castro
Catalan
editVerb
editcastro
Galician
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese castro, from Latin castrum. Cognate with Portuguese castro, Spanish castro. See also alcázar, borrowed from Spanish, which entered through Arabic.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editcastro m (plural castros)
- a local fortified Iron Age village, of which some 3,000 are known in Galicia
- (by extension) any fortified archaeological site
Derived terms
edit- castrexo
- Castrelo
- Castrelos
- Castrillón
- Castro
- Castro Bo
- Castro Caldelas
- Castrobó
- Castromaior
- Castromao
- Castroverde
See also
edit- Castro (poboado) on the Galician Wikipedia.Wikipedia gl
References
edit- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “castro”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “castro”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “castro”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “castro”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “castro”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Italian
editVerb
editcastro
Anagrams
editLatin
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Italic *kastrāō, denominative in -ō perhaps from a lost instrumental noun, Proto-Italic *kastrom (“knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱos-tróm (“cutting tool, knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut up, to slaughter”); compare Sanskrit शस्त्र (śastra, “sword, dagger”).[1] See also castrum, careō.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈkas.troː/, [ˈkäs̠t̪roː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkas.tro/, [ˈkäst̪ro]
Verb
editcastrō (present infinitive castrāre, perfect active castrāvī, supine castrātum); first conjugation
- to prune
- to amputate
- to punish
- to purge
- to castrate or spay
- Late 8th century, unknown author, Lex Frisionum:
- Qui fanum effregerit, et ibi aliquid de sacris tulerit, ducitur ad mare et in sabulo quod accessus maris operire solet, finduntur aures eius et castratur, et immolatur diis quorum templa violavit.
- The person who breaks into a temple and takes away some of its holy contents shall be taken to the sea, to that part of the sand that is covered during flood, where his ears shall be torn and he shall be castrated and be sacrificed to the gods whose temple he violated.
- Late 8th century, unknown author, Lex Frisionum:
- to dock (a tail)
Conjugation
editDerived terms
editRelated terms
edit- castrum (?)
Descendants
editMany reflexes show rhotic metathesis and/or crossing with crista.
- Balkan Romance:
- >? Romanian: cresta
- Italo-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: crastare
- North Italian:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Occitano-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Borrowings:
- → English: castrate
- → French: castrer
- → German: kastrieren
- → Romanian: castra
References
edit- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 586
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “castrare”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 476
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “castrō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97
Further reading
edit- “castro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “castro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- castro in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- castro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Portuguese
editPronunciation
edit
Etymology 1
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese castro, from Latin castrum, from Proto-Indo-European *kes- (“to cut, cut off, separate”). Cognate with Galician and Spanish castro. Doublet of alcácer, via Arabic.
Alternative forms
editNoun
editcastro m (plural castros)
- fort (of Roman or prehistoric origin)
- a fortified pre-Roman Iron Age village frequently found in the northwestern regions of the Iberian Peninsula
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editSee also
editEtymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
editcastro
Spanish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from Latin castrum. Also survives natively in several Spanish toponyms. Doublet of alcázar, which came through Arabic.
Noun
editcastro m (plural castros)
Related terms
editEtymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
editcastro
Further reading
edit- “castro”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “castro”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes I (A–Ca), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 917
- Catalan non-lemma forms
- Catalan verb forms
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Galician/astɾo
- Rhymes:Galician/astɾo/2 syllables
- Galician lemmas
- Galician nouns
- Galician countable nouns
- Galician masculine nouns
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian verb forms
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms suffixed with -o (denominative)
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin verbs
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin first conjugation verbs
- Latin first conjugation verbs with perfect in -av-
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Portuguese/astɾu
- Rhymes:Portuguese/astɾu/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aʃtɾu
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aʃtɾu/2 syllables
- Portuguese terms with homophones
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Portuguese doublets
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese verb forms
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/astɾo
- Rhymes:Spanish/astɾo/2 syllables
- Spanish terms borrowed from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish doublets
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms