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Refugio County, Texas

Refugio County (/rɪˈfjʊər.i.oʊ/ rih-FURE-ee-oh)[1] is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 6,741.[2] Its county seat is Refugio.[3] The county originated as a municipality of Mexico in 1834 and was classified as a county in 1837.[4][5]

Refugio County
County
The Refugio County Courthouse in Refugio
The Refugio County Courthouse in Refugio
Map of Texas highlighting Refugio County
Location within the U.S. state of Texas
Map of the United States highlighting Texas
Texas's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 28°19′N 97°10′W / 28.32°N 97.17°W / 28.32; -97.17
Country United States
State Texas
Founded1837
Named forRefugio
SeatRefugio
Largest townRefugio
Area
 • Total
818 sq mi (2,120 km2)
 • Land770 sq mi (2,000 km2)
 • Water48 sq mi (120 km2)  5.8%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
6,741
 • Density8.2/sq mi (3.2/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district27th
Websitewww.co.refugio.tx.us

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 818 square miles (2,120 km2), of which 48 sq mi (120 km2) (5.8%) are covered by water.[6]

Major highways

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Adjacent counties

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National protected area

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1850288—
18601,600455.6%
18702,32445.3%
18801,585−31.8%
18901,239−21.8%
19001,64132.4%
19102,81471.5%
19204,05043.9%
19307,69189.9%
194010,38335.0%
195010,113−2.6%
196010,9758.5%
19709,494−13.5%
19809,289−2.2%
19907,976−14.1%
20007,828−1.9%
20107,383−5.7%
20206,741−8.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[7]
1850–2010[8] 2010–2014[9]

2020 census

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Refugio County, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[10] Pop 2010[11] Pop 2020[12] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 3,703 3,337 2,864 47.30% 45.20% 42.49%
Black or African American alone (NH) 521 445 400 6.66% 6.03% 5.93%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 27 25 18 0.34% 0.34% 0.27%
Asian alone (NH) 20 27 27 0.26% 0.37% 0.40%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 3 0 0 0.04% 0.00% 0.00%
Other race alone (NH) 11 9 12 0.14% 0.12% 0.18%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 53 53 114 0.68% 0.72% 1.69%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 3,490 3,487 3,306 44.58% 47.23% 49.04%
Total 7,828 7,383 6,741 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 6,741 people, 2,566 households, and 1,730 families residing in the county.

As of the census[13] of 2000, 7,828 people, 2,985 households, and 2,176 families resided in the county. The population density was 10 people/sq mi (3.9 people/km2). The 3,669 housing units averaged 5 units per square mile (1.9 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 80.22% White, 6.77% African American, 0.56% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 10.47% from other races, and 1.67% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were about 48.6% of the population.

 
Refugio County Medical Center (2014)

Of the 2,985 households, 31.60% had children under 18 living with them, 55.10% were married couples living together, 12.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.10% were not families. About 24.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.50% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.59, and the average family size was 3.07.

In the county, the population was distributed as 26.10% under 18, 7.40% from 18 to 24, 25.90% from 25 to 44, 24.00% from 45 to 64, and 16.60% who were 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.80 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 92.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,986, and for a family was $36,162. Males had a median income of $29,667 versus $16,565 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,481. About 14.30% of families and 17.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.20% of those under age 18 and 16.30% of those age 65 or over.

Oil and gas

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Commercial gas was first discovered near the town of Refugio in 1920.[14] Oil was first discovered near Refugio in 1928.[14] The Refugio oil and gas field had produced 32 million barrels and 271 billion cubic feet of gas by the end of 1937.[15] A major oil field was discovered at Greta in 1933.[14] The Greta oilfield's estimated cumulative recovery at abandonment are 152.5 million barrels of oil.[16] The largest oilfield in Refugio county, the Tom O'Connor oil field, was discovered in 1934.[17] The Tom O'Connor field's estimated cumulative oil recovery at abandonment is 802.8 million barrels of oil[16] and over 1 trillion cubic feet of gas.[17] Other notable oil and gas fields in Refugio county, at least partially, include Anaqua, Bonnie View, Fagan, Huff, La Rosa, Mary Ellen O'Connor, and McFaddin oil and gas fields.[18]

The Quintana Tom O'Connor No. 1-A discovery well's location was based on a gravity survey and a trend of other fields in the southwest and northeast between the Vicksburg Fault Zone and the Frio Fault Zone.[17] The field is a structural trap formed by an anticline on the downthrown side of the Vicksburg Fault Zone.[19] The faulting is due to "large-scale gravity slumping",[19] and these types of faults are referred to as growth faults, which are normal faults that occur simultaneously with sedimentation.[20] Most of the oil and half the gas is produced at depths between 4500 and 6000 feet, from 15 oil reservoirs and 4 gas reservoirs in the Oligocene Frio Formation sandstones deposited during Marine regression, notably the "5900-foot sand", the "5800-foot sand", the "5500-foot sand" and the "5200-foot sand".[21] Gas with some oil is found above these sandstones in the Oligocene Anahuac Formation, deposited in a Marine transgression, notably the "4400-foot Greta sand".[22] Dry gas is found in the Miocene-Pliocene Fleming sandstones deposited during marine regression, notably the "L-4 sand, which is overlain by 1400 feet of Pleistocene Lissie sandstones.[23]

The last major oil field discovered in Refugio county was the Lake Pasture oil field, discovered in 1953, with an estimated cumulative recovery at abandonment of 104 million barrels of oil.[16]

