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Greater St. Louis

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Greater St. Louis is the 21st-largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the United States,[3][4] the largest in Missouri, and the second-largest in Illinois. Its core city—St. Louis, Missouri—sits in the geographic center of the metro area, on the west bank of the Mississippi River. The river bisects the metro area geographically between Illinois and Missouri, although the latter portion is much more populous. The MSA includes St. Louis County, which is independent of the City of St. Louis; their two populations are generally tabulated separately.

Greater St. Louis
Metropolitan Statistical Area
St. Louis, MO–IL Metropolitan Statistical Area
A NASA image of the Greater St. Louis area at night in December 2013
A NASA image of the Greater St. Louis area at night in December 2013
Map
Interactive Map of St. Louis–St. Charles–
Farmington, MO–IL CSA
Country United States
State Missouri
Illinois
Largest city St. Louis
Other cities
 - O'Fallon, MO
 - St. Charles, MO
 - St. Peters, MO
 - Florissant, MO
 - Chesterfield, MO
 - Belleville, IL
 - Granite City, IL
 - Edwardsville, IL
 - Alton, IL
 - East St. Louis, IL
Area
 • Total
8,458 sq mi (21,910 km2)
 • Land8,261 sq mi (21,400 km2)
 • Water197 sq mi (510 km2)  2.3%
Elevation
466–1,280 ft (142–390 m)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Metro density339.8/sq mi (131.2/km2)
 • MSA
2,805,473 (20th)
 • CSA
2,909,003 (20th)
 MSA/CSA = 2020
GDP
[2]
 • MSA$209.9 billion (2022)
Time zoneUTC−6 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Area code(s)217, 314, 447, 557, 573, 618, 636, 730

The St. Louis, MO-IL metropolitan statistical area (MSA) includes the City of St. Louis; the Illinois counties of Bond, Calhoun, Clinton, Jersey, Macoupin, Madison, Monroe, and St. Clair (known collectively as the Metro East); and the Missouri counties of Crawford (only the City of Sullivan),[5] Franklin, Jefferson, Lincoln, St. Charles, St. Louis (separate from and not inclusive of the city of St. Louis), and Warren.[6][7]

The larger St. Louis–St. Charles–Farmington, MO–IL combined statistical area (CSA) includes all of the aforementioned MSA, plus the Farmington, MO micropolitan statistical area, which includes St. Francois County, Missouri, and the Centralia, IL micropolitan statistical area, which includes Marion County, Illinois.

In 2020, the St. Louis MSA was the 21st-largest in the nation with a population of 2,820,253. The larger CSA is ranked 20th largest in the United States, with a population of 2,909,003.[8] It fell out of the country's top 20 largest MSAs in 2017 for the first time since 1840.[9][10][11]

As of 2021, Greater St. Louis is home to the headquarters of ten of Missouri's eleven Fortune 500 companies,[12] six Fortune 1,000 companies, and two of the top 30 largest private companies in America, as ranked by Forbes.[12] The metropolitan area received the All-America City Award in 2008.

History

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See also: History of St. Louis

The Illini Confederacy once dominated what is today the St. Louis area. During the 17th century, the population of indigenous peoples in the area was well over tens of thousands, including 20,000 in the Grand Village of Illinois. Indigenous peoples in the area built earthwork mounds on both sides of the Mississippi River, with the Cahokia Mounds as the regional center. St. Louis would later receive the nickname of "Mound City".

Pierre Laclede Liguest and his 13-year-old grandson, Auguste Chouteau, selected St. Louis as the site for a French fur trading post in 1764 because it was a rarely flooded area at the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. In 1770, ownership of St. Louis was transferred to Spain, and then returned to France during a secret treaty (Treaty of San Ildefonso).

The area became part of the United States in the 1803 Louisiana Purchase, and steadily grew thereafter. It was the starting point for Lewis and Clark. St. Louis was incorporated as a city in 1823. Between 1840 and 1860, the population exploded, particularly because of the arrival of German and Irish immigrants. St. Louis's current boundaries were established in 1876. After the American Civil War, St. Louis continued to grow into a major manufacturing center due to its access to rail and water transportation. By the 1890s, St. Louis was the 4th-largest city in the United States.

