κυβερνάω
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editBeekes attributes it to a Mediterranean substrate, probably Pre-Greek. Neumann sees it as a denominal verb from κύρβεις (kúrbeis, “turnable wooden cylinders”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷerb- (“to turn”), via a variant κύρβνα (kúrbna) formed with the tool morpheme -να- (-na-) (compare Sanskrit नयति (náyati, “to lead, guide, govern”)), whence through metathesis the verbal stem κυβερνα- (kuberna-). Compare Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”) and English whirl.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ky.ber.ná.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ky.berˈna.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /cy.βerˈna.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /cy.verˈna.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ci.verˈna.o/
Verb
editκῠβερνᾰ́ω • (kubernáō)
Inflection
edit Present: κῠβερνᾰ́ω, κῠβερνᾰ́ομαι (Uncontracted)
Imperfect: ἐκῠβέρνᾰον, ἐκῠβερνᾰόμην (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκῠβέρνᾰον | ἐκῠβέρνᾰες | ἐκῠβέρνᾰε(ν) | ἐκῠβερνᾰ́ετον | ἐκῠβερνᾰέτην | ἐκῠβερνᾰ́ομεν | ἐκῠβερνᾰ́ετε | ἐκῠβέρνᾰον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκῠβερνᾰόμην | ἐκῠβερνᾰ́ου | ἐκῠβερνᾰ́ετο | ἐκῠβερνᾰ́εσθον | ἐκῠβερνᾰέσθην | ἐκῠβερνᾰόμεθᾰ | ἐκῠβερνᾰ́εσθε | ἐκῠβερνᾰ́οντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐκῠβέρνων | ἐκῠβέρνᾱς | ἐκῠβέρνᾱ | ἐκῠβερνᾶτον | ἐκῠβερνᾱ́την | ἐκῠβερνῶμεν | ἐκῠβερνᾶτε | ἐκῠβέρνων | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐκῠβερνώμην | ἐκῠβερνῶ | ἐκῠβερνᾶτο | ἐκῠβερνᾶσθον | ἐκῠβερνᾱ́σθην | ἐκῠβερνώμεθᾰ | ἐκῠβερνᾶσθε | ἐκῠβερνῶντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: κῠβερνήσω, κῠβερνήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | κῠβερνήσω | κῠβερνήσεις | κῠβερνήσει | κῠβερνήσετον | κῠβερνήσετον | κῠβερνήσομεν | κῠβερνήσετε | κῠβερνήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | κῠβερνήσοιμῐ | κῠβερνήσοις | κῠβερνήσοι | κῠβερνήσοιτον | κῠβερνησοίτην | κῠβερνήσοιμεν | κῠβερνήσοιτε | κῠβερνήσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | κῠβερνήσομαι | κῠβερνήσῃ, κῠβερνήσει |
κῠβερνήσεται | κῠβερνήσεσθον | κῠβερνήσεσθον | κῠβερνησόμεθᾰ | κῠβερνήσεσθε | κῠβερνήσονται | ||||
optative | κῠβερνησοίμην | κῠβερνήσοιο | κῠβερνήσοιτο | κῠβερνήσοισθον | κῠβερνησοίσθην | κῠβερνησοίμεθᾰ | κῠβερνήσοισθε | κῠβερνήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | ||||||||||||
infinitive | κῠβερνήσειν | κῠβερνήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | κῠβερνήσων | κῠβερνησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | κῠβερνήσουσᾰ | κῠβερνησομένη | |||||||||||
n | κῠβερνῆσον | κῠβερνησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Aorist: ἐκῠβέρνησᾰ, ἐκῠβερνησᾰ́μην
Derived terms
edit- ἀκῠβέρνητος (akubérnētos)
- διακῠβερνάω (diakubernáō)
- κῠβερνήσια (kubernḗsia)
- κῠβέρνησις (kubérnēsis)
- κῠβερνητέον (kubernētéon)
- κῠβερνήτης (kubernḗtēs)
- κῠβερνητικός (kubernētikós)
- Κῠβερνῐ́σκος (Kubernískos)
- προκῠβερνάω (prokubernáō)
- ὑποκῠβερνάω (hupokubernáō)
Descendants
editFurther reading
edit- “κυβερνάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κυβερνάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κυβερνάω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κυβερνάω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- κυβερνάω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “κυβερνάω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Hubert Cancik, Helmuth Schneider, Christine F. Salazar. Brill's New Pauly. K-Lyc, p. 31.
- Günter Neumann (1987). "Griechisch κυβερνάω". In: Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung 100, issue 1, pp. 64–69.
Greek
editVerb
editκυβερνάω • (kyvernáo) / κυβερνώ (past κυβέρνησα, passive κυβερνιέμαι, p‑past κυβερνήθηκα, ppp κυβερνημένος)
Conjugation
edit- see this verb's full conjugation at: κυβερνώ (kyvernó)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from substrate languages
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 4-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek informal terms
- Greek verbs conjugating like 'αναγεννώ'