barbar

See also: Barbar, barbár, and bàrbar

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [bərˈba]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [baɾˈbaɾ]
• Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
• Homophone: barbà

Verb

barbar (first-person singular present barbo, first-person singular preterite barbí, past participle barbat)

1. to beard (to grow hair on the chin and jaw)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of barbar (first conjugation)

infinitive			barbar
gerund			barbant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		barbat		barbada
		plural		barbats		barbades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	barbo	barbes	barba	barbem	barbeu	barben
	imperfect	barbava	barbaves	barbava	barbàvem	barbàveu	barbaven
	future	barbaré	barbaràs	barbarà	barbarem	barbareu	barbaran
	preterite	barbí	barbares	barbà	barbàrem	barbàreu	barbaren
	conditional	barbaria	barbaries	barbaria	barbaríem	barbaríeu	barbarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	barbi	barbis	barbi	barbem	barbeu	barbin
	imperfect	barbés	barbessis	barbés	barbéssim	barbéssiu	barbessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	barba	barbi	barbem	barbeu	barbin
	negative (no)	—	no barbis	no barbi	no barbem	no barbeu	no barbin

Czech

Noun

barbar m anim

1. barbarian
2. philistine (uncultured person)

Declension

Declension of barbar (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	barbar	barbaři
genitive	barbara	barbarů
dative	barbarovi, barbaru	barbarům
accusative	barbara	barbary
vocative	barbare	barbaři
locative	barbarovi, barbaru	barbarech
instrumental	barbarem	barbary

Related terms

• barbarsky
• barbarský

 

Danish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, strange”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /barbaːr/, [b̥ɑˈb̥ɑːˀ]

Noun

barbar c (singular definite barbaren, plural indefinite barbarer)

1. barbarian (an uncivilized person)

Inflection

Declension of barbar

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	barbar	barbaren	barbarer	barbarerne
genitive	barbars	barbarens	barbarers	barbarernes

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch barbaar, from Middle Dutch barbaer, from barbarien, from Old French barbare, from Latin barbarus, from Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros). Cognate of Arabic بَرْبَر (barbar).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbarbar]
• Hyphenation: bar‧bar

Adjective

barbar

1. barbaric, uncivilized, uncultured or uncouth.

Noun

barbar (first-person possessive barbarku, second-person possessive barbarmu, third-person possessive barbarnya)

1. barbarian.

Related terms

• barbarisme

 

Further reading

• “barbar” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, non-Greek, strange”).

Noun

barbar m (definite singular barbaren, indefinite plural barbarer, definite plural barbarene)

1. a barbarian

Derived terms

• barbarisk

References

• “barbar” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, non-Greek, strange”).

Noun

barbar m (definite singular barbaren, indefinite plural barbarar, definite plural barbarane)

1. a barbarian

Derived terms

• barbarisk

References

• “barbar” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French barbare. Doublet of varvar.

Noun

barbar m (plural barbari)

1. barbarian

Declension

Declension of barbar

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) barbar	barbarul	(niște) barbari	barbarii
genitive/dative	(unui) barbar	barbarului	(unor) barbari	barbarilor
vocative	barbarule		barbarilor

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• bȁrbarin (Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro)
• varvarin (Bosnia, Serbia)

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, strange”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bǎrbar/
• Hyphenation: bar‧bar

Noun

bàrbar m (Cyrillic spelling ба̀рбар)

1. barbarian

Declension

Declension of barbar

	singular	plural
nominative	barbar	barbari
genitive	barbara	barbara
dative	barbaru	barbarima
accusative	barbara	barbare
vocative	barbare	barbari
locative	barbaru	barbarima
instrumental	barbarom	barbarima

References

• “barbar”, in Hrvatski jezični portal (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Spanish

Etymology

From barba +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baɾˈbaɾ/ [baɾˈβ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: bar‧bar

Verb

barbar (first-person singular present barbo, first-person singular preterite barbé, past participle barbado)

