rukka
Faroese
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse hrukka, from Proto-Germanic *hrunkǭ (“wrinkle, crease”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editrukka f (genitive singular rukku, plural rukkur)
Declension
editDeclension of rukka | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
f1 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | rukka | rukkan | rukkur | rukkurnar |
accusative | rukku | rukkuna | rukkur | rukkurnar |
dative | rukku | rukkuni | rukkum | rukkunum |
genitive | rukku | rukkunnar | rukka | rukkanna |
Finnish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editProbably a development from rukka (etymology 2), compare similar development in parka, raasu and riepu.
Noun
editrukka
Usage notes
editMostly used in compounds, but can be also used alone.
Declension
editInflection of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | rukka | rukat | |
genitive | rukan | rukkien | |
partitive | rukkaa | rukkia | |
illative | rukkaan | rukkiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | rukka | rukat | |
accusative | nom. | rukka | rukat |
gen. | rukan | ||
genitive | rukan | rukkien rukkain rare | |
partitive | rukkaa | rukkia | |
inessive | rukassa | rukissa | |
elative | rukasta | rukista | |
illative | rukkaan | rukkiin | |
adessive | rukalla | rukilla | |
ablative | rukalta | rukilta | |
allative | rukalle | rukille | |
essive | rukkana | rukkina | |
translative | rukaksi | rukiksi | |
abessive | rukatta | rukitta | |
instructive | — | rukin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editcompounds
Further reading
edit- “rukka”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Finnic *rukka, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz. Doublet of frakki and rukki.
Noun
editrukka (dialectal)
Declension
editInflection of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | rukka | rukat | |
genitive | rukan | rukkien | |
partitive | rukkaa | rukkia | |
illative | rukkaan | rukkiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | rukka | rukat | |
accusative | nom. | rukka | rukat |
gen. | rukan | ||
genitive | rukan | rukkien rukkain rare | |
partitive | rukkaa | rukkia | |
inessive | rukassa | rukissa | |
elative | rukasta | rukista | |
illative | rukkaan | rukkiin | |
adessive | rukalla | rukilla | |
ablative | rukalta | rukilta | |
allative | rukalle | rukille | |
essive | rukkana | rukkina | |
translative | rukaksi | rukiksi | |
abessive | rukatta | rukitta | |
instructive | — | rukin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Possessive forms of rukka (Kotus type 10*A/koira, kk-k gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
editAnagrams
editIcelandic
editEtymology
editFrom Danish rykke, from Old Norse rykkja (whence also inherited Icelandic rykkja), from Proto-Germanic *rukkijaną.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editrukka (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative rukkaði, supine rukkað)
- (transitive) to collect payment from (someone)
- (transitive) to collect (payment)
- (transitive) to ask for, take, demand (payment), set the price at (a certain amount)
Conjugation
editrukka — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að rukka | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
rukkað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
rukkandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég rukka | við rukkum | present (nútíð) |
ég rukki | við rukkum |
þú rukkar | þið rukkið | þú rukkir | þið rukkið | ||
hann, hún, það rukkar | þeir, þær, þau rukka | hann, hún, það rukki | þeir, þær, þau rukki | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég rukkaði | við rukkuðum | past (þátíð) |
ég rukkaði | við rukkuðum |
þú rukkaðir | þið rukkuðuð | þú rukkaðir | þið rukkuðuð | ||
hann, hún, það rukkaði | þeir, þær, þau rukkuðu | hann, hún, það rukkaði | þeir, þær, þau rukkuðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
rukka (þú) | rukkið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
rukkaðu | rukkiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að rukkast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
rukkast | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
rukkandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég rukkast | við rukkumst | present (nútíð) |
ég rukkist | við rukkumst |
þú rukkast | þið rukkist | þú rukkist | þið rukkist | ||
hann, hún, það rukkast | þeir, þær, þau rukkast | hann, hún, það rukkist | þeir, þær, þau rukkist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég rukkaðist | við rukkuðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég rukkaðist | við rukkuðumst |
þú rukkaðist | þið rukkuðust | þú rukkaðist | þið rukkuðust | ||
hann, hún, það rukkaðist | þeir, þær, þau rukkuðust | hann, hún, það rukkaðist | þeir, þær, þau rukkuðust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
rukkast (þú) | rukkist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
rukkastu | rukkisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
rukkaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
rukkaður | rukkuð | rukkað | rukkaðir | rukkaðar | rukkuð | |
accusative (þolfall) |
rukkaðan | rukkaða | rukkað | rukkaða | rukkaðar | rukkuð | |
dative (þágufall) |
rukkuðum | rukkaðri | rukkuðu | rukkuðum | rukkuðum | rukkuðum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
rukkaðs | rukkaðrar | rukkaðs | rukkaðra | rukkaðra | rukkaðra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
rukkaði | rukkaða | rukkaða | rukkuðu | rukkuðu | rukkuðu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
rukkaða | rukkuðu | rukkaða | rukkuðu | rukkuðu | rukkuðu | |
dative (þágufall) |
rukkaða | rukkuðu | rukkaða | rukkuðu | rukkuðu | rukkuðu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
rukkaða | rukkuðu | rukkaða | rukkuðu | rukkuðu | rukkuðu |
Synonyms
editIngrian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
edit- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈrukːɑ/, [ˈrukː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈrukːɑ/, [ˈrukːɑ]
- Rhymes: -ukː, -ukːɑ
- Hyphenation: ruk‧ka
Noun
editrukka
- (in compounds) poor (one deserving pity)
Declension
editDeclension of rukka (type 3/koira, kk-k gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | rukka | rukat |
genitive | rukan | rukkiin |
partitive | rukkaa | rukkia |
illative | rukkaa | rukkii |
inessive | rukas | rukis |
elative | rukast | rukist |
allative | rukalle | rukille |
adessive | rukal | rukil |
ablative | rukalt | rukilt |
translative | rukaks | rukiks |
essive | rukkanna, rukkaan | rukkinna, rukkiin |
exessive1) | rukkant | rukkint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 491
Categories:
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