योग

See also: युग

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yoga).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /joːɡ/
(Yoga) (Delhi) IPA^(key): /joː.ɡɑː/, [joː.ɡäː], /joː.ɡᵊ/
Rhymes: -oːɡ

Noun

योग • (yog) m (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism)

yoga (discipline aiming to train the consciousness)
मैं प्रतिदिन प्रातः योग करता हूँ।
ma͠i pratidin prātaḥ yog kartā hū̃.
I do yoga every morning.

अमृत योग ― amŕt yog ― "Immortal Yoga"; kind of yoga
- Manish Verma (2017) योग से जीवन को स्वस्थ बनाएं [yog se jīvan ko svasth banāẽ]
  भारतीय दर्शन में योग एक अति महत्वपूर्ण शब्द है।
  bhārtīya darśan mẽ yog ek ati mahatvapūrṇ śabd hai.
  In the Indian context, yoga is a very important word.
1. meditation
  Synonym: ध्यान (dhyān)
2. oneness with Brahma; enlightenment
use, utilization
Synonyms: उपयोग (upyog), प्रयोग (prayog), इस्तेमाल (istemāl)
1. benefit
  Synonym: लाभ (lābh)
combination, mixture
Synonyms: जोड़ (joṛ), मेल (mel), संयोग (sãyog), मिलन (milan)
(mathematics) total, sum
४ और ३ का योग ७ है। ― 4 aur 3 kā yog 7 hai. ― 4 + 3 = 7

Synonym: जोड़ (joṛ)
method, way, path
ज्ञान योग ― jñān yog ― path to knowledge; concept in Advaita Vedanta school of Hinduism
contribution, help
(astrology) auspicious occasion

Declension

Declension of योग (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	योग yog	योग yog
oblique	योग yog	योगों yogõ
vocative	योग yog	योगो yogo

Derived terms

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

যোগ (Assamese script)
ᬬᭀᬕ (Balinese script)
যোগ (Bengali script)
𑰧𑰺𑰐 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀬𑁄𑀕 (Brahmi script)
ယောဂ (Burmese script)
યોગ (Gujarati script)
ਯੋਗ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌯𑍋𑌗 (Grantha script)
ꦪꦺꦴꦒ (Javanese script)
𑂨𑂷𑂏 (Kaithi script)
ಯೋಗ (Kannada script)
យោគ (Khmer script)
ໂຍຄ (Lao script)
യോഗ (Malayalam script)
ᠶᠣᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘧𑘻𑘐 (Modi script)
ᠶ᠋ᠣᠸᠠᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧇𑧜𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
𑐫𑑀𑐐 (Newa script)
ଯୋଗ (Odia script)
ꢫꣂꢔ (Saurashtra script)
𑆪𑆾𑆓 (Sharada script)
𑖧𑖺𑖐 (Siddham script)
යොග (Sinhalese script)
𑩻𑩕𑩞 (Soyombo script)
𑚣𑚴𑚌 (Takri script)
யோக³ (Tamil script)
యోగ (Telugu script)
โยค (Thai script)
ཡོ་ག (Tibetan script)
𑒨𑒼𑒑 (Tirhuta script)
𑨪𑨆𑨍 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwgas, from Proto-Indo-European *yówgos, from *yewg- (“to yoke, harness, join”). Compare the verbal root युनक्ति (yunákti, “to yoke”), युग (yugá) (< *yugóm), योगस् (yógas) (< *yéwgos). Cognate with English yoke.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɐ́w.ɡɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈjoː.ɡɐ/

Noun

योग • (yóga) stem, m

Yoga, a group of mental and physical practises
the act of yoking, joining, attaching, harnessing, putting to (of horses)
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.39.12:
  आ तेन॑ यातं॒ मन॑सो॒ जवी॑यसा॒ रथं॒ यं वा॑मृ॒भव॑श्च॒क्रुर॑श्विना।
  यस्य॒ योगे॑ दुहि॒ता जाय॑ते दि॒व उ॒भे अह॑नी सु॒दिने॑ वि॒वस्व॑तः॥
  ā́ téna yātaṃ mánaso jávīyasā ráthaṃ yáṃ vāmṛbhávaścakrúraśvinā.
  yásya yóge duhitā́ jā́yate divá ubhé áhanī sudíne vivásvataḥ.
  Come on that chariot which the Rbhus made for you, the chariot Aśvins, that is speedier than thought, at harnessing whereof heaven's daughter springs to birth and from Vivasvat come auspicious night and day.
yoke, team, vehicle, conveyance
employment, use, application, performance
equipping or arraying (of an army)
fixing (of an arrow on the bow-string)
putting on (of armour)
remedy, cure
means, expedient, device, way, manner, method
supernatural means, charm, incantation, magical art
trick, stratagem, fraud, deceit (compare yoga-nanda)
undertaking, business, work
acquisition, gain, profit, wealth, property
occasion, opportunity
any junction, union, combination, contact with (+instrumental with or without सह (sahá), or compound)
योगम् (yogam) एति (eti) — to agree, consent, acquiesce in anything
mixing of various materials, mixture
partaking of, possessing (instrumental or compound)
connection, relation (योगात् (yógāt), योगेन (yógena) and योगतस् (yógatas) at the end of a compound: in consequence of, on account of, by reason of, according to, through)
putting together, arrangement, disposition, regular succession
fitting together, fitness, propriety, suitability
योगेन (yógena) and योगतस् (yógatas) — suitably, fitly, duly, in the right manner
exertion, endeavour, zeal, diligence, industry, care, attention
योगतस् (yógatas) — strenuously, assiduously

पूर्णेन योगेन (pūrṇena yogena) — with all one's powers, with overflowing zeal
yoga: application or concentration of the thoughts, abstract contemplation, meditation, (especially) self-concentration, abstract meditation and mental abstraction practised as a system
any simple act or rite conducive to yoga or abstract meditation
Yoga personified (as the son of Dharma and Kriya)
a follower of the yoga system
(in samkhya) the union of soul with matter (one of the 10 मूलिकअर्था (mūlikaarthā)s or radical facts)
(with पाशुपत (pāśupata)s) the union of the individual soul with the universal soul
(with पाञ्चरात्र (pāñcarātra)s) devotion, pious seeking after God
(with जैन (jaina)s) contact or mixing with the outer world
(astronomy) conjunction, lucky conjuncture
(astronomy) a constellation, asterism (these, with the moon, are called चान्द्रयोगाः (cāndrayogāḥ) and are 13 in number; without the moon they are called खयोगाः (khayogāḥ), or नाभसयोगाः (nābhasayogāḥ))
(astronomy) the leading or principal star of a lunar asterism
(astronomy) name of a variable division of time (during which the joint motion in longitude of the sun and moon amounts to 13 degrees 20 minutes; there are 27 such yogas beginning with विष्कम्भ (viṣkambha) and ending with वैधृति (vaidhṛti))
(arithmetic) addition, sum, total
(grammar) the connection of words together, syntactical dependence of a word, construction (at the end of a compound = dependent on, ruled by)
(grammar) a combined or concentrated grammatical rule or aphorism
the connection of a word with its root, original or etymological meaning (as opposed to रूढि (rūḍhi))
violator of confidence, spy
name of a scholiast or commentator on the परमार्थसार (paramārthasāra)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of योग (yóga)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	योगः yógaḥ	योगौ / योगा¹ yógau / yógā¹	योगाः / योगासः¹ yógāḥ / yógāsaḥ¹
Vocative	योग yóga	योगौ / योगा¹ yógau / yógā¹	योगाः / योगासः¹ yógāḥ / yógāsaḥ¹
Accusative	योगम् yógam	योगौ / योगा¹ yógau / yógā¹	योगान् yógān
Instrumental	योगेन yógena	योगाभ्याम् yógābhyām	योगैः / योगेभिः¹ yógaiḥ / yógebhiḥ¹
Dative	योगाय yógāya	योगाभ्याम् yógābhyām	योगेभ्यः yógebhyaḥ
Ablative	योगात् yógāt	योगाभ्याम् yógābhyām	योगेभ्यः yógebhyaḥ
Genitive	योगस्य yógasya	योगयोः yógayoḥ	योगानाम् yógānām
Locative	योगे yóge	योगयोः yógayoḥ	योगेषु yógeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

हठयोग (haṭhayoga)
योगदर्शन (yogadarśana)

Descendants

→ Assamese: যো (zü)
→ English: yoga
→ Old Javanese: yoga, yuga (see there for further descendants)
→ Hindi: योग (yog)
→ Odia: ଯୋଗ (joga)
→ Tamil: யோகம் (yōkam) (learned)
→ Telugu: యోగము (yōgamu) (learned)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “योग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 856/2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 417