referendum

See also: Referendum, référendum, referéndum, and referèndum

English

Etymology

From Latin referendum (“that which ought to be announced”), from refero (“I announce”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌɹɛfəˈɹɛndəm/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

referendum (plural referenda or referendums)

1. (politics) A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment. (The adposition on is usually used before the related subject of the vote.)

   Synonym: plebiscite

   • 1975, Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, Informational Bulletin:

     In some cases, a referendum on the proposed bond issue must be held.

   • 2019, Nalini Mohabir, “Renaming the Cook Islands would be a vital step towards true independence”, in Guardian.:

     Although the Cook Islands held a referendum in 1994, when voters rejected a name change, the yearning for a decolonised identity has not disappeared.

2. An action, choice, etc., which is perceived as passing judgment on another matter.

   My father is taking my decision on whether to go to university as a referendum on his performance as a parent, and it's very stressful.

Derived terms

• pseudoreferendum

 

Translations

direct popular vote

• Albanian: referendum (sq) m
• Arabic: اِسْتِفْتاء m (istiftāʔ)

  Hijazi Arabic: اِسْتِفْتاء m (istiftāʔ)

• Armenian: ռեֆերենդում (hy) (ṙeferendum), հանրաքվե (hy) (hanrakʻve)
• Azerbaijani: referendum, ümumxalq sorğu, ümumi rəy sorğusu
• Belarusian: рэферэ́ндум m (refjeréndum)
• Bulgarian: рефере́ндум (bg) m (referéndum)
• Burmese: ဆန္ဒခံယူခြင်း (hcanda.hkam-yuhkrang:), ဆန္ဒခံယူပွဲ (my) (hcanda.hkam-yu-pwai:)
• Catalan: referèndum (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 公民投票 (zh) (gōngmín tóupiào), 公投 (zh) (gōngtóu)

• Cornish: gwerinvotyans f
• Crimean Tatar: referendum
• Czech: referendum (cs) n
• Danish: folkeafstemning (da) c
• Dutch: referendum (nl) n, volksraadpleging (nl) f
• Esperanto: referendumo
• Estonian: referendum (et), rahvahääletus, rahvaküsitlus
• Faroese: fólkaatkvøða f
• Finnish: kansanäänestys (fi)
• French: référendum (fr) m
• Galician: referendo m
• Georgian: რეფერენდუმი (reperendumi)
• German: Referendum (de) n, Volksabstimmung (de) f
• Greek: δημοψήφισμα (el) n (dimopsífisma)
• Hebrew: מִשְׁאַל עַם (he) m (mish'ál 'ám)
• Hindi: जनमत-संग्रह m (janmat-saṅgrah), मत-संग्रह m (mat-saṅgrah), रेफ़रेंडम (refreṇḍam)
• Hungarian: szavazás (hu), népszavazás (hu), referendum (hu)
• Icelandic: þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla f, þjóðaratkvæði n
• Indonesian: referendum (id)
• Irish: reifreann m
• Italian: referendum (it) m
• Japanese: (general) 住民投票 (ja) (じゅうみんとうひょう, jūmin tōhyō); (for national vote) 国民投票 (ja) (こくみんとうひょう, kokumin tōhyō)
• Kazakh: референдум (referendum)
• Khmer: ប្រជាមតិ (prɑciə mĕəʼteʼ)
• Korean: 국민투표(國民投票) (gungmintupyo)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: referandûm (ku)

• Kyrgyz: референдум (referendum)
• Lao: ປະຊາມະຕິ (pa sā ma ti)
• Latvian: referendums m
• Lithuanian: referendumas m
• Macedonian: рефере́ндум m (referéndum)
• Malay: pungutan suara, referendum (ms)
• Maori: tāpaetanga pōti, pōtitake
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: бүх нийтийн санал хураалт (büx niitiin sanal xuraalt), референдум (referendum)

• Northern Sami: álbmotjienasteapmi
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: folkeavstemning m or f, referendum n, uravstemning (no) m or f (in membership organisations)

  Nynorsk: folkerøysting f, referendum n

• Pashto: ټولپوښتنه (ps) f (ṭolpuẍtǝna), رفرنډم m (referanḍum), رېفرانډم m (refrānḍam)
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: هَمِه‌پُرْسی (hame-porsi), رِفْرانْدوم (fa) (refrândom)

• Polish: referendum (pl) n
• Portuguese: referendo (pt) m, plebiscito (pt) m
• Romanian: referendum (ro) n
• Russian: рефере́ндум (ru) m (referéndum)
• Scottish Gaelic: reifreann
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: реферѐндум m

  Roman: referèndum (sh) m

• Slovak: referendum n
• Slovene: referendum (sl) m
• Spanish: referéndum (es) m, referendo (es) m, plebiscito (es) m
• Swedish: folkomröstning (sv) c
• Tagalog: pagtutukoy, reperendum
• Tajik: раъйпурсӣ (raʾypursi), референдум (referendum)
• Thai: ประชามติ (th) (bprà-chaa-má-dtì)
• Turkish: referandum (tr), halk oylaması (tr)
• Turkmen: referendum
• Ukrainian: рефере́ндум m (referéndum)
• Urdu: رِیفْرینْڈَم (rīfrenḍam)
• Uyghur: رېفېراندۇم (rëfërandum)
• Uzbek: referendum (uz)
• Vietnamese: trưng cầu dân ý (vi)
• Welsh: refferendwm f
• Yiddish: רעפֿערענדום m (referendum)

action perceived as passing judgment

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Finnish: luottamuslauseäänestys (fi)
• Portuguese: please add this translation if you can
• Russian: рефере́ндум (ru) m (referéndum)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Latin: ^{(please verify)} referendum (la) n
• Vietnamese: ^{(please verify)} (cuộc) trưng cầu dân ý

See also

• ad referendum

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Latin referendum.

Noun

referendum

1. referendum (in sense: a direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment).

Declension

Declension of referendum

nominative	referendum
genitive	referendumnıñ
dative	referendumğa
accusative	referendumnı
locative	referendumda
ablative	referendumdan

References

• Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎^[1], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrɛfɛrɛndum]

Noun

referendum n

1. referendum (direct popular vote)

Declension

Declension of referendum (hard neuter foreign)

	singular	plural
nominative	referendum	referenda
genitive	referenda	referend
dative	referendu	referendům
accusative	referendum	referenda
vocative	referendum	referenda
locative	referendu	referendech
instrumental	referendem	referendy

Related terms

• See oferta

Further reading

• “referendum”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “referendum”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “referendum”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Danish

Etymology

From Latin referendum, the neuter gerundive of referre (“to refer”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɛfərɛndɔm/, [ʁɛfəˈʁand̥ɔm]

Noun

referendum n (singular definite referendummet, plural indefinite referendummer or referenda)

1. referendum (direct popular vote on a proposed law)

Inflection

Declension of referendum

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	referendum	referendummet	referendummer referenda	referendummerne referendaene
genitive	referendums	referendummets	referendummers referendas	referendummernes referendaenes

Synonyms

• folkeafstemning

Dutch

Etymology

From Latin referendum.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

referendum n (plural referenda or referendums, diminutive referendumpje n)

1. referendum

Derived terms

• referendabel

 

Descendants

• → Indonesian: referendum
• → Papiamentu: referendum

Estonian

Etymology

From Latin referendum.

Noun

referendum (genitive referendumi, partitive referendumit)

1. referendum

   Synonyms: rahvahääletus, rahvaküsitlus

Declension

Declension of referendum (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		referendum	referendumid
accusative	nom.
	gen.	referendumi
genitive			referendumite
partitive		referendumit	referendumeid
illative		referendumisse	referendumitesse referendumeisse
inessive		referendumis	referendumites referendumeis
elative		referendumist	referendumitest referendumeist
allative		referendumile	referendumitele referendumeile
adessive		referendumil	referendumitel referendumeil
ablative		referendumilt	referendumitelt referendumeilt
translative		referendumiks	referendumiteks referendumeiks
terminative		referendumini	referendumiteni
essive		referendumina	referendumitena
abessive		referendumita	referendumiteta
comitative		referendumiga	referendumitega

