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Josh Frydenberg

Joshua Anthony Frydenberg (/ˈfraɪdənˌbɜːrɡ/) (born 17 July 1971) is an Australian former politician who served as the treasurer of Australia and deputy leader of the Liberal Party from 2018 to 2022. He also served as a member of parliament (MP) for the division of Kooyong from 2010 to 2022.

The Honourable
Josh Frydenberg
Frydenberg in 2019
Treasurer of Australia
In office
24 August 2018 – 23 May 2022
Serving with Scott Morrison (2021–2022)
Prime MinisterScott Morrison
Preceded byScott Morrison
Succeeded byJim Chalmers
Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party
In office
24 August 2018 (2018-08-24) – 30 May 2022
LeaderScott Morrison
Preceded byJulie Bishop
Succeeded bySussan Ley
Minister for the Environment and Energy
In office
19 July 2016 (2016-07-19) – 24 August 2018 (2018-08-24)
Prime MinisterMalcolm Turnbull
Preceded byGreg Hunt
Succeeded byMelissa Price (Environment)
Angus Taylor (Energy)
Minister for Resources and Energy
In office
21 September 2015 – 19 July 2016
Prime MinisterMalcolm Turnbull
Preceded byGary Gray
Succeeded byMatt Canavan
Assistant Treasurer of Australia
In office
23 December 2014 – 21 September 2015
Prime MinisterTony Abbott
Malcolm Turnbull
Preceded byArthur Sinodinos
Succeeded byKelly O'Dwyer
Member of the Australian Parliament
for Kooyong
In office
21 August 2010 – 21 May 2022 (2022-05-21)
Preceded byPetro Georgiou
Succeeded byMonique Ryan
Personal details
Born
Joshua Anthony Frydenberg

(1971-07-17) 17 July 1971 (age 53)
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Political partyLiberal
SpouseAmie Saunders
Children2
Alma mater
Profession

After leaving university, Frydenberg served as an adviser to Prime Minister John Howard and Foreign Minister Alexander Downer during the Howard government. He also worked for Deutsche Bank until his election to the Australian House of Representatives at the 2010 federal election. Quickly appointed to the frontbench, he went on to serve in several ministerial roles during the Abbott and Turnbull governments from 2013 to 2018, including as Minister for Resources and Minister for the Environment and Energy. In August 2018, he was elected as deputy leader of the Liberal Party following a leadership spill, which saw Scott Morrison elected as leader and prime minister. Morrison subsequently appointed Frydenberg as Treasurer.

At the 2022 federal election, Frydenberg suffered a significant swing against him, and lost his seat to the teal independent candidate Monique Ryan.[1][2] Frydenberg became the first sitting treasurer to lose his seat since Ted Theodore at the 1931 election. After leaving politics, he became chairman at the Australian arm of investment bank Goldman Sachs.

Early life and education

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Frydenberg was born in Melbourne. His mother, Erika Strausz, is a psychologist and University of Melbourne professor and his father Harry is a general surgeon. His mother was a Jewish Hungarian born in 1943 who arrived in Australia in 1950 as a stateless child from a refugee camp after escaping the Holocaust.[3] His great aunt, Mary Frydenberg, is also a victim of the Holocaust; she spent 2 years at the infamous Auschwitz concentration camp. His father is also Jewish; his grandparents emigrated to Australia from Poland in the 1930s.[4] His grandfather owned a haberdashery store, along with two other Jewish families, with locations in Colac, Camperdown, and Mortlake.[5]

Frydenberg was educated at Jewish schools Bialik College and Mount Scopus Memorial College.[5] Throughout his childhood, Frydenberg was a keen tennis player. He lobbied his parents, unsuccessfully, to drop out of high school to pursue a career in tennis. When they refused, Frydenberg stuck up a handwritten sign on his bedroom, reading, "The pain of discipline is far easier than the pain of regret".[5] After finishing high school, he took a gap year to play tennis full-time in Australia and Europe. Frydenberg played against Mark Philippoussis and Pat Rafter, and represented Australia at two World University Games. He and his father were present at the 1997 Maccabiah bridge collapse.[5][6] A photograph of Frydenberg carrying a man on a stretcher was used in Israeli newspapers.[5]

Frydenberg completed honours degrees in economics and law at Monash University, where he became president of the Law Students Society,[5] before working at Mallesons Stephen Jaques, a large Australian commercial law firm. Frydenberg won both a Fulbright Scholarship to attend Yale University and a Commonwealth Scholarship to attend the University of Oxford. He opted to accept the latter, completing a Master of International Relations at University College, Oxford, with a thesis on Indonesian politics.[6] While deciding between Oxford and Yale, he was introduced to and developed a friendship with Greg Hunt, a Fulbright Scholar and future cabinet colleague, who introduced him to the Liberal Party. Frydenberg was best man at Hunt's wedding, and Hunt was a groomsman at Frydenberg's wedding.[5] When attending Oxford, mutual friend Steven Skala introduced Frydenberg to Sir Zelman Cowen, a former Australian governor-general and Oxford provost at Oriel College. Cowen "became a mentor to Frydenberg and they spent many Sundays together discussing literature, music, philosophy and law".[6]

Frydenberg also earned a Master of Public Administration from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.[7]

Frydenberg was one of seven Liberal MPs in the 46th Parliament of Australia who obtained degrees at an Oxbridge or Ivy League university, the others being Alan Tudge, Angus Taylor, Andrew Laming, Dave Sharma, Greg Hunt and Paul Fletcher.[8]

Early career

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Frydenberg early in his political career

In 1999, Frydenberg worked as an assistant adviser to Attorney-General Daryl Williams before becoming an adviser to Foreign Affairs Minister Alexander Downer, a post he held until 2003. From 2003 to 2005 he was a policy adviser to Prime Minister John Howard, specialising in domestic security issues, border protection, justice and industrial relations. In 2005 he took up a position as a Director of Global Banking with Deutsche Bank in the company's Melbourne office.[9]

2006 preselection attempt

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In 2006, Frydenberg announced that he was seeking Liberal preselection for Kooyong, a safe Liberal seat in Melbourne's eastern suburbs. He was contesting it against the incumbent member, Petro Georgiou, who had held the seat since 1994.

In the days leading to the preselection convention, Queensland frontbenchers Ian Macfarlane, Peter Dutton and Santo Santoro backed Frydenberg's credentials, for which they were criticised by former Victorian Premier Jeff Kennett.[10]

Georgiou won the nomination by gaining 62 of the 85 delegates' votes, with Frydenberg receiving 22 votes and a third candidate, Alastair Armstrong, receiving one vote. After Frydenberg's defeat, federal Treasurer and deputy Liberal leader Peter Costello, who represented the neighbouring seat of Higgins, encouraged Frydenberg to run for pre-selection in Chisholm, a marginal electorate neighbouring Kooyong, held by Anna Burke of the ALP. Frydenberg declined the offer, saying, "This is where I am from, this is where I feel most comfortable and this is where I think there is real work to be done."[11]

After Georgiou announced his decision to retire at the 2010 election, Frydenberg won the preselection vote, defeating industrial lawyer John Pesutto, who later went on to become the leader of the Victorian Liberal Party.[12] Frydenberg's candidacy was supported by references from former Prime Minister John Howard and former Opposition Leader Andrew Peacock.[13]

Member of Parliament

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See also: Abbott government and Turnbull government

Georgiou retired ahead of the 2010 federal election. With the support of former Liberal state president Michael Kroger, Frydenberg won Liberal preselection,[14] and went on to win the seat with 52.56% of the primary vote and 57.55% of the two-party-preferred vote.[15] He was only the fifth person to represent this traditionally safe non-Labor seat in 88 years. He held the seat that was once held by Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister, Robert Menzies.

The first Jewish Liberal elected to the House of Representatives,[16] in his maiden speech, Frydenberg recounted the story of his Jewish grandparents' and great aunt's migration to Australia from Nazi controlled Europe and lauded the contribution of migrants to communities within his electorate. He enunciated his belief in small government, called for stronger ties with Asia while also maintaining a solid alliance with the US and proposed a target of having two Australian universities within the world's top ten by 2030.[17]

Frydenberg is a member of the centre-right faction of the Liberal Party.[18]

Frydenberg has at times been the target of antisemitic attacks, such as defacing his election material with Nazi icons.[19]

Abbott government

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Further information: Abbott government

At the 2013 federal election, Frydenberg was re-elected with the largest swing to the Liberal Party in the seat since 1975. He was sworn in as a Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister on 18 September 2013, with particular responsibility for the government's deregulation agenda. On 23 December 2014, Frydenberg was sworn in as Assistant Treasurer in a ministerial reshuffle and replaced Arthur Sinodinos, who resigned due to delays in an ICAC inquiry.[20][21]

Turnbull government

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Frydenberg in April 2018 with Siti Nurbaya Bakar, Indonesia's Minister of Environment and Forestry

Following the September 2015 Liberal leadership ballot where Malcolm Turnbull became the Prime Minister, Frydenberg was appointed the Minister for Resources, Energy and Northern Australia in the First Turnbull Ministry. In February 2016, the Nationals Matt Canavan took over responsibility for Northern Australia in the rearranged ministry.

In 2015, he declared that he had switched positions regarding same-sex marriage and publicly supported same sex marriage.[22]

With the re-election of the Turnbull government in 2016, Frydenberg became the Minister for the Environment and Energy in the Second Turnbull Ministry.[23]

Parliamentary eligibility

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In the years following the 2016 election, numerous members of parliament were deemed to be ineligible to sit in parliament due to them breaching Section 44 of the Constitution of Australia, which prohibits MPs from having dual citizenship.[24]

In the course of the 2017-18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis, suggestions were raised that Frydenberg might be in breach of Section 44, as his mother and her family had come to Australia as refugees from Hungary and were stateless at the time, but subsequently Hungary conferred citizenship by descent, which may have applied to Frydenberg.[25] Documents from the National Archives show that Frydenberg's grandparents and mother were considered "Hungarian" when they arrived in Australia, but had applied for a certificate of exemption, listing their nationality as "stateless".[26]

Labor Party MPs were split on whether the matter should be investigated: Mark Dreyfus indicated that he would pursue the matter, but other Labor MPs requested that he desist. Ed Husic said that he felt uncomfortable with his party questioning the legal citizenship of stateless Jewish refugees escaping Europe. Mark Butler stated that it was not the party's official position to pursue the matter.[27]

Following the 2019 election, Frydenberg was taken to court over the issue by a constituent, Michael Staindl.[28] In March 2020, the Federal Court ruled that Frydenberg was eligible to sit in parliament.[29] Frydenberg was awarded legal costs of $410,000 against Staindl, of which Staindl paid him $350,000. In July 2022, the Federal Court approved a settlement in which Staindl would make no further statement disparaging Frydenberg or his lawyers and no further payment would be required.[30]

Morrison government

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Further information: Morrison government
 
Frydenberg in April 2019 at a candidates' forum prior to the 2019 federal election

Two leadership spills were carried out by the Liberal Party in August 2018, with the second resulting in Treasurer Scott Morrison replacing Malcolm Turnbull as party leader and prime minister. Julie Bishop did not seek re-election as deputy leader, and in the resulting ballot Frydenberg won a majority in the first round with 46 votes, while Trade Minister Steven Ciobo received 20 and Health Minister Greg Hunt received 16.[31] During Morrison's subsequent press conference, he announced that Frydenberg would replace him as Treasurer.[32]

At the 2019 federal election, he retained his seat of Kooyong with a reduced majority, following a challenge from high-profile Greens candidate Julian Burnside.[33] Perceiving Burnside as a strong contender, the Liberal Party doubled its spending on the campaign in Kooyong, from $500,000 to $1 million.[34] Frydenberg received a primary swing of -8.2% against him, as well as the lowest Liberal vote in Kooyong in 97 years.[35]

In July 2019 a Kooyong resident petitioned the High Court, as Court of Disputed Returns, for a ruling that Frydenberg had been ineligible owing to foreign citizenship, being allegedly a citizen of Hungary.[36] On 23 November 2019 it was reported that Frydenberg had received confirmation from the Hungarian government that no record could be found of Hungarian citizenship of himself or his mother.[37] On 12 December 2019, since factual as well as legal questions remained unresolved, Justice Gordon of the High Court (who was critical of parties' delay) referred the case to the Federal Court.[38] On 17 March 2020, a Full Court of the Federal Court found on the basis of expert evidence that Frydenberg's maternal family had lost their Hungarian citizenship upon leaving Hungary, so that he was not and had never been a Hungarian citizen, and consequently he was not ineligible to be elected to the federal parliament.[39]

 
Frydenberg with volunteers at a polling place in Hawthorn at the 2022 election

In the lead-up to the 2022 election, Frydenberg's marginal seat of Kooyong faced a significant challenge by independent candidate Monique Ryan, who was a part of the "teal independent" movement.[40] At the election on 21 May, Frydenberg lost his seat to Ryan, and he conceded defeat two days later.[41][42] Frydenberg's loss would mark the first time that the seat of Kooyong would not be held by the Liberal Party or its predecessors since its inception in 1901.

Frydenberg reportedly had a close working relationship with Morrison and "often stayed overnight at Kirribilli".[43] He and Morrison both stated Frydenberg also stayed with Morrison at The Lodge instead of elsewhere in his own private accommodation while in Canberra during Parliament.

Treasurer of Australia

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Frydenberg delivered his first federal budget in April 2019.[44]

Life after politics

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In July 2022, Frydenberg joined investment bank Goldman Sachs as a senior regional advisor for the Asia Pacific.[45] In September 2023, Frydenberg was appointed as the chairman of Goldman Sachs’ Australian and New Zealand operations, a move which led Frydenberg to rule himself out of re-contesting Kooyong in 2025.[46][47][48]

After the Australian Electoral Commission announced a draft redistribution for the division of Kooyong, it was widely speculated in the media that Frydenberg would attempt to become the candidate, with several members of the federal Liberal party announcing their support for his candidacy. As the Liberal party had already preselected Amelia Hamer as the candidate for Kooyong, preselection would have to begin again for Frydenberg to become the candidate. Frydenberg issued a statement in response stating he did not intend to stand at the next election.[49]

In May 2024, Frydenberg examined the rise of antisemitism in a Sky News Australia documentary Never Again: The Fight Against Antisemitism.[50]

Personal life

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Frydenberg is married and has two children.[51]

Frydenberg is a supporter of the Carlton Football Club,[52] and served as the club's number-one ticket holder for 2021 and 2022.[53] In 2019, he was the Melbourne Storm number-one ticket holder.[54]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Josh Frydenberg on Twitter". 23 May 2022. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  2. ^ "Josh Frydenberg concedes Kooyong as counting continues for Victorian seats still in limbo". 9News. 23 May 2022. Archived from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
  3. ^ Iggulden, Tom; Belot, Henry (3 November 2017). "Josh Frydenberg denies Hungarian-born mother implicates him in dual citizenship saga". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2 November 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
  4. ^ "ParlInfo - GOVERNOR-GENERALS SPEECH : Address-in-Reply". parlinfo.aph.gov.au. Parliament of Australia. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Whinnett, Ellen (18 April 2014). "Can rising Liberal star Josh Frydenberg go all the way to the top?". www.heraldsun.com.au. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  6. ^ a b c Maley, Jacqueline (20 October 2017). "Can wannabe tennis pro turned politician Josh Frydenberg ace Australia's energy crisis?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 28 August 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  7. ^ Mann, Simon (25 March 2006). "The battle for Kooyong". The Age. Melbourne. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2006.
  8. ^ "Pathways to Parliament". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  9. ^ Maiden, Samantha (3 March 2006). "Costello backs rebel Georgiou". The Australian. Archived from the original on 4 December 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2006.
  10. ^ "'Musketeers' told to keep out of Georgiou preselection". Australia: ABC News. 2006. Archived from the original on 22 April 2006. Retrieved 22 April 2006.
  11. ^ "Georgiou wins preselection