In 1904, St. Louis hosted the world's fair in Forest Park and the Olympics at Washington University's Francis Field. More than 20 million people visited the city during the fair's seven-month long run. St. Louis was seen as a city of industrialization with ties to the automobile industry. The Great Migration between World War I and World War II brought thousands of African Americans to the city, boosting St. Louis's population to 800,000 by 1940. The population peaked in 1950 at 856,000. There was no more room for expansion within city boundaries and earlier immigrant generations started moving to suburbs that could not be annexed.

During the mid-1960s, construction began on the Gateway Arch and Busch Stadium, in part to help revitalize the central business district. A 30-year downtown building boom followed. Today, there is a continued population decline although revitalization efforts are under way.[13]

Political divisions in Greater St. Louis

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The population of political divisions in Greater St. Louis (2020)
State Major division Population
Illinois Bond 16,630
Illinois Calhoun 4,802
Illinois Clinton 37,639
Illinois Jersey 21,847
Illinois Macoupin 45,313
Illinois Madison 264,461
Illinois Monroe 34,335
Illinois St. Clair 261,059
Missouri Crawford 23,056
Missouri Franklin 104,682
Missouri Jefferson 226,739
Missouri Lincoln 59,574
Missouri St. Charles 405,262
Missouri St. Louis City 301,578
Missouri St. Louis County 1,004,125
Missouri Warren 35,532
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
183014,125—
184035,979154.7%
1850104,978191.8%
1860190,52481.5%
1870351,18984.3%
1880382,4068.9%
1890554,64845.0%
1900801,13144.4%
19101,003,85825.3%
19201,139,87713.5%
19301,359,51219.3%
19401,432,0885.3%
19501,681,28117.4%
19602,262,62434.6%
19702,535,72512.1%
19802,503,549−1.3%
19902,580,8973.1%
20002,698,6874.6%
20102,787,7013.3%
20202,820,2531.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[14]
1790–1960[15] 1900–1990[16]
1990–2000[17] 2010–2014[18]

Missouri

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Illinois

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As noted above, the Greater St. Louis area includes two municipalities named O'Fallon (in St. Charles County, Missouri and St. Clair County, Illinois), two municipalities named Troy (in Lincoln County, Missouri and Madison County, Illinois), and two municipalities named Chesterfield (in St. Louis County, Missouri and Macoupin County, Illinois).

Greater St. Louis contains several separately-chartered, county-level governmental units that exist independently of the hierarchical municipality-county-state structure. These span multiple counties, and even cross state lines. Generally, their jurisdiction is focused on providing specific services that otherwise would be inadequately funded or inefficiently provided. They include the Bi-State Development Agency, the Great Rivers Greenway District, the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District, the Metropolitan Zoological Park and Museum District, and the Special School District of St. Louis County. The East-West Gateway Council of Governments is the federally-designated metropolitan planning organization for the region's transportation infrastructure.

The nearby Hannibal–Quincy micropolitan area and Springfield, Illinois metropolitan area are technically not located within the metropolitan area, but are regionally associated due to their proximity and accessibility to Greater St. Louis.[21]

Demographics

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According to the 2010 United States Census, in Greater St. Louis there were 2,787,701 people living in 1,143,001 households, of which 748,892 households were families.

Race

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In 2010, 98.2% of the population of Greater St. Louis considered themselves of one race, while 1.8% considered themselves of two or more races. Of those of one race, 76.9% (2,214,298) were white, 18% (519,221) were African American, 2.1% (60,316) were Asian American, and 1.1% (32,542) were American Indian, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander American, or some other race. 2.5% (72,797) were Hispanic or Latino Americans of any race.

