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Lithuanian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *twirˀ-[1] from a zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *twerH-.[1] Cognate with Latvian tvirts[2] and Polish twardy (solid).[2][3] Derksen does not give a full PBS reconstruction for this term, only noting that "the Baltic and Slavic suffixes do not match."

Other cognates within Lithuanian:

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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tvìrtas m (feminine tvirtà, neuter tvìrta) stress pattern 3 [2]

  1. firm, sturdy, tough[4]

Declension

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Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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(Adjectives)

(Nouns)

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(Verbs)

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “turėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 475
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tvьrdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 501
  3. ^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “twardy”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 586
  4. ^ “tvirtas” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN