تم

See also: بم, ثم, يم, and نم

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ت م م (t m m)
7 terms

Cognate with Hebrew תם (tám).

Pronunciation

• Verb: IPA^(key): /tam.ma/

Verb

تَمَّ • (tamma) I (non-past يَتِمُّ (yatimmu), verbal noun تَمّ (tamm) or تِمّ (timm) or تُمّ (tumm) or تَمَام (tamām) or تِمَام (timām) or تُمَام (tumām) or تَمَامَة (tamāma) or تِمَامَة (timāma))

1. to be fulfilled, to be completed
2. (proscribed) to come about, to happen, to take place
3. to persist [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘in something’]
4. to continue [with عَلَى (ʕalā) ‘something/doing something’]

Usage notes

• Particularly in newspaper and media style, تَمَّ (tamma) is often used with a verbal noun as its subject to express the English passive:

تَمَّ ٱعْتِقالُ عَدَدٍ مِنَ ٱلْعَناصِرِ ٱلْإرْهابِيَّةِ فِي ٱلْقاهِرَةِ لَيْلَةَ ٱلْأَمْسِ.

tamma ʕtiqālu ʕadadin mina l-ʕanāṣiri l-ʔirhābiyyati fī l-qāhirati laylata l-ʔamsi.

A number of terrorist militants were arrested in Cairo last night.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of تَمَّ (I, geminate, a ~ i, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns تَمّ, تِمّ, تُمّ, تَمَام, تِمَام, تُمَام, تَمَامَة, تِمَامَة)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَمّ, تِمّ, تُمّ, تَمَام, تِمَام, تُمَام, تَمَامَة, تِمَامَة tamm, timm, tumm, tamām, timām, tumām, tamāma, timāma
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						تَامّ tāmm
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَتْمُوم matmūm
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَمَمْتُ tamamtu	تَمَمْتَ tamamta	تَمَّ tamma		تَمَمْتُمَا tamamtumā	تَمَّا tammā		تَمَمْنَا tamamnā	تَمَمْتُمْ tamamtum	تَمُّوا tammū
	f		تَمَمْتِ tamamti	تَمَّتْ tammat			تَمَّتَا tammatā			تَمَمْتُنَّ tamamtunna	تَمَمْنَ tamamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَتِمُّ ʔatimmu	تَتِمُّ tatimmu	يَتِمُّ yatimmu		تَتِمَّانِ tatimmāni	يَتِمَّانِ yatimmāni		نَتِمُّ natimmu	تَتِمُّونَ tatimmūna	يَتِمُّونَ yatimmūna
	f		تَتِمِّينَ tatimmīna	تَتِمُّ tatimmu			تَتِمَّانِ tatimmāni			تَتْمِمْنَ tatmimna	يَتْمِمْنَ yatmimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَتِمَّ ʔatimma	تَتِمَّ tatimma	يَتِمَّ yatimma		تَتِمَّا tatimmā	يَتِمَّا yatimmā		نَتِمَّ natimma	تَتِمُّوا tatimmū	يَتِمُّوا yatimmū
	f		تَتِمِّي tatimmī	تَتِمَّ tatimma			تَتِمَّا tatimmā			تَتْمِمْنَ tatmimna	يَتْمِمْنَ yatmimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَتِمَّ, أَتِمِّ, أَتْمِمْ ʔatimma, ʔatimmi, ʔatmim	تَتِمَّ, تَتِمِّ, تَتْمِمْ tatimma, tatimmi, tatmim	يَتِمَّ, يَتِمِّ, يَتْمِمْ yatimma, yatimmi, yatmim		تَتِمَّا tatimmā	يَتِمَّا yatimmā		نَتِمَّ, نَتِمِّ, نَتْمِمْ natimma, natimmi, natmim	تَتِمُّوا tatimmū	يَتِمُّوا yatimmū
	f		تَتِمِّي tatimmī	تَتِمَّ, تَتِمِّ, تَتْمِمْ tatimma, tatimmi, tatmim			تَتِمَّا tatimmā			تَتْمِمْنَ tatmimna	يَتْمِمْنَ yatmimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		تِمَّ, تِمِّ, اِتْمِمْ timma, timmi, itmim			تِمَّا timmā				تِمُّوا timmū
	f		تِمِّي timmī							اِتْمِمْنَ itmimna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	تُمَّ tumma		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُتَمُّ yutammu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُتَمَّ yutamma		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُتَمَّ, يُتَمِّ, يُتْمَمْ yutamma, yutammi, yutmam		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

Noun

تَمّ or تِمّ or تُمّ • (tamm or timm or tumm) m

1. verbal noun of تَمَّ (tamma) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun تَمّ (tamm)‎; تِمّ (timm)‎; تُمّ (tumm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَمّ‎; تِمّ‎; تُمّ tamm‎; timm‎; tumm	التَّمّ‎; التِّمّ‎; التُّمّ at-tamm‎; at-timm‎; at-tumm	تَمّ‎; تِمّ‎; تُمّ tamm‎; timm‎; tumm
Nominative	تَمٌّ‎; تِمٌّ‎; تُمٌّ tammun‎; timmun‎; tummun	التَّمُّ‎; التِّمُّ‎; التُّمُّ at-tammu‎; at-timmu‎; at-tummu	تَمُّ‎; تِمُّ‎; تُمُّ tammu‎; timmu‎; tummu
Accusative	تَمًّا‎; تِمًّا‎; تُمًّا tamman‎; timman‎; tumman	التَّمَّ‎; التِّمَّ‎; التُّمَّ at-tamma‎; at-timma‎; at-tumma	تَمَّ‎; تِمَّ‎; تُمَّ tamma‎; timma‎; tumma
Genitive	تَمٍّ‎; تِمٍّ‎; تُمٍّ tammin‎; timmin‎; tummin	التَّمِّ‎; التِّمِّ‎; التُّمِّ at-tammi‎; at-timmi‎; at-tummi	تَمِّ‎; تِمِّ‎; تُمِّ tammi‎; timmi‎; tummi

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

تَمّ • (tamm) m

1. swan (Cygnus gen. et spp.)

   Synonym: إِوَزٌّ عِرَاقِيّ (ʔiwazzun ʕirāqiyy)

Declension

Declension of noun تَمّ (tamm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَمّ tamm	التَّمّ at-tamm	تَمّ tamm
Nominative	تَمٌّ tammun	التَّمُّ at-tammu	تَمُّ tammu
Accusative	تَمًّا tamman	التَّمَّ at-tamma	تَمَّ tamma
Genitive	تَمٍّ tammin	التَّمِّ at-tammi	تَمِّ tammi

References

• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “تم”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[1] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 206
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “تم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 315
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “تم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 117
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “تم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[3], London: W.H. Allen, page 187

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic ثَمَّ (ṯamma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tamm/

Adverb

تم • (tamm)

1. Alternative form of تمة (tamma): there

Persian

Etymology 1

Middle Persian [script needed] (tom, tam, “dark”), from Proto-Iranian *támHah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *támHas, from Proto-Indo-European *témHos (“darkness”), from *temH- (“dark”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [tam]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäm]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäm]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäm]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäm]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰæm]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰäm]

Readings
Classical reading?	tam
Dari reading?	tam
Iranian reading?	tam
Tajik reading?	tam

Noun

تَم • (tam)

1. (archaic) darkness, blackness
2. a disease in the eye, the web or cataract on the pupil
3. any veil or covering

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French thème.

Pronunciation

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰem]

Readings
Iranian reading?	tem

Noun

تِم • (tem)

1. theme

South Levantine Arabic

Picture dictionary

تم

جمجمة

مخ

عين

شفة

منخار

تم

دقن

فك

دان

صدغ

رقبة

Click on labels in the image

جسم

جسم

Etymology

From Arabic فَم (fam) through فُمّ (fumm) and then dissimilated ثُمّ (ṯumm).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tumm/, [tʊm]
• IPA^(key): /temm/, [tɪm]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

تم • (tumm, temm) m (plural تمام (tmām))

1. mouth

Urdu

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa तुम्हि (tumhi), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀢𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (tumhe), from Sanskrit युष्मान् (yuṣmān, acc. pl.) adopting the initial sounds of त्वम् (tvám, nom. sg.).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t̪ʊm/

Pronoun

تُم • (tum) (Hindi spelling तुम)

1. (semiformal, familiar) second-person subjective or objective personal pronoun, grammatically plural: you, ye; Early Modern English ye.

   کیا تم مجھ سے محبت کرتی ہو؟ ― kyā tum mujh-se mohabbat kartī ho? ― Do you love me?

   تم جیسے لوگوں کی ہی ضرورت ہے یہاں۔

   tum jaise logõ kī hī zarūrat hai yahā̃.

   People like you are needed here.

Usage notes

• تم is the mid level formal way of expressing "you" in Urdu and is used when addressing those of equal social status or those one has a close enough relationship with to justify the reduced formality. Because the less formal forms could offend others, آپ (āp) is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
• Because تم is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term تم لوگ (literally: you people) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to.

Determiner

تُم • (tum) (Hindi spelling तुम)

1. The individual or group spoken or written to; you, ye, Early Modern English ye.

   تم احمق کوئی کام کے نہیں ہو۔

   tum ahmaq ko'ī kām ke nahī̃ ho.

   You idiots are of no use.

Declension

declension of تم

direct	تم (tum)
indirect	تم (tum)
ergative	تم نے (tum-ne)
genitive	تمھارا (tumhārā)
dative	تمھیں (tumhẽ), تم کو (tum ko)

See also

• آپ (āp) - formal, polite, grammatically plural
• تُو (tū) - informal, intimate, contemptuous or possibly vulgar, grammatically singular

Urdu personal pronouns
Person	Description		Direct case	Indirect case	Ergative case	Dative/Accusative case
1st person	singular		مَیں (ma͠i)	مُجھ (mujh)	مَیں نے (ma͠i ne)	مُجھ کو (mujh ko), مُجھے (mujhe)
	formal (rare)		خَاکْسَار (xāksār)		خَاکْسَار نے (xāksār ne)	خَاکْسَار کو (xāksār ko)
	plural		ہَم (ham)		ہَم نے (ham ne)	ہَم کو (ham ko), ہَمیں (hamẽ)
2nd person	informal (intimate)		تُو (tū)	تُجھ (tujh)	تُو نے (tū ne)	تُجھ کو (tujh ko), تُجھے (tujhe)
	semiformal (familiar)		تُم (tum)		تُم نے (tum ne)	تُم کو (tum ko), تُمْہیں (tumhẽ)
	formal (polite)		آپ (āp)		آپ نے (āp ne)	آپ کو (āp ko)
3rd person	proximal	singular / informal	یِہ (ye)	اِس (is)	اِس نے (is ne)	اِس کو (is ko), اِسے (ise)
		plural / formal		اِن (in)	اِنْہوں نے (inhõ ne)	اِن کو (in ko), اِنْہیں (inhẽ)
	distal	singular / informal	وُہ (vo)	اُس (us)	اُس نے (us ne)	اُس کو (us ko), اُسے (use)
		plural / formal		اُن (un)	اُنْہوں نے (unhõ ne)	اُن کو (un ko), اُنْہیں (unhẽ)