秒

秒 U+79D2, 秒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79D2 ← 科 [U+79D1] CJK Unified Ideographs 秓 → [U+79D3]

Translingual

Han character

秒 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木火竹 (HDFH), four-corner 2992₀, composition ⿰禾少)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 850, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24952
• Dae Jaweon: page 1274, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2593, character 12
• Unihan data for U+79D2

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (小) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
觘	*sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
抄	*sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
鈔	*sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
訬	*sm̥ʰreːw, *mewʔ
炒	*sʰroːʔ
吵	*sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ
耖	*sm̥ʰreːws
仯	*sm̥ʰreːws
眇	*mewʔ
渺	*mewʔ
杪	*mewʔ
秒	*mewʔ
篎	*mewʔ, *mews
妙	*mews
玅	*mews
釥	*sm̥ʰewʔ
小	*smewʔ
少	*hmjewʔ, *hmjews
麨	*m̥ʰjewʔ
尠	*senʔ, *smos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mewʔ) : semantic 禾 (“cereal; grain”) + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		秒

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): miǎo (miao³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄠˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): miao³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): miu⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): miau⁴

• Gan (Wiktionary): mieu³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): miéu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): miau³

• Jin (Wiktionary): miau²
• Northern Min (KCR): miǎu
• Eastern Min (BUC): miēu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): biáu / bió

  (Teochew, Peng'im): miao² / miou²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶miau
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): miau³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: miǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄠˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: miǎo
    • Wade–Giles: miao³
    • Yale: myǎu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meau
    • Palladius: мяо (mjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: miao³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: miao
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miau⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: miu⁵
    • Yale: míuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: miu⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: miu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːu̯¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: miau⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbiau²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: mieu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miɛu²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miéu
    • Hakka Romanization System: mieu^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mieu³
    • Sinological IPA: /mi̯eu̯³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: miau³
    • Sinological IPA: /miau³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: miau²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /miau⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: miǎu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miau²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: miēu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mieu³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biáu
    • Tâi-lô: biáu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: biao
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biau⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biau⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /biau⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bió
    • Tâi-lô: bió
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bioir
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɤ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bio⁵³/

Note:

• Taiwan:
  • biáu - literary;
  • bió - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: miao² / miou²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miáu / mióu
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miau⁵²/, /miou⁵²/

Note:

• miao2 - Shantou;
• miou2 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶miau
    • MiniDict: miau^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³miau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /miɔ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: miau³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɒu̯⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: mjiewX

Rime
Character	秒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	亡沼切
Baxter	mjiewX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/miᴇuX/
Pan Wuyun	/miɛuX/
Shao Rongfen	/mjæuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/miawX/
Li Rong	/miɛuX/
Wang Li	/mĭɛuX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯ɛuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	miǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	miu5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*mewʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	秒
Reading #	1/1
No.	13698
Phonetic component	小
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	眇
Old Chinese	/*mewʔ/

Definitions

秒

1. (obsolete) awn; arista
2. (obsolete) tiny; minute; insignificant
3. (obsolete) tip; end; extremity
4. Classifier for time: second

   一天有86400秒。  ―  Yī tiān yǒu 86400 miǎo.  ―  There are 86,400 seconds in one day.

5. Classifier for measuring an angle or latitude/longitude: second; arcsecond
6. (obsolete) unit of length equal to 0.0001 cun
7. (neologism, by extension) in seconds; immediately; instantly; at once

   秒回  ―  miǎo huí  ―  reply instantly

   秒刪／秒删  ―  miǎo shān  ―  delete instantly

8. (neologism, by extension, of player, enemy, problem, etc.) kill, finish, solve, etc, instantly

   這道題用洛必達法則秒了。 [MSC, trad.]
   这道题用洛必达法则秒了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhè dào tí yòng luòbìdá fǎzé miǎo le. [Pinyin]

   You can solve this problem instantly using L'Hospital's rule.

Synonyms

• 秒鐘／秒钟 (miǎozhōng)

Compounds

• 位元每秒
• 分秒
• 分秒必爭／分秒必争 (fēnmiǎobìzhēng)
• 披秒
• 每秒位元數／每秒位元数
• 每秒傳輸千位元數／每秒传输千位元数
• 每秒傳送位數／每秒传送位数
• 每秒千位元數／每秒千位元数
• 每秒千字節／每秒千字节
• 每秒千比特
• 比特每秒
• 毫秒 (háomiǎo)
• 爭分奪秒／争分夺秒 (zhēngfēnduómiǎo)
• 秒回 (miǎohuí)
• 秒差距 (miǎochājù)
• 秒忽
• 秒殺／秒杀 (miǎoshā)
• 秒針／秒针 (miǎozhēn)
• 秒錶／秒表 (miǎobiǎo)
• 秒鐘／秒钟 (miǎozhōng)
• 米每秒
• 讀秒／读秒 (dúmiǎo)
• 閏秒／闰秒 (rùnmiǎo)

 

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 秒 – see 藐 (“small; young; to look down on; to think little of; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 藐).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

秒

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

1. second

Readings

• Go-on: みょう (myō)
• Kan-on: びょう (byō, Jōyō)
• Kun: のぎ (nogi, 秒)

Compounds

• 秒(びょう)速(そく) (byōsoku)
• 秒(びょう)読(よ)み (byōyomi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
秒
びょう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) びょー [byóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [bʲo̞ː]

• Homophones: 眇, 廟, 鋲, 渺

Noun

秒(びょう) • (byō) ^{←べう (beu)?}

1. second (one-sixtieth of a minute; SI unit of time)
2. second (unit of angular measure)

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 묘 (myo) based on Middle Chinese 秒 (MC mjiewX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	묘ᇢ〯 (Yale: myǒw)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰo̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [초]

Hanja

Wikisource

秒 (eumhun 초 초 (cho cho))

1. hanja form^? of 초 (“the SI unit of time, second”)
2. hanja form^? of 초 (“(geometry) a second of arc”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 초속 (秒速, chosok)
• 분초 (分秒, buncho)
• 초침 (秒針, chochim)
• 기초 (記秒, gicho)
• 매초 (每秒, maecho)
• 윤초 (閏秒, yuncho)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

秒: Hán Nôm readings: miểu, sao

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.