Derived terms

• pseudoreferendum

See also

• plebistsiit

Further reading

• “referendum”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
• “referendum”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
• referendum in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁe.fe.ʁɛ̃.dɔm/, /ʁe.fe.ʁɑ̃.dɔm/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

referendum m (plural referendums or referenda)

1. Alternative spelling of référendum

Further reading

• “referendum”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch referendum, from Latin referendum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /re.fəˈrɛn.dum/, [re.fəˈrɛn.dʊm]
• Rhymes: -dʊm
• Hyphenation: re‧fê‧ren‧dum

Noun

refêrendum (plural referendum-referendum, first-person possessive referendumku, second-person possessive referendummu, third-person possessive referendumnya)

1. (law, government, politics) referendum: a direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment.

Derived terms

• referendum fakultatif
• referendum obligator

 

Further reading

• “referendum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /re.feˈrɛn.dum/
• Rhymes: -ɛndum
• Hyphenation: re‧fe‧rèn‧dum

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

referendum m (invariable)

1. referendum

Derived terms

• referendario

Ladin

Noun

referendum m (plural referendums)

1. referendum

Latin

Participle

referendum

1. inflection of referendus:
   1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular
   2. accusative masculine singular

Malay

Etymology

From English referendum, from Latin referendum (“that which ought to be announced”), from refero (“I announce”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [rɛ.fə.rɛn.dəm]
• Rhymes: -dəm, -əm
• Hyphenation: re‧fe‧ren‧dum

Noun

referendum (Jawi spelling ريفريندوم, plural referendum-referendum, informal 1st possessive referendumku, 2nd possessive referendummu, 3rd possessive referendumnya)

1. (politics) A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment; a referendum.

   Synonym: pungutan suara

Further reading

• “referendum” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Maltese

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin referendum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɛ.fɛˈrɛn.dum/

Noun

referendum m (plural referenda or referendumijiet)

1. referendum

Related terms

• refendarju

 

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin referendum.

Noun

referendum n (definite singular referendumet, indefinite plural referenda or referendumer, definite plural referendaene or referenduma or referendumene)

1. a referendum

Synonyms

• folkeavstemning

References

• “referendum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “referendum” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin referendum.

Noun

referendum n (definite singular referendumet, indefinite plural referendum, definite plural referenduma)

1. a referendum

Synonyms

• folkerøysting

References

• “referendum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

referendum

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin referendum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɛ.fɛˈrɛn.dum/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛndum
• Syllabification: re‧fe‧ren‧dum

Noun

referendum n (related adjective referendalny or referendowy)

1. (law, politics) referendum (direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment)

   Synonym: plebiscyt

   Hypernym: głosowanie

Declension

Declension of referendum

	singular	plural
nominative	referendum	referenda
genitive	referendum	referendów
dative	referendum	referendom
accusative	referendum	referenda
instrumental	referendum	referendami
locative	referendum	referendach
vocative	referendum	referenda

Further reading

• referendum in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• referendum in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• referendum in PWN's encyclopedia

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin referendum, French référendum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /re.feˈren.dum/

Noun

referendum n (plural referendumuri)

1. referendum

   Synonym: plebiscit

Declension

Declension of referendum

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) referendum	referendumul	(niște) referendumuri	referendumurile
genitive/dative	(unui) referendum	referendumului	(unor) referendumuri	referendumurilor
vocative	referendumule		referendumurilor

Related terms

• referendar

References

• referendum in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /referěndum/
• Hyphenation: re‧fe‧ren‧dum

Noun

referèndum m (Cyrillic spelling реферѐндум)

1. referendum

Declension

Declension of referendum

	singular	plural
nominative	referendum	referendumi
genitive	referenduma	referenduma
dative	referendumu	referendumima
accusative	referendum	referendume
vocative	referendume	referendumi
locative	referendumu	referendumima
instrumental	referendumom	referendumima

Swedish

Noun

referendum

1. referendum (direct popular vote)

   Synonym: folkomröstning

Further reading

• referendum in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)