Religion

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Religion in the St. Louis metropolitan area (2014)[22]

  Protestantism (47%)
  Roman Catholicism (25%)
  Mormonism (2%)
  Other Christian (1%)
  No religion (21%)
  Judaism (1%)
  Islam (1%)
  Hinduism (1%)
  Other religion (1%)

According to a Pew Research study conducted in 2014, 75% of St. Louis metro area residents identify with Christianity and its various denominations, and 4% are adherents of non-Christian religions. 21% have no religion. Of those, about 3% specifically identify as atheists, about 3% identify as agnostics, and about 16% identify as "Nothing in particular".[22]

The religious demographics of the St. Louis metro area are as follows:[22]

Age and gender

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As of 2010, the median age for Greater St. Louis is 38.2, and 47.4% of the population was male while 52.6% was female.

Income and housing statistics

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As of 2010, Greater St. Louis included 1,264,680 housing units, of which 90.4% (1,143,001) were occupied. Of those units that were vacant, 3.2% (40,553) of units were for rent, 1.6% (19,956) were for sale, 1% (12,575) were unoccupied seasonal homes, and .5% (6,771) were sold or rented but unoccupied. 3.3% (41,884) of units were vacant and not for sale or rent. Of the occupied housing units, 70.6% (807,431) were owner-occupied with 2,075,622 occupants. 29.4% (335,570) of units were rented with 739,749 occupants.[23]

In 2010, the median income for a household in the St. Louis metro was $50,900.[25]

Transportation

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Main article: Transportation in St. Louis

Transportation in Greater St. Louis includes road, rail, and air transportation modes connecting the communities in the area with national and international transportation networks. Parts of Greater St. Louis also support a public transportation network that includes bus, as well as the MetroLink light rail which began operating in 1993. The principal airport serving the region is St. Louis Lambert International Airport, located in St. Louis County. It also includes MidAmerica St. Louis Airport.

Education

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Main articles: Education in Greater St. Louis and Education in St. Louis
 
Brookings Hall, the administrative building for Washington University in St. Louis

Education in Greater St. Louis is provided by 132 public school districts,[26][27] independent private schools, parochial schools, and several public library systems. Greater St. Louis also is home to more than 30[quantify] colleges and universities.

Parks

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Main articles: Parks in Greater St. Louis and Parks in St. Louis

Parks in Greater St. Louis are administered by a variety of state, county, and municipal authorities, and the region also includes the state of Missouri's only National Park, Gateway Arch National Park. Several Missouri state parks in the region and parks owned by St. Louis County are larger than 1,000 acres, while one park in the city of St. Louis, Forest Park, also exceeds 1,000 acres.

Economy

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Main article: Economy of St. Louis

The 2014 Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP) of St. Louis was $145.958 billion,[28] that makes St. Louis the 21st highest GMP in the United States. The three largest categories of employment in Greater St. Louis are trade, transportation, and utilities with 249,000 workers, education and healthcare services with 225,000 workers, and professional and business services with 185,000 workers.[29] Greater St. Louis has more than 1.3 million non-farm workers, representing roughly 15 percent of the non-farm workforce of Missouri and Illinois combined. As of May 2011, 125,000 non-farm workers were unemployed in Greater St. Louis, with an unemployment rate of 8.6 percent. As of the third quarter of 2010, the Greater St. Louis region had more than 73,000 companies or establishments paying wages, while average weekly wages for that period were $833, slightly lower than the U.S. national average of $870.

The largest industry by business conducted was wholesaling with $71 billion, followed by manufacturing with $67 billion, retail trade with $36 billion, and healthcare with $16 billion. The area's largest employer by sector was healthcare with 174,000 workers, followed by retail trade with 152,000 workers and manufacturing with 134,000 workers.[30] Using available data, the combined value of business conducted in the combined statistical area was $213 billion in 2007.[30] With a gross metropolitan product of $112 billion in 2009, St. Louis' economy makes up 40% of the Gross State Product of Missouri.[31]

Companies and major employers

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As of 2021, Greater St. Louis is home to eight of Missouri's ten Fortune 500 companies: Centene (#24), Emerson Electric (#181), Reinsurance Group of America (#207), Edward Jones (#295), Graybar (#399), Ameren (#469), Olin Corporation (#472), and Post Holdings (#474).[32] In addition, the area is home to six Fortune 1,000 companies: Stifel (#633), Peabody Energy (#772), Energizer Holdings (#775), Caleres (#935), Belden (#964), Spire (#999). As well as two of the Top 50 Largest Private Companies in America, as ranked by Forbes: Enterprise Holdings (#9) and World Wide Technology (#20).[12]

Other notable corporations from the area include Wells Fargo Advisors (formerly A.G. Edwards), Energizer Holdings, and Ralcorp. Significant healthcare and biotechnology institutions with operations in St. Louis include Pfizer, the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, the Solae Company, Sigma-Aldrich, and Multidata Systems International.

