The premier of Victoria is the head of government of the state of Victoria in Australia. The premier leads the Cabinet of Victoria and selects its ministers. The premier is appointed by the governor of Victoria, must be a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, and command confidence in the lower house of the Parliament of Victoria. The premier is usually the leader of the political party that holds a majority of lower house members.
| Premier of Victoria | |
|---|---|
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| Department of Premier and Cabinet | |
| Style |
|
| Status | Head of government |
| Member of | |
| Reports to | Parliament |
| Seat | 1 Treasury Place, Melbourne |
| Appointer | Governor of Victoria |
| Term length | At the governor's pleasure by convention, based on appointee's ability to command confidence in the Legislative Assembly |
| Constituting instrument | None (constitutional convention) |
| Formation | 28 November 1855 |
| First holder | William Haines |
| Deputy | Deputy premier of Victoria |
| Salary | A$481,190[1] |
| Website | www.premier.vic.gov.au |
Each premier since 1933, apart from short-serving Premier Ian Macfarlan, has had a portrait commissioned for the Victorian Parliament's portrait collection. The tradition was initiated by Legislative Council President Fred Grimwade. Premiers who have served for over 3,000 days have a statue created in their honor. As of 2024, six premiers have achieved this milestone and four have their statues near the premier's office at 1 Treasury Place.
The longest-serving premier is Henry Bolte of the Liberal Party, who served for over 17 years. The shortest-serving premier is George Elmslie, first premier from the Labor Party, who served for 13 days. The current premier is Jacinta Allan of the Labor Party, who assumed the office on 27 September 2023 following the resignation of Daniel Andrews.
History
editBefore federation
editThe first meeting of the Legislative Council was on 11 November 1851, at St Patrick's Hall, Bourke Street West, with its primary focus the drafting of a constitution, for the Parliament of the United Kingdom's approval, to separate the Port Phillip District from New South Wales. Responsible government was established in 1855, when the constitution was passed by the British Parliament and received royal assent. This allowed Victoria to become its own colony, named after the reigning monarch, Queen Victoria. Governor Charles Hotham appointed William Haines to be Victoria's first premier on 28 November 1855, with the first election, provided for by the Electoral Act 1856, organised the following year.[2][3]
Victoria's first election saw Haines re-appointed as premier, and the election also marked the beginning of Victoria's bicameral system. The first sitting of parliament was on 25 November 1856, taking place in Parliament House, Melbourne.[3]
Initially, formal political parties did not exist. Every member of parliament (MP) was an independent, making it difficult for an MP to command the confidence of the Legislative Assembly. Between 1855 and 1863, there were seven changes of government, and eleven instances where Governor Henry Barkly was unable to find neither an MP who would be willing to serve as premier, nor an MP who could form a ministry.[4]
Post federation
editFrom Australia's federation in 1901 until the 1950s, Victorian political history was marked by instability, with 24 changes in government during that time.[5] Henry Bolte, then leader of the Liberal Party, won the 1955 election, and went on to serve as premier for 17 years and 83 days becoming the longest serving premier to date. Following Bolte, two more Liberal Party leaders, Rupert Hamer and Lindsay Thompson, would serve as premier, before the Labor Party won government in 1982 with John Cain, whose father had also served as Premier. Cain resigned from the office of premier in 1990[6] and was succeeded by Joan Kirner, Victoria's first female premier.[7] Between 2014 and 2023, Daniel Andrews served as premier, winning three elections before resigning in favour of current premier, Jacinta Allan.[8]
Appointment and succession
editA premier must hold a seat in the Legislative Assembly and have the support of a majority of lower house members. This is usually the leader of the political party or coalition with the majority of lower house seats.[9] In the event of a minority government, where the government does not hold a majority of seats, the government is formed by a party and the support of crossbenchers, usually through commitments of confidence and supply to the party they wish to form government.[10]
Following a premier's resignation or an election loss, the governor of Victoria appoints a new premier by swearing them in.[11] If a government loses an election, the existing premier and ministers continue on a caretaker basis by convention until a new government is appointed, ensuring Victoria always has a government.[11] An outgoing premier will typically advise the governor to request they call on the Leader of the Opposition to form a government and to tender their and their ministers' resignation. The governor then accepts the resignations and appoints a new government.[11] When a premier loses an election, the Leader of the Opposition must assure the governor that they have majority support in the Legislative Assembly. The governor then commissions them to form a government, and the new premier and parliamentarians nominated as ministers are then sworn in as Ministers of the Crown.[11] Elections are held every four years, on the last Saturday of November, with the next election set for 28 November 2026.[12] There are no term limits imposed on a premier.[13]
Powers and role
editThe role of the premier includes leading parliament, serving as the Chief Minister and Chair of Cabinet, choosing ministers and assigning portfolios, handling portfolio responsibilities, and communicating between the Victorian Government, the Governor and Cabinet, other state and territory governments, the Commonwealth Government, and overseas governments.[9]
