[3]
Genera
[edit]The subfamily includes the following genera:
- Adisura Moore, 1881
- Aedophron Lederer, 1857
- Australothis Matthews, 1991
- Baptarma Smith, 1904
- Chloridea Duncan & Westwood, 1841
- Chazaria Moore, 1881
- Derrima Walker, 1858
- Eutricopis Morrison, 1875
- Hebdomochondra Staudinger, 1879
- Helicoverpa Hardwick, 1965
- Heliocheilus Grote, 1865
- Heliolonche Grote, 1873
- Heliothis Ochsenheimer, 1816
- Heliothodes Hampson, 1910
- Melaporphyria Grote, 1874
- Micriantha Hampson, 1908
- Microhelia Hampson, 1910
- Periphanes Hübner, 1821
- Protadisura Matthews, 1991
- Psectrotarsia Dognin, 1907
- Pyrocleptria Hampson, 1903
- Pyrrhia Hübner, 1821
- Rhodoecia Hampson, 1910
- Schinia Hübner, 1818
- Stenoecia Warren, 1911
- Timora Walker, 1856
Selected former genera
[edit]- Erythroecia Hampson, 1910
- Masalia Moore, 1881
- Thyreion Smith, 1891
References
[edit]- ^ a b Mitter, Charles; Poole, Robert W.; Matthews, Marcus (January 1993). "Biosystematics of the Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Annual Review of Entomology. 38: 207–225. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.38.010193.001231. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
- ^ a b Matov, Alexej; Zahiri, Reza; Holloway, Jeremy D. (5 May 2008). "The Heliothinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". Zootaxa. 1763 (1): 1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1763.1.1. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ a b Cunningham, John Paul; Zalucki, Myron P. (1 June 2014). "Understanding Heliothine (Lepidoptera: Heliothinae) Pests: What is a Host Plant?". Journal of Economic Entomology. 107 (3): 881–896. doi:10.1603/ec14036. PMID 25026644.
- Cho, S.; Mitchell, A.; Mitter, C.; Regier, J.; Matthews, M.; Robertson, R. 2008: Molecular phylogenetics of heliothine moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae), with comments on the evolution of host range and pest status. Systematic entomology, 33: 581-594. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00427.x
- ICZN 1985: Opinion 1312. Heliothis Ochsenheimer, 1816 (Insecta: Lepidoptera): gender and stem designated. Bulletin of zoological nomenclature, 42: 158-159. ISSN 0007-5167 BioStor
- Lafontaine, J.D.; Schmidt, B.C. 2010: Annotated check list of the Noctuoidea (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of North America north of Mexico. ZooKeys, 40: 1-239. doi:10.3897/zookeys.40.414
External links
[edit]
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