Although it was purchased by Belgium-based InBev, Anheuser-Busch continues its presence in the city, as does Mallinckrodt Incorporated in spite of its purchase by Tyco International. General Motors continues to produce cars in the St. Louis area, although Chrysler closed its production facility in the region, which was located in Fenton, Missouri. Despite its purchase by Nestlé, Ralston Purina remained headquartered in St. Louis as a wholly owned subsidiary.[33] St. Louis is also home to Boeing Phantom Works (formerly McDonnell-Douglas).[34] In addition, the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in downtown is one of two federal reserve banks in Missouri.[35]

St. Louis County in particular is home to several area companies. Monsanto Company, formerly a chemical company and now a leader in genetically modified crops, is headquartered in Creve Coeur.[36] Express Scripts, a pharmaceutical benefits management firm, has its corporate headquarters in the suburbs of St. Louis, near the campus of the University of Missouri–St. Louis.[citation needed] Energizer Holdings, the battery company, is headquartered in Town and Country.[37] Enterprise Rent-A-Car's headquarters are located in Clayton.[38] Charter Communications was formerly headquartered in Town and Country, until the executive team moved to Stamford, Connecticut; however, Charter has continued to grow in St. Louis and has upwards of 4,000 employees in the region as of mid-2018.[39] Emerson Electric's headquarters are located in Ferguson.[40] Boeing Integrated Defense Systems is headquartered in Berkeley.[41][42] Edward Jones Investments is headquartered in Des Peres.[43][44] From 1994 until its acquisition in 2000 by Tyco International, another chemical company, Mallinckrodt, was headquartered in St. Louis County. Many of the former Mallinckrodt facilities are still in operation by Tyco in the St. Louis suburb of Hazelwood, Missouri.[citation needed] Others are SSM Health Care, Mercy Hospital, and the Tenet Healthcare Corporation chain.

Companies headquartered in Greater St. Louis

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Sports

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The Greater St. Louis area is currently home to four professional sports teams: the St. Louis Blues (NHL) who won the Stanley Cup in 2019, and the St. Louis Cardinals (MLB), who have won 19 National League Pennants, and 11 World Series Championships, the St. Louis BattleHawks (UFL) and the St. Louis City SC (MLS).[45]

Club Sport First season League Venue
St. Louis Cardinals Baseball 1882 Major League Baseball Busch Stadium
St. Louis Blues Ice hockey 1967 National Hockey League Enterprise Center
St. Louis City SC Soccer 2023 Major League Soccer Energizer Park
St. Louis BattleHawks American football 2020 United Football League The Dome at America's Center

See also

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References

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  2. ^ "Total Gross Domestic Product for St. Louis, MO-IL (MSA)". fred.stlouisfed.org. Archived from the original on October 9, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
  3. ^ "2020 Census Urban Areas of the United States and Puerto Rico" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  4. ^ "Federal Register /Vol. 75, No. 123/Monday, June 28, 2010/Notices" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  5. ^ OMB BULLETIN NO. 15-01 https://www.bls.gov/bls/omb-bulletin-15-01-revised-delineations-of-metropolitan-statistical-areas.pdf Archived October 18, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ "Delineation Files". www.census.gov. Archived from the original on December 29, 2018. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
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  23. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau (2010).
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  30. ^ a b 2007 Economic Census.
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  41. ^ "Berkeley city, Missouri." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on June 8, 2009.
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  43. ^ Thimangu, Patrick L. "Des Peres, Mo.-Based Edward Jones Brokerage Looks to Europe for Expansion." St. Louis Post-Dispatch. November 27, 2002. Retrieved on August 19, 2009.
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