痛い
See also: いたい
Japanese
editKanji in this term |
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痛 |
いた Grade: 6 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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甚い イタい (particularly the "cringy" sense) |
Etymology
editFrom Old Japanese 痛し (itasi),[1][2][3][4] from Proto-Japonic *eta (“painful”). Might originally be an interjection; compare English ouch.
Pronunciation
edit- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「痛い」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Continuative (連用形) | 痛く | いたく いたく |
[íꜜtàkù] [ìtáꜜkù] |
Terminal (終止形) | 痛い | いたい | [ìtáꜜì] |
Attributive (連体形) | 痛い | いたい | [ìtáꜜì] |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 痛くない | いたくない いたくない |
[íꜜtàkùnàì] [ìtáꜜkùnàì] |
Informal past | 痛かった | いたかった いたかった |
[íꜜtàkàttà] [ìtáꜜkàttà] |
Informal negative past | 痛くなかった | いたくなかった いたくなかった |
[íꜜtàkùnàkàttà] [ìtáꜜkùnàkàttà] |
Formal | 痛いです | いたいです | [ìtáꜜìdèsù] |
Conjunctive | 痛くて | いたくて いたくて |
[íꜜtàkùtè] [ìtáꜜkùtè] |
Conditional | 痛ければ | いたければ いたければ |
[íꜜtàkèrèbà] [ìtáꜜkèrèbà] |
Adjective
edit痛い • (itai) -i (adverbial 痛く (itaku))
- painful
- 頭が痛い。
- Atama ga itai.
- I have a headache.
- お腹が痛い。
- Onaka ga itai.
- My stomach hurts.
- 痛っ!
- Ita'!
- Ow!
- 頭が痛い。
- イタい: (slang) cringy; embarrassing
- (Can we date this quote?), いたる, “#31 アオバ、妹いるってよ”, in キモオタ、アイドルやるってよ[2]:
- (obsolete) wonderful, pleasant
Usage notes
editThe desiderative suffix たい (tai) is ultimately derived from this word. The sense of “wonderful” may have influenced this development.
The shift in meaning towards only meaning “painful” is similar to the changes of the word すばらしい (subarashii, “terrible→wonderful”) or of English terrific, sick, and wicked, and contrary to awful.
Inflection
editInflection of 痛い
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 痛かろ | いたかろ | itakaro |
Continuative (連用形) | 痛く | いたく | itaku |
Terminal (終止形) | 痛い | いたい | itai |
Attributive (連体形) | 痛い | いたい | itai |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 痛けれ | いたけれ | itakere |
Imperative (命令形) | 痛かれ | いたかれ | itakare |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 痛くない | いたくない | itaku nai |
Informal past | 痛かった | いたかった | itakatta |
Informal negative past | 痛くなかった | いたくなかった | itaku nakatta |
Formal | 痛いです | いたいです | itai desu |
Formal negative | 痛くないです | いたくないです | itaku nai desu |
Formal past | 痛かったです | いたかったです | itakatta desu |
Formal negative past | 痛くなかったです | いたくなかったです | itaku nakatta desu |
Conjunctive | 痛くて | いたくて | itakute |
Conditional | 痛ければ | いたければ | itakereba |
Provisional | 痛かったら | いたかったら | itakattara |
Volitional | 痛かろう | いたかろう | itakarō |
Adverbial | 痛く | いたく | itaku |
Degree | 痛さ | いたさ | itasa |
Synonyms
editDerived terms
edit- 片腹痛い (kataharaitai): ridiculous, absurd
- 手痛い (teitai): severe (situation)
- 痛い痛い病 (itai itai byō): itai-itai disease (lit. ouch-ouch-disease)
- 痛車 (itasha): a vehicle decorated with images of fictional anime, manga, or game characters
- 痛チャリ (itachari): a bicycle decorated with images of fictional anime, manga, or game characters
- 痛電 (itaden): a train car decorated with images of fictional anime, manga, or game characters
- 痛単車 (itansha): a motorcycle decorated with images of fictional anime, manga, or game characters
- 痛部屋 (itabeya): a room decorated with images of fictional anime, manga, or game characters
References
edit- ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke, Stephen Wright Horn, et al. (eds.) (2023) “Old Japanese ita-”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[1]
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 痛 read as いた
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese slang
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses