-î

See also: Appendix:Variations of "i"

Northern Kurdish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Iranian, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-ikos; cognates include Sanskrit -कस (-kasa), Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ, Latin -icus, Old English -iġ, English -y.

Alternative forms

• -yî — appended to vowel-final words

Suffix

-î (Arabic spelling ـی)

1. Added to nouns and adjectives to form adjectives meaning “having the quality of”: -y, -ish, -like

   ‎av (“water”) + ‎-î → ‎avî (“watery, liquid”)

   ‎bajar (“city”) + ‎-î → ‎bajarî (“urban”)

   ‎zîv (“silver”) + ‎-î → ‎zîvî (“silvery, argentous”)

2. Added to placenames (or roots thereof) or ethnonyms to form adjectives meaning “of or pertaining to”: -ian, -ese, -ic, -ish

   ‎kurd (“Kurd”) + ‎-î → ‎kurdî (“Kurdish”)

   ‎ereb (“Arab”) + ‎-î → ‎erebî (“Arabic”)

   ‎Çîn (“China”) + ‎-î → ‎çînî (“Chinese”)

   ‎Yewnan(istan) (“Greece”) + ‎-î → ‎yewnanî (“Greek”)

Derived terms

Northern Kurdish terms suffixed with -î (adjectival)

Northern Kurdish terms suffixed with -yî (adjectival)

Northern Kurdish terms suffixed with -î (belonging)

Northern Kurdish terms suffixed with -yî (belonging)

Etymology 2

Compare Persian ـی (-i).

Suffix

-î (Arabic spelling ـی)

1. Used to derive abstract nouns from adjectives: -ness, -ity, -hood

   ‎qenc (“good”) + ‎-î → ‎qencî (“goodness”)

   ‎xirab (“bad”) + ‎-î → ‎xirabî (“badness, evil”)

   ‎sor (“red”) + ‎-î → ‎sorî (“redness, ruddiness”)

Derived terms

Northern Kurdish terms suffixed with -î (abstract noun)

See also

• -ahî
• -ayî
• -tî

 

Etymology 3

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, athematic root present of the root *h₁es- (“to be”).

Suffix

-î (Arabic spelling ـی)

1. Used for conjugation of the second person singular (tu):

   tu dibêjî ― you speak

   tu hatî ― you came

Etymology 4

Suffix

-î (Arabic spelling ـی)

1. Added to placenames to make a gendered noun of origin or nationality:

   ‎gund (“village”) + ‎-î → ‎gundî (“villager”)

2. his or her:

   ‎ser (“head”) + ‎-î → ‎serî (“his head, her head”), same as "serê wê/wî"

   ‎dest (“hand”) + ‎-î → ‎destî (“his hand, her hand”), same as "destê wê/wî"

3. (oral, nonstandard) Used for present tense conjugation of the third person singular:

   ew dibêjî ― he speaks

Derived terms

Northern Kurdish terms suffixed with -î

Romanian

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -īre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of fourth conjugation verbs. Cognate with Spanish ir and French -ir, Italian -ire, etc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɨ/

Suffix

-î

1. A suffix forming infinitives of many verbs.

Usage notes

• Most verbs with infinitives in -î are marked by the once-inchoative infix -ăsc- in many parts of their conjugation, as well as in various derived words; two such verbs are a urî (“to hate”) and a hotărî (“to decide”).
• A sizable group of verbs have infinitives in -î but do not use the infix -ăsc-, and are otherwise fairly regular; these include, among others, the common verb a coborî (“to descend”).
• There is a variant form, -i, derived from the same Latin source.

Conjugation

    conjugation of -î (fourth conjugation, no infix)

infinitive			a -î
gerund			-ând
past participle			-ât
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	-	-i	-ă	-âm	-âți	-ă
	imperfect	-am	-ai	-a	-am	-ați	-au
	simple perfect	-âi	-âși	-î	-ârăm	-ârăți	-âră
	pluperfect	-âsem	-âseși	-âse	-âserăm	-âserăți	-âseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să -	să -i	să -e	să -âm	să -âți	să -e
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		-ă			-âți
	negative		nu -î			nu -âți

Derived terms

Romanian terms suffixed with -î

Related terms

• -ea
• -i
• -e
• -a

See also

• -re

Walloon

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iː/

Suffix

-î

1. Indicates a person who does (as a profession) the action described by the root word. Roughly equivalent to English -er.
2. A verb ending for infinitives.

Derived terms

Walloon terms suffixed with -î