γωνία

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From a derivative of γόνυ (gónu, “knee”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu (“id”). The long ω (ō) is from the regular Doric development of an unattested *γονϝ-ία (*gonw-ía), as the paradigm of *ǵónu shows no lengthened grade (thus precluding a derivation from such an ablaut), while most mathematicians in Greek antiquity (who were most likely responsible for the word's formation) were Pythagorean (and thus wrote in Doric).

Noun

γωνία • (gōnía) f

1. (geometry) corner, angle
2. joiner's square
3. cornerstone

Declension

First declension of ἡ γωνίᾱ; τῆς γωνίᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ γωνίᾱ hē gōníā	τὼ γωνίᾱ tṑ gōníā	αἱ γωνίαι hai gōníai
Genitive	τῆς γωνίᾱς tês gōníās	τοῖν γωνίαιν toîn gōníain	τῶν γωνιῶν tôn gōniôn
Dative	τῇ γωνίᾳ têi gōníāi	τοῖν γωνίαιν toîn gōníain	ταῖς γωνίαις taîs gōníais
Accusative	τὴν γωνίᾱν tḕn gōníān	τὼ γωνίᾱ tṑ gōníā	τᾱ̀ς γωνίᾱς tā̀s gōníās
Vocative	γωνίᾱ gōníā	γωνίᾱ gōníā	γωνίαι gōníai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἄγωνος (ágōnos)
• ἀπειρόγωνος (apeirógōnos)
• ἀντιγώνιος (antigṓnios)
• γώνιος (gṓnios)
• διαγώνιος (diagṓnios)
• ἐγγώνιος (engṓnios)
• ἑξάγωνος (hexágōnos)
• εἰκοσάγωνος (eikoságōnos)
• ἑκκαιδεκάγωνος (hekkaidekágōnos)
• ἑνδεκάγωνος (hendekágōnos)
• ἐννεάγωνος (enneágōnos)
• ἐπιγώνιος (epigṓnios)
• ἑπτάγωνος (heptágōnos)
• εὐγώνιος (eugṓnios)
• ἡμιτετράγωνος (hēmitetrágōnos)
• ἡμιτρίγωνος (hēmitrígōnos)
• κοιλογώνιος (koilogṓnios)
• ἰσοτετράγωνος (isotetrágōnos)
• ὀκτάγωνος (oktágōnos)
• ὁσάγωνος (hoságōnos)
• ὀξυγώνιος (oxugṓnios)
• παραγώνιος (paragṓnios)
• πεντάγωνος (pentágōnos)
• πολύγωνος (polúgōnos)
• τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάγωνος (tessareskaidekágōnos)
• τετράγωνος (tetrágōnos)
• τρεισκαιδεκάγωνος (treiskaidekágōnos)
• τρίγωνος (trígōnos)
• φιλογώνιος (philogṓnios)
• χιλιάγωνος (khiliágōnos)

Descendants

• Greek: γωνία (gonía)
• → Persian: گونیا (guniyâ) (or via Syriac)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: گونیه (günye, gönye)
    • Turkish: gönye
    • → Azerbaijani: günya
    • → Romanian: ghiunie
    • → Serbo-Croatian:

      Cyrillic script: ђу̀нија

      Latin script: đùnija

• → Classical Syriac: ܓܘܢܝܐ (gōnyā)

Further reading

• “γωνία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “γωνία”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• γωνία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• γωνία in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• G1137 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • angle idem, page 29.
  • corner idem, page 174.
  • square idem, page 807.

Greek

Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γωνία (gōnía).

Noun

γωνία • (gonía) f (plural γωνίες)

1. (geometry) angle
2. corner
3. viewpoint

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	γωνία (gonía)	γωνίες (goníes)
genitive	γωνίας (gonías)	γωνιών (gonión)
accusative	γωνία (gonía)	γωνίες (goníes)
vocative	γωνία (gonía)	γωνίες (goníes)

Coordinate terms

Angle descriptors

• αμβλεία f (amvleía, “obtuse”)
• ανάκλασης f (anáklasis, “reflex”)
• ευθύς f (efthýs, “straight”)
• οξεία f (oxeía, “acute”)
• ορθός f (orthós, “right”)
• περιγώνια f (perigónia, “perigon”)

 

Related terms

• see: αγκωνή f (agkoní, “corner”)

Descendants

• Ottoman Turkish: گونیه (günye)

Further reading

• γωνία on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el