The premier represents Victoria as a member of the National Cabinet. The National Cabinet was established on 13 March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and replaced the Council of Australian Governments of which the premier was a member.[14][15][16]
Amenities of office
edit
Salary
editAs of 1 July 2023, the premier is paid a total salary of A$481,190. This is made up of the basic salary received by all members of parliament ($198,839), an additional salary for the role of premier ($221,871), and an expense allowance of $60,480. Changes to the premier's salary are determined by the Victorian Independent Remuneration Tribunal.[1][17]
Portrait
editEach premier since 1933, apart from Ian Macfarlan, who served for only 51 days, has had a portrait commissioned for the Victorian Parliament's portrait collection. The tradition was initiated by Legislative Council President Fred Grimwade. Deceased premiers have their portraits painted from images and living former premiers have their portrait painted in person.[18]
Statue
editPremiers who hold the office for 3,000 days (8 years and 88 days) have a statue made in their likeness as a commemoration of their legacy. Six premiers, Daniel Andrews, Henry Bolte, John Cain Jr, Albert Dunstan, Rupert Hamer, and James McCulloch have done so, but four have had their statues completed.[19] Daniel Andrews' statue is pending completion and James McCulloch, despite serving for over 3,000 days, did not get a statue. Historians Paul Strangio and Brian J. Costar have suggested that this is likely due to McCulloch serving his terms before federation and/or non-consecutively.[20] The statues, sculpted in bronze by Peter Corlett, were installed in September 1999 after premier Jeff Kennett instituted the policy. The statues are located near the premier's office at 1 Treasury Place.[21]
Retirement
editOnce retired, former premiers get an office in the Old Treasury Building, Melbourne.[22]
Lists relating to the premiers of Victoria
editThe longest-serving premier was Henry Bolte, who served from 7 June 1955 to 23 August 1972 for a total of 17 years and 77 days. He was a member of the Liberal Party. The shortest-serving premier was George Elmslie, who served from 9 December 1913 to 22 December 1913, for a total of 13 days in office. He was also the first premier from the Labor Party.[23]
Lists of people who have been premier:
References
edit- ^ a b McCann, Warren; Acton, Jennifer; Gardner, Laurinda (20 June 2023). Members of Parliament (Victoria) Determination No. 01/2023 (PDF). Victorian Independent Remuneration Tribunal. pp. 5, 8. ISBN 978-1-925789-93-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
- ^ "Electoral Act 1856 (Vic)". Museum of Australian Democracy. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ a b Costar & Strangio 2006, p. 4.
- ^ Costar & Strangio 2006, p. 13.
- ^ Costar & Strangio 2006, p. ix-x.
- ^ "John Cain". Members of Parliament. Parliament of Victoria. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
- ^ "Fact Sheet I1: Victoria's Parliamentary History". Parliament of Victoria. 25 February 2019. Archived from the original on 9 March 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ Evans, Duncan (27 September 2023). "Jacinta Allan elected 49th premier of Victoria". news.com.au. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ a b "The Premier". Victorian Government. 2 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is by the State Government of Victoria available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
- ^ Snowden, Angelica (25 November 2022). "How minority governments work". The Australian. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Governor's role". Governor of Victoria. 22 September 2023. Archived from the original on 10 March 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2023. This article incorporates text from this source, which is by the Governor of Victoria available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
- ^ "State elections". Victorian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 12 August 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ^ "Fact Sheet H1: Roles in the Assembly". Parliament of Victoria. 25 February 2019. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ First interim report (Report). The Senate - Select Committee on COVID-19. December 2020. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-76093-173-5. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 28 May 2024 – via Parliament of Australia.
- ^ Hitch, Georgia (29 May 2020). "Scott Morrison says National Cabinet here to stay, will replace COAG meetings in wake of coronavirus". ABC News. Archived from the original on 31 May 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ Council of Australian Governments. "About the Council of Australian Governments". Council of Australian Governments. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
- ^ Eddie, Rachel (1 July 2024). "Victorian politicians get 3.5 per cent pay rise". The Age. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
- ^ "History of the Premiers Portraits". Parliament of Victoria. 11 August 2022. Archived from the original on 10 May 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ Kolovos, Benita (18 February 2023). "A bronze North Face jacket? Daniel Andrews sized up for statue after 3,000 days as premier". Guardian Australia. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ^ Costar & Strangio 2006, p. 2.
- ^ Costar & Strangio 2006, p. 1.
- ^ Donnelly, Stephen; Andrews, Dan (8 December 2023). "Ep.220: Haters Hate and the Rest Vote Labor with Dan Andrews". Socially Democratic (Podcast). Dunn Street. 6:21 minutes in. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
- ^ Toy, Mitchell (21 April 2022). "How Victoria's first Labor premier lasted just 13 days". Herald Sun. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
Sources
edit- Costar, Brian J; Strangio, Paul (2006). The Victorian Premiers, 1856–2006. Federation Press. ISBN 1-86287-601-0. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
