-na
Albanian • Aymara • Curripaco • Czech • Estonian • Finnish • Garo • Hadza • Hawaiian • Hungarian • Ilocano • Ingrian • Irish • Kambera • Laboya • Laz • Madurese • Makasar • Maltese • Maori • Murui Huitoto • Old English • Old Norse • Old Polish • Polish • Quechua • Scots • Swedish • Taos • Uneapa • Volapük
Page categories
English
editSuffix
edit-na
- (Mid-Ulster) -n't
- 1892, William Carleton, Amusing Irish Tales:
- Balgruntie wasna that—
Anagrams
editAlbanian
editEtymology
editRelated to unë (“I”) and maybe further to ne (“we”).
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na
- Gheg form of -em, the mediopassive first-person singular indicative present ending.
- Gheg form of -mi, the active first-person plural indicative present ending.
- (ne) kena shumë punë për me bo.
- we have much work to do
Aymara
editSuffix
edit-na
- possessive marker
Curripaco
editSuffix
edit-na
- third person plural patient marker
References
edit- Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN), page 398
Czech
editPronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na f (noun-forming suffix)
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- -na in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Estonian
editSuffix
edit-na
- Forms the essive case.
Usage notes
edit- The suffix is appended to the genitive stem or an appropriate plural stem.
Finnish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Finnic *-na, from the Proto-Uralic locative case ending *-na.
Suffix
edit-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä, linguistic notation -nA)
- Forms the essive case.
- eräänä kauniina aamuna ― on a beautiful morning
- Ennen pidit minua kauniina.
- You used to think I was beautiful.
Usage notes
edit- The suffix is appended to the same stem as the illative suffixes, and also the partitive singular often uses the same stem.
- See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the essive case is used.
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Proto-Finnic *-na, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-na.
Suffix
edit-na (front vowel harmony variant -nä, linguistic notation -nA)
- Forms action nouns from certain verbs, mainly related to sound, whose first infinitive ends in -sta.
- Forms some diminutive nouns.
Alternative forms
edit- -ina (reanalyzed into its own suffix)
Derived terms
editAnagrams
editGaro
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
edit-na
- (inflectional suffix) forms the dative case
- reason
- Maina na·a rel gariko sraprikjaha?
- For what reason did you not catch the train?
See also
editHadza
editPronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na
Hawaiian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Polynesian *-ŋa.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na
- Common nominalizing suffix, sometimes with shortening of a long vowel in the base.
- ʻai → ʻaina
- piʻi → piʻina
Derived terms
editHungarian
editPronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na
- (conditional suffix) Forms the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).
Usage notes
editPerson | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -nék | ||
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anék | -enék | ||
te | 2nd person singular | -nál | -nél | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anál | -enél | ||
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | -na | -ne | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-ana | -ene | ||
mi | 1st person plural | -nánk | -nénk | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anánk | -enénk | ||
ti | 2nd person plural | -nátok | -nétek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anátok | -enétek | ||
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nának | -nének | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t |
-anának | -enének | ||
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |
- (conditional suffix) Variants:
See also
editIlocano
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ni-a, from Proto-Austronesian *ni-a.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
edit-na (pronoun-forming suffix)
- Third-person singular ergative enclitic pronoun; he, she, it
- Kayatna ti mangan. ― He/she/it wants to eat.
- Third-person singular possessive marker; his, her, its
- Naimas ti makanna. ― His/her/its food is delicious.
- Fossilized enclitic of some adverbials or auxiliary verbs
- Rebbengna nga addaka ditoy. ― You should be here.
- Kasla nga awan inggana ti utangna. ― His/her debt seems to be endless.
- Referential pronoun used in existential or relative clauses; the (adjective) (ones), those who, the ones who
- Tulongantayo dagiti awan balayna. ― Let's help the homeless. (Let's help those who do not have homes.)
- Naupay uray dagiti napigsa ti pakinakemna. ― Even the strong-willed (ones) became disheartened.
See also
editPerson | Number | Absolutive | Ergative | Oblique | Possessive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disjunctive | Enclitic | Enclitic3 | bági form | kukua form | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First | singular | siak | -ak | -ko, -k | kaniak | bagik | kukuak, kuak | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
dual | data, sita1 | -ta | kaniata, kadata | bagita | kukuata | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural inclusive | datayo, sitayo1 | -tayo, -tay | kaniatayo, kadatayo | bagitayo | kukuatayo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural exclusive | dakami, sikami1 | -kami, -kam | -mi | kaniami, kadakami | bagimi | kukuami | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Second | singular | sika | -ka | -mo, -m | kaniam, kenka | bagim | kukuam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural | dakayo, sikayo1 | -kayo, -kay | -yo | kaniayo, kadakayo | bagiyo | kukuayo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Third | singular | isu, isuna | Ø2 | -na | kaniana, kenkuana | bagina | kukuana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
plural | isuda | -da | kaniada, kadakuada | bagida | kukuada | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1Regional variants. 2Null morpheme. There is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used. 3Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fused enclitics
|
Ingrian
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Finnic *-na. Cognates include Finnish -na.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na (front vowel variant -nä)
- Used to form place names.