Healthcare

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Medical care is provided to the citizens of Refugio County through a county hospital, several rural health clinics, a wellness clinic, and a specialty clinic. Refugio County Medical Center opened in 1940 due to a surge in the population, and underwent expansions in 1962 and 2009. The hospital was run by religious orders until the 1970s, when Refugio County assumed operations. A hospital district was established in 1977.[24][25]

Communities

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Cities

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Towns

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Census-designated place

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Ghost towns

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Notable residents

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Nicholas Fagan - early Refugio county pioneer and active participant in the Texas revolution

James Power - impresario and early settler of Refugio county

Thomas O'Connor - active participant in the Texas revolution and later largest land and cattle owner in the state of Texas

Politics

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United States presidential election results for Refugio County, Texas[26]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2020 2,210 65.66% 1,108 32.92% 48 1.43%
2016 1,830 62.08% 1,034 35.07% 84 2.85%
2012 1,663 62.12% 998 37.28% 16 0.60%
2008 1,855 56.88% 1,382 42.38% 24 0.74%
2004 2,212 64.02% 1,232 35.66% 11 0.32%
2000 1,721 58.92% 1,172 40.12% 28 0.96%
1996 1,376 42.35% 1,635 50.32% 238 7.33%
1992 1,469 39.36% 1,531 41.02% 732 19.61%
1988 1,883 50.56% 1,831 49.17% 10 0.27%
1984 2,421 60.71% 1,559 39.09% 8 0.20%
1980 1,944 45.73% 2,224 52.32% 83 1.95%
1976 1,537 40.82% 2,218 58.91% 10 0.27%
1972 1,937 64.57% 1,060 35.33% 3 0.10%
1968 1,114 33.77% 1,699 51.50% 486 14.73%
1964 772 24.98% 2,319 75.02% 0 0.00%
1960 1,062 37.37% 1,777 62.53% 3 0.11%
1956 1,355 53.10% 1,188 46.55% 9 0.35%
1952 1,427 50.39% 1,401 49.47% 4 0.14%
1948 489 22.24% 1,637 74.44% 73 3.32%
1944 376 25.61% 991 67.51% 101 6.88%
1940 458 23.46% 1,487 76.18% 7 0.36%
1936 242 18.54% 1,058 81.07% 5 0.38%
1932 172 12.34% 1,201 86.15% 21 1.51%
1928 383 36.34% 671 63.66% 0 0.00%
1924 256 27.41% 585 62.63% 93 9.96%
1920 360 55.81% 227 35.19% 58 8.99%
1916 232 33.33% 408 58.62% 56 8.05%
1912 115 29.04% 204 51.52% 77 19.44%

Voting results, shown in table, show that Refugio county has become a Republican party stronghold in the 21st century. Prior to the 21st century, Refugio county was primarily a Democratic party stronghold with some exceptions.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "A Comprehensive List of How Texans Mispronounce Places with Spanish Names". November 28, 2017.
  2. ^ "QuickFacts: Refugio County, Texas". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  3. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  4. ^ "Texas: Individual County Chronologies". Texas Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2008. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
  5. ^ "Refugio County". Texas Almanac. Texas State Historical Association. May 22, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
  6. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
  7. ^ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". US Census Bureau.
  8. ^ "Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010" (PDF). Texas Almanac. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved May 9, 2015.
  9. ^ "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
  10. ^ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Refugio County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  11. ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Refugio County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  12. ^ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Refugio County, Texas". United States Census Bureau.
  13. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  14. ^ a b c A. E. Getzendaner (2) (1934). "McFaddin-O'Conner, Greta, Fox, Refugio, White Point, and Saxet Fields, Texas". AAPG Bulletin. 18. doi:10.1306/3D932C26-16B1-11D7-8645000102C1865D. ISSN 0149-1423.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Phil F. Martyn (2) (1938). "Refugio Oil and Gas Field, Refugio County, Texas". AAPG Bulletin. 22. doi:10.1306/3D932FDE-16B1-11D7-8645000102C1865D. ISSN 0149-1423.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ a b c Schmoker, J. W. (1999). "The contribution of giant fields to United States oil production and reserves". Open-File Report (Report). U.S. Geological Survey. doi:10.3133/ofr99131.
  17. ^ a b c Mills, H.G., 1970, Geology of Tom O'Connor Field, Refugio County, Texas, in Geology of Giant Petroleum Oil Fields, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, pp. 292 and 299
  18. ^ gis.rrc.texas.gov https://gis.rrc.texas.gov/gisviewer/. Retrieved November 15, 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  19. ^ a b Mills, H.G., 1970, Geology of Tom O'Connor Field, Refugio County, Texas, in Geology of Giant Petroleum Oil Fields, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, p. 292
  20. ^ Bates, Robert (1984). Dictionary of Geological Terms. New York: Anchor Books. p. 571. ISBN 0385181019.
  21. ^ Mills, H.G., 1970, Geology of Tom O'Connor Field, Refugio County, Texas, in Geology of Giant Petroleum Oil Fields, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, pp. 292-293 and 295-296
  22. ^ Mills, H.G., 1970, Geology of Tom O'Connor Field, Refugio County, Texas, in Geology of Giant Petroleum Oil Fields, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, pp. 292 and 294 and 296
  23. ^ Mills, H.G., 1970, Geology of Tom O'Connor Field, Refugio County, Texas, in Geology of Giant Petroleum Oil Fields, Halbouty, M.T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, pp. 295-296
  24. ^ "About Us". Refugio County Memorial Hospital. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
  25. ^ "About Us | Refugio County Memorial Hospital".
  26. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
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28°19′N 97°10′W / 28.32°N 97.17°W / 28.32; -97.17

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