1. (intransitive) to beard (to grow hair on the chin and jaw)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of barbar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			barbar
gerund			barbando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		barbado		barbada
		plural		barbados		barbadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	barbo	barbastú barbásvos	barba	barbamos	barbáis	barban
	imperfect	barbaba	barbabas	barbaba	barbábamos	barbabais	barbaban
	preterite	barbé	barbaste	barbó	barbamos	barbasteis	barbaron
	future	barbaré	barbarás	barbará	barbaremos	barbaréis	barbarán
	conditional	barbaría	barbarías	barbaría	barbaríamos	barbaríais	barbarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	barbe	barbestú barbésvos2	barbe	barbemos	barbéis	barben
	imperfect (ra)	barbara	barbaras	barbara	barbáramos	barbarais	barbaran
	imperfect (se)	barbase	barbases	barbase	barbásemos	barbaseis	barbasen
	future1	barbare	barbares	barbare	barbáremos	barbareis	barbaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		barbatú barbávos	barbe	barbemos	barbad	barben
	negative		no barbes	no barbe	no barbemos	no barbéis	no barben

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Further reading

• “barbar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28

Swedish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros).

Noun

barbar c

1. barbarian (an uncivilized person)

Declension

Declension of barbar

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	barbar	barbars
	definite	barbaren	barbarens
plural	indefinite	barbarer	barbarers
	definite	barbarerna	barbarernas

Related terms

• barbarisk

Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from French barbare, from Medieval Latin barbarinus (“Berber, pagan, Saracen, barbarian”), from Latin barbaria (“foreign country”), from barbarus (“foreigner, savage”), from Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign, non-Greek, strange”), possibly onomatopoeic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baɾbaɾ/, [baɾbaɾ̥]

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

barbar

1. barbarian (uncivilized)

Declension

predicative forms of barbar

present tense
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I am)	barbarım	barbar mıyım?	barbar değilim	barbar değil miyim?
sen (you are)	barbarsın	barbar mısın?	barbar değilsin	barbar değil misin?
o (he/she/it is)	barbar / barbardır	barbar mı?	barbar değil	barbar değil mi?
biz (we are)	barbarız	barbar mıyız?	barbar değiliz	barbar değil miyiz?
siz (you are)	barbarsınız	barbar mısınız?	barbar değilsiniz	barbar değil misiniz?
onlar (they are)	barbar(lar)	barbar(lar) mı?	barbar değil(ler)	barbar değiller mi?
past tense
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I was)	barbardım	barbar mıydım?	barbar değildim	barbar değil miydim?
sen (you were)	barbardın	barbar mıydın?	barbar değildin	barbar değil miydin?
o (he/she/it was)	barbardı	barbar mıydı?	barbar değildi	barbar değil miydi?
biz (we were)	barbardık	barbar mıydık?	barbar değildik	barbar değil miydik?
siz (you were)	barbardınız	barbar mıydınız?	barbar değildiniz	barbar değil miydiniz?
onlar (they were)	barbardılar	barbar mıydılar?	barbar değildi(ler) / değillerdi	barbar değil miydiler?
indirect past
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I was)	barbarmışım	barbar mıymışım?	barbar değilmişim	barbar değil miymişim?
sen (you were)	barbarmışsın	barbar mıymışsın?	barbar değilmişsin	barbar değil miymişsin?
o (he/she/it was)	barbarmış	barbar mıymış?	barbar değilmiş	barbar değil miymiş?
biz (we were)	barbarmışız	barbar mıymışız?	barbar değilmişiz	barbar değil miymişiz?
siz (you were)	barbarmışsınız	barbar mıymışsınız?	barbar değilmişsiniz	barbar değil miymişsiniz?
onlar (they were)	barbarmışlar	barbar mıymışlar?	barbar değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş	barbar değil miymişler?
conditional
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (if I)	barbarsam	barbar mıysam?	barbar değilsem	barbar değil miysem?
sen (if you)	barbarsan	barbar mıysan?	barbar değilsen	barbar değil miysen?
o (if he/she/it)	barbarsa	barbar mıysa?	barbar değilse	barbar değil miyse?
biz (if we)	barbarsak	barbar mıysak?	barbar değilsek	barbar değil miysek?
siz (if you)	barbarsanız	barbar mıysanız?	barbar değilseniz	barbar değil miyseniz?
onlar (if they)	barbarsalar	barbar mıysalar?	barbar değilseler / değillerse	barbar değil miyseler?