- Used to form action nouns from certain verbs related to sounds: -ing
- Used to form nouns that resembles a smaller version of the suffixed noun: -y
Declension
editDeclension of -na (type 3/koira, no gradation, gemination) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -na | -nat |
genitive | -nan | -nniin |
partitive | -nnaa | -nnia |
illative | -nnaa | -nnii |
inessive | -nas | -nis |
elative | -nast | -nist |
allative | -nalle | -nille |
adessive | -nal | -nil |
ablative | -nalt | -nilt |
translative | -naks | -niks |
essive | -nanna, -nnaan | -ninna, -nniin |
exessive1) | -nant | -nint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Derived terms
editIrish
editPronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na
- Alternative form of -ne (used after velarized consonants and back vowels)
See also
editPerson | After a broad consonant | After a slender consonant |
---|---|---|
1 sg. | -sa | -se |
2 sg. | ||
3 sg. m. | -san | -sean |
3 sg. f. | -sa | -se |
1 pl. | -na | -ne -e (after nn in pronouns) |
2 pl. | -sa | -se |
3 pl. | -san | -sean |
Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object. |
Kambera
editPronoun
edit-na
See also
editLaboya
editPronoun
edit-na
See also
editLaz
editSuffix
edit-na
- Latin spelling of -ნა (-na)
Madurese
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nia, from Proto-Austronesian *nia. Compare Indonesian -nya, which also has similar function.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na
Usage notes
edit- When suffixed to consonant-final words, it is then assimilated to that consonant.
- When suffixed to word ending in unvoiced stops (p, t, k), the assimilated consonants either become aspirated (bbh, ddh, ggh) or being retained by some speakers (pp, tt, kk). As a rule, -a following voiced consonants become -â.
Further reading
edit- Davies, W. D. (2010) A Grammar of Madurese[1], Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton
Makasar
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *nia, from Proto-Austronesian *nia.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na (possessive suffix, Lontara spelling ᨊ)
See also
editMaltese
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na m or f
Related terms
editMaori
editSuffix
edit-na
- Used in contractions with particles of possession of third person pronouns.
- a passive ending
Derived terms
editSee also
editMurui Huitoto
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editCognates include Minica Huitoto -na and Nüpode Huitoto -na.
Classifier
edit-na
- Classifier for trees.
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Suffix
edit-na
- Alternative form of -a
Etymology 3
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Suffix
edit-na
- hypothetical conditional of -de
References
edit- Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[2], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), pages 197, 134
Old English
editPronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na
Old Norse
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Germanic *-inōną.
Suffix
edit-na
- Used to form inchoative verbs from adjectives
Conjugation
editinfinitive | -na | |
---|---|---|
present participle | -nandi | |
past participle | -naðr | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | -na | -naða |
2nd-person singular | -nar | -naðir |
3rd-person singular | -nar | -naði |
1st-person plural | -num | -nuðum |
2nd-person plural | -nið | -nuðuð |
3rd-person plural | -na | -nuðu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | -na | -naða |
2nd-person singular | -nir | -naðir |
3rd-person singular | -ni | -naði |
1st-person plural | -nim | -naðim |
2nd-person plural | -nið | -naðið |
3rd-person plural | -ni | -naði |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | -na | |
1st-person plural | -num | |
2nd-person plural | -nið |
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Proto-Germanic *-anǫ̂ and *-ōnǫ̂, genitive plural endings of weak neuter and feminine nouns.
Suffix
edit-na
- Used to form the genitive plural of some weak feminine and neuter nouns
- hjarta → hjartna
- saga → sagna
Etymology 3
editSuffix
edit-na
Old Polish
editEtymology
editDerived from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na f
- forms feminine adjective-like nouns
Derived terms
editPolish
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish -na, from Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na f
- forms feminine adjective-like nouns -ess
- Synonym: -ka
- arcyksiążę + -na → arcyksiężna
- forms feminine adjective-like nouns meaning "wife of"
- Synonym: -owa
- arcyksiążę + -na → arcyksiężna
Declension
editDerived terms
editQuechua
edit- Not to be confused with -ña
Suffix
edit-na
- Nominalizer, future perfect participle.
See also
editScots
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na
Swedish
editEtymology 1
editFrom the plural of Old Norse hinn (demonstrative pronoun), suffixed to the end of the noun stem. Usually corresponds to Danish, Norwegian Bokmål and Norwegian Nynorsk -ne.
Alternative forms
edit- -a (used for fourth-declension nouns)
- -en (used for fifth-declension nouns not ending in -are)
- -ne (archaic, masculine)
Suffix
edit-na
- Marker of definiteness on nouns in the plural (except for nouns of the fourth and some of the fifth declension).
Usage notes
edit- In earlier Swedish, the suffix -na was only used for feminine nouns, while -ne was used for masculine nouns, thus "stenarne" (definite of stenar) and "kvinnorna" (definite of kvinnor) were used alongside each other. In attempts to try to produce archaic language, the suffix is sometimes changed to -ne in all positions, producing historically incorrect forms like "kvinnorne".
Etymology 2
editFrom Old Norse -na, from Proto-Germanic *-naną.
Suffix
edit-na
- -en; Used with some adjectives or verbal stems to form inchoative verbs
Usage notes
edit- Inchoative verb
- The suffix -na may be analysed as two morphemes (-n (inchoative verb stem) + -a (infinitive)). Traditionally the a's near the ends of the Swedish first declension verb forms have been regarded as part of the suffixes, but nowadays it is more common to see it described as part of the stems of these verbs, since all endings not beginning with an a are extinct or considered heavily archaic.
Derived terms
editAnagrams
editTaos
editSuffix
edit-na
- Singular number inflection. (See also: -ną, -nemą, -ne.)
Uneapa
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Oceanic *-ña, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-nia, from Proto-Austronesian *-nia.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit-na
- A third-person singular possessive suffix.
Further reading
edit- Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 365
Volapük
editSuffix
edit-na
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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