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{{Infobox ethnic group| |
{{Infobox ethnic group| |
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| region2 = [[Odisha]] |
| region2 = [[Odisha]] |
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| pop2 = 1,14,066 |
| pop2 = 1,14,066 |
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| ref2 = <ref name="scstrti"/> |
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| ref2 = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scstrti.in/index.php/communities/sc-communities/108-sc-communities/359-ghasi|title=Ghasi|website=scstrti|access-date=12 August 2022}}</ref> |
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| langs = [[Nagpuri language|Nagpuri]], [[Odia language|Odia]] |
| langs = [[Nagpuri language|Nagpuri]], [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]], [[Odia language|Odia]] |
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| rels = [[Hinduism]] |
| rels = [[Hinduism]] |
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| related = [[Ghasiya]] |
| related = [[Ghasiya]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Ghasi''' is a caste found in [[Jharkhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Odisha]] and [[West Bengal]]. They are traditionally caretakers of horses and village musicians.<ref name="syr.edu">{{cite web |url=http://thecollege.syr.edu/news/2017/carol_babiracki_research.html |title=Song of India |website=thecollege.syr.edu |date=25 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="scstrti">{{cite web |url=https://www.scstrti.in/index.php/communities/sc-communities/108-sc-communities/359-ghasi|title=Ghasi|website=scstrti|access-date=12 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="Discovery Publishing House">{{cite book|url=https://books.google. |
'''Ghasi''' is a caste found in [[Jharkhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Odisha]] and [[West Bengal]]. They are traditionally caretakers of horses and village musicians.<ref name="syr.edu">{{cite web |url=http://thecollege.syr.edu/news/2017/carol_babiracki_research.html |title=Song of India |website=thecollege.syr.edu |date=25 August 2017 |access-date=12 August 2022 |archive-date=30 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330170155/http://thecollege.syr.edu/news/2017/carol_babiracki_research.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="scstrti">{{cite web |url=https://www.scstrti.in/index.php/communities/sc-communities/108-sc-communities/359-ghasi|title=Ghasi|website=scstrti|access-date=12 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="Discovery Publishing House">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=za396I85CPEC&pg=PA61|title=Marriages in Indian Society|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|author=Prakash Chandra Mehta|pages=61–65|year=2005|isbn=978-8171419210}}</ref> They are known as [[Ghasiya]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="hasan">{{cite book |title=People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Two |editor1-first=A. |editor1-last=Hasan |editor2-first=J. C. |editor2-last=Das |pages=530–534 |publisher=Manohar Publications}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The Ghasi caste is found in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and |
The Ghasi caste is found in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and West Bengal. They are also found in Uttar Pradesh known as [[Ghasiya]].<ref name="hasan"/> They were serving [[Nagvanshis of Chotanagpur|Nagvanshi]] as militia, musician and ritual specialist.<ref name="CM Babiracki">{{Cite web|url=https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/MC/article/download/26077/30298|title=Two Generations in the Fault Lines of India ' s Musical Modernities|author= CM Babiracki|year=2017|page=45|access-date=21 November 2022}}</ref> They also worked as agricultural worker and palanquin bearers.<ref name="Discovery Publishing House"/> The title of ''Naik'' was bestowed upon them by Nagvanshi kings due their expertise in music. The word ''Naik'' derived from ''Naikha'' which means leader of a band. The title of Sahani or Sohani Rajput was given to them by a Nagvanshi king because they had quenched his thrist by providing water.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQRuAAAAMAAJ&q=Nagpuri+music|title=The Scheduled Castes|publisher=Anthropological Survey of India|author=K.S.Singh|year=1993|page=540|isbn=978-0195632545}}</ref> |
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According to Dr.Ball, they are known for their gold washing and playing musical instruments in [[Singhbhum district]].<ref name="hasan"/> They were treated as [[Untouchability|untouchable]] due to their profession of beating drums and disposing dead animals.<ref name="Discovery Publishing House"/> |
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According to [[Robert Vane Russell]], in his book ''The Tribe and Castes of Central Provinces of India, Volume III'', Ghasi/Ghasiya are dravidian caste of Odisha and Madhya Pradesh who are grass cutters. They care for horses and beat drums during festivals and marriage ceremonies. According to [[Herbert Hope Risley]], the Ghasi are a caste of farmers and fisherman. They play music instrument in marriage ceremonies. They cut grass for horses. According to Dr.Ball, they are known for their gold washing and playing musical instruments in [[Singhbhum district]].<ref name="hasan">{{cite book |title=People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Two |editor1-first=A. |editor1-last=Hasan |editor2-first=J. C. |editor2-last=Das |pages=530–534 |publisher=Manohar Publications}}</ref> |
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==Present Circumstances== |
==Present Circumstances== |
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They are found in the state of [[Jharkhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Odisha]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref name="scstrti"/><ref name="syr.edu"/><ref name="Discovery Publishing House"/> They are an endogamous group. They are patrilocal and patrilinial. They practice clan exogamy. They have number of clans such as |
They are found in the state of [[Jharkhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Odisha]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref name="scstrti"/><ref name="syr.edu"/><ref name="Discovery Publishing House"/> In West Bengal, they are concentrated in [[Purulia district]].<ref name="Discovery Publishing House"/> They are an endogamous group. They are patrilocal and patrilinial. They practice clan exogamy. They have number of clans such as Bagh (tiger), Bangar, Bhainsa (buffalo), Hathi (elephant), Kachhua (turtle), Kasriar (bronze), Katihari, Maltiar (a flower), Mohdiar (honey bee), Nag (Cobra), Pandki (dove), Sindur (vermillion), Simarlasa (simal tree gum), Sonwan (gold water) etc.<ref name="hasan"/><ref name="Discovery Publishing House"/> |
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==Culture== |
==Culture== |
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Their traditional occupation was caretaker of horses along with village musician. They along with [[Mahli]] community are the traditional maker of musical instruments such as [[dhol]], [[Madal|mandar]], [[Nagara (drum)|nagara]] and [[Dhak (instrument)|dhak]] etc.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrumDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT144|title=Environment, Knowledge and Gender: Local Development in India's Jharkhand|isbn=978-1351729895|accessdate=4 April 2022|last1=Jewitt|first1=Sarah|date=31 July 2019}}</ref> They play musical instruments in weddings. They have an important role in the preservation of ethnic music. |
They speak [[Nagpuri language|Nagpuri]] and [[Kurmali language|Kurmali]] in Jharkhand and [[Odia language|Odia]] in Western Odisha.<ref name="syr.edu"/><ref name="Discovery Publishing House"/><ref name="scstrti"/> Their traditional occupation was caretaker of horses along with village musician. They along with [[Mahli]] community are the traditional maker of musical instruments such as [[dhol]], [[Madal|mandar]], [[Nagara (drum)|nagara]] and [[Dhak (instrument)|dhak]] etc.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrumDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT144|title=Environment, Knowledge and Gender: Local Development in India's Jharkhand|isbn=978-1351729895|accessdate=4 April 2022|last1=Jewitt|first1=Sarah|date=31 July 2019}}</ref> They play musical instruments in weddings. They have an important role in the preservation of ethnic music. Their folk dance are [[Jhumair|Jhumar]] and [[Domkach]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://democraticworld.in/component/k2/item/603-out-of-the-dark |title=Out of the Dark |last=Dashboard |website=democraticworld |date=7 June 2014|access-date=21 November 2022}}</ref> They practice [[Nacnī|Nacni]] dance and [[Chhau dance]] in [[Purulia district|Purulia]] of West Bengal.<ref name="Discovery Publishing House"/> |
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They observe the festivals of [[Holi]], [[Diwali]], [[Karam (festival)|Karma]], [[Sarhul]], [[Ramnavami]]. They practice animism with a mixture of Hinduism.<ref name="scstrti"/> |
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==Official classification== |
==Official classification== |
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In 1931, during British Period, they were listed as semi hinduised aboriginal. In 1936, they were listed as Backward tribe in Chotanagpur division of Bihar.<ref>{{cite |
In 1931, during British Period, they were listed as semi hinduised aboriginal. In 1936, they were listed as Backward tribe in Chotanagpur division of Bihar.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4378487|title=Reappraising Tribal Movements: II: Legitimisation and Spread|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|author=Nirmal Sengupta|date=14 May 1988|volume=23 |issue=20 |pages=1003–1005 |jstor=4378487 |access-date=13 October 2022}}</ref> In Patna division, Palamu, Hazaribagh, Manbhum and Bengal, they were included in Scheduled Caste.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://socialjustice.gov.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/GOI-SC-ORDER-1936.pdf|title=Government of India 1935 (Scheduled Caste) Order, 1936|date=30 April 1936|access-date=13 October 2022}}</ref> They are included in the list of [[Scheduled Caste]]s in [[Jharkhand]], [[Bihar]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Odisha]] and [[West Bengal]].<ref name="scstrti"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-9417490.html|title=घासी उपजाति पर गरमाई सियासत|publisher=jagran|date=29 June 2012|access-date=12 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cgtrti.gov.in/List_SC.html|title=List of Schedule Caste|publisher=cgtrti.gov|access-date=12 August 2022}}</ref> |
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==Notable people== |
