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Welsh Canadians

Welsh Canadians are Canadian citizens of Welsh descent or Wales-born people who reside in Canada.

Welsh Canadians
Canadiaid Cymreig (Welsh)
Canadiens gallois (French)
Wales Canada
Population distribution of Welsh Canadians by census division, 2021 census
Total population
474,805
(by ancestry, 2016 Census)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Ontario, Western Canada, Atlantic Canada
Languages
Welsh, English, French
Religion
Christianity
Related ethnic groups
Welsh, Welsh Americans, Welsh Argentines, Cornish Canadians, Breton Canadians

According to the 2011 Census, 458,705 Canadians claimed full or partial Welsh descent.[2] This increased to 474,805 in the 2016 Census[3]

Categorically, Welsh Canadians comprise a subgroup of British Canadians which is a further subgroup of European Canadians.[a]

History

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Welsh Canadian
Population History
YearPop.±%
197174,415—    
198146,620−37.4%
1986150,285+222.4%
1991197,855+31.7%
1996338,905+71.3%
2001350,365+3.4%
2006440,960+25.9%
2011458,705+4.0%
2016474,805+3.5%
Source: Statistics Canada
[7]: 20 [8]: 20 [9]: 240 [10]: 45 [11]: 60 [12][13][6][5][4]
Note1: 1981 Canadian census did not include multiple ethnic origin responses, thus population is an undercount.
Note2: 1996-present census populations are undercounts, due to the creation of the "Canadian" ethnic origin category.

Welsh mapmaker David Thompson was one of the great explorers of the North West Company in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and is often called "Canada's Greatest Geographer". He covered 130,000 kilometres on foot and surveyed most of the Canada–United States border in the early days of exploration.[citation needed]

One of the first efforts to encourage Welsh emigration to Canada began in 1812, when Welsh native John Mathews endeavoured to bring his family to Canada. Mathews left home at a young age and went on to become a successful businessman in the United States. When he returned to Wales, he found his family living in poverty and became convinced they should emigrate to Canada. In 1817 his family settled in the township of Southwald, near what is now London, Ontario. By 1812 he had brought over more relatives who built homes on the 100-acre (0.40 km2) lots granted to them by Colonel Thomas Talbot. The colony attracted 385 Welsh settlers by 1850 and retained its predominantly Welsh character until the late 1870s.[citation needed]

Early Welsh immigration to Canada was also spurred on by the Cariboo Gold Rush in British Columbia in 1858. The development of underground mining provided employment for many Welsh coal miners who decided to remain in the area.[citation needed]

In 1902, Welsh immigrants arrived from Patagonia, which had been incorporated into Argentina in 1881. Compulsory military service and a series of floods that ruined Welsh farmers' crops led to some emigrants resettling at Llewelyn near Bangor, Saskatchewan, where they once again took up farming. A community of Welsh farmers was also established at Wood River near Ponoka, Alberta.

Welsh in Alberta

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Historically, Alberta has had the highest number of people of Welsh descent as a proportion to population. In the 2016 Census, there are 80,455 people identifying as being of Welsh descent, which is around 2% of the total population of Alberta.[14]

Culture

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Welsh festivals in Canada today include Eisteddfodau, and Gymanfa Ganu. The Welsh in Canada celebrate St. David's Day, March 1st, the celebrations include storytelling and singing; banquets are also held in Lethbridge, Ponoka, Calgary, Red Deer, Edmonton, Regina, Saskatchewan, and Fort McMurray. In Eastern Canada, the Central New Brunswick Welsh Society celebrates St. David's Day by hoisting the Welsh flag on March 1 at both the Provincial Legislature and City Hall in Fredericton, followed by a dinner for members and guests.

A newsletter serves the Welsh communities in Calgary and Lethbridge, while in Edmonton the St. David's Society issues a bulletin twice a year informing its members about upcoming events. Some Welsh Canadians subscribe to Ninnau, the Welsh national newspaper published in New York.

Welsh-Canadians have been active in the country's cultural life, supplying Canada with some of its more lively characters including novelist Robertson Davies, Powys Thomas, co-founder of the national theatre school, and Robert Harris, painter of the Fathers of Confederation.

Demographics

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Welsh Canadians by Canadian province or territory (2016)

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Province Population Percentage Source
  Ontario 198,470 1.5% [15]
  British Columbia 113,905 2.5% [16]
  Alberta 80,455 2.0% [17]
  Manitoba 17,760 1.4% [18]
  Nova Scotia 17,135 1.9% [19]
  Saskatchewan 17,785 1.7% [20]
  Quebec 10,765 0.1% [21]
  New Brunswick 10,110 1.4% [22]
  Newfoundland and Labrador 4,375 0.9% [23]
  Prince Edward Island 2,415 1.7% [24]
  Yukon 905 2.6% [25]
  Northwest Territories 560 1.4% [26]
  Nunavut 160 0.5% [27]
  Canada 474,805 1.4% [28]

Welsh language

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In Alberta, there are Welsh language seminars in person and online.[citation needed]

Notable People

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Statistics Canada. "Census Profile, 2016 Census, Canada - Ethnic Origin". Retrieved August 31, 2019.
  2. ^ Population by selected ethnic origins, by province and territory (2006 Census): Statistics Canada. Retrieved August 10, 2008.
  3. ^ Census Profile, 2016 Census, Canada - Ethnic Origin: Statistics Canada. Retrieved August 31, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (June 17, 2019). "Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  5. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (January 23, 2019). "Ethnic Origin (264), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  6. ^ a b Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (May 1, 2020). "Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  7. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (April 3, 2013). "1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I - part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I - partie 3. Introduction to volume I (part 3)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  8. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (April 3, 2013). "1981 Census of Canada : volume 1 - national series : population = Recensement du Canada de 1981 : volume 1 - série nationale : population. Ethnic origin". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  9. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (April 3, 2013). "Census Canada 1986 Profile of ethnic groups". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  10. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (April 3, 2013). "1986 Census of Canada: Ethnic Diversity In Canada". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  11. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (April 3, 2013). "1991 Census: The nation. Ethnic origin". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  12. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (June 4, 2019). "Data tables, 1996 Census Population by Ethnic Origin (188) and Sex (3), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  13. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (December 23, 2013). "Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  14. ^ [Census Profile, 2016 Census Alberta - Ethnic Origin]
  15. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Ontario, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. October 25, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  16. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), British Columbia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. October 25, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  17. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Alberta, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. October 25, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  18. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Manitoba, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. October 25, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  19. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nova Scotia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. October 25, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  20. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Saskatchewan, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. October 25, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  21. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Quebec, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. October 25, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  22. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), New Brunswick, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. October 25, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  23. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Newfoundland and Labrador, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. October 25, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  24. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Prince Edward Island, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. October 25, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  25. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Yukon, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. October 25, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  26. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Northwest Territories, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. October 25, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  27. ^ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nunavut, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. October 25, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  28. ^ "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables". statcan.gc.ca. October 25, 2017.
  1. ^ Statistics Canada demi-decadal censuses officially use the name "British Isles Origins" for the various nationalities and ethnicities that are in the region. See 2016,[4] 2011,[5] or 2006[6] censuses as examples
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