==Notable people== |
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[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Jharkhand]] |
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Jharkhand]] |
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[[Category:Musician castes]] |
[[Category:Musician castes]] |
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[[Category:Social groups of West Bengal]] |
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[[Category:Social groups of Odisha]] |
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[[Category:Indian castes]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:29, 2 June 2024
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
 India | |
| Jharkhand | 1,50,520[1] |
| Odisha | 1,14,066[2] |
| Languages | |
| Nagpuri, Kurmali, Odia | |
| Religion | |
| Hinduism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Ghasiya | |
Ghasi is a caste found in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and West Bengal. They are traditionally caretakers of horses and village musicians.[3][2][4] They are known as Ghasiya in Uttar Pradesh.[5]
Etymology
[edit]The name ghasi derive from ghas which means grass. In past, they were cutting grass to feed horses.[2]
History
[edit]The Ghasi caste is found in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and West Bengal. They are also found in Uttar Pradesh known as Ghasiya.[5] They were serving Nagvanshi as militia, musician and ritual specialist.[6] They also worked as agricultural worker and palanquin bearers.[4] The title of Naik was bestowed upon them by Nagvanshi kings due their expertise in music. The word Naik derived from Naikha which means leader of a band. The title of Sahani or Sohani Rajput was given to them by a Nagvanshi king because they had quenched his thrist by providing water.[7]
According to Dr.Ball, they are known for their gold washing and playing musical instruments in Singhbhum district.[5] They were treated as untouchable due to their profession of beating drums and disposing dead animals.[4]
Present Circumstances
[edit]They are found in the state of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and West Bengal.[2][3][4] In West Bengal, they are concentrated in Purulia district.[4] They are an endogamous group. They are patrilocal and patrilinial. They practice clan exogamy. They have number of clans such as Bagh (tiger), Bangar, Bhainsa (buffalo), Hathi (elephant), Kachhua (turtle), Kasriar (bronze), Katihari, Maltiar (a flower), Mohdiar (honey bee), Nag (Cobra), Pandki (dove), Sindur (vermillion), Simarlasa (simal tree gum), Sonwan (gold water) etc.[5][4]
Culture
[edit]They speak Nagpuri and Kurmali in Jharkhand and Odia in Western Odisha.[3][4][2] Their traditional occupation was caretaker of horses along with village musician. They along with Mahli community are the traditional maker of musical instruments such as dhol, mandar, nagara and dhak etc.[8] They play musical instruments in weddings. They have an important role in the preservation of ethnic music. Their folk dance are Jhumar and Domkach.[9] They practice Nacni dance and Chhau dance in Purulia of West Bengal.[4] They observe the festivals of Holi, Diwali, Karma, Sarhul, Ramnavami. They practice animism with a mixture of Hinduism.[2]
Official classification
[edit]In 1931, during British Period, they were listed as semi hinduised aboriginal. In 1936, they were listed as Backward tribe in Chotanagpur division of Bihar.[10] In Patna division, Palamu, Hazaribagh, Manbhum and Bengal, they were included in Scheduled Caste.[11] They are included in the list of Scheduled Castes in Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and West Bengal.[2][12][13]
Notable people
[edit]- Mukund Nayak, folk artist
- Nandlal Nayak, music composer and director
References
[edit]- ^ "झारखंड में अनुसूचित जातियों में एक भी ईसाई, जैन नहीं". jagran. 19 May 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Ghasi". scstrti. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
- ^ a b c "Song of India". thecollege.syr.edu. 25 August 2017. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Prakash Chandra Mehta (2005). Marriages in Indian Society. Discovery Publishing House. pp. 61–65. ISBN 978-8171419210.
- ^ a b c d Hasan, A.; Das, J. C. (eds.). People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII Part Two. Manohar Publications. pp. 530–534.
- ^ CM Babiracki (2017). "Two Generations in the Fault Lines of India ' s Musical Modernities". p. 45. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
- ^ K.S.Singh (1993). The Scheduled Castes. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 540. ISBN 978-0195632545.
- ^ Jewitt, Sarah (31 July 2019). Environment, Knowledge and Gender: Local Development in India's Jharkhand. ISBN 978-1351729895. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
- ^ Dashboard (7 June 2014). "Out of the Dark". democraticworld. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
- ^ Nirmal Sengupta (14 May 1988). "Reappraising Tribal Movements: II: Legitimisation and Spread". Economic and Political Weekly. 23 (20): 1003–1005. JSTOR 4378487. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ "Government of India 1935 (Scheduled Caste) Order, 1936" (PDF). 30 April 1936. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ "घासी उपजाति पर गरमाई सियासत". jagran. 29 June 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
- ^ "List of Schedule Caste". cgtrti.gov. Retrieved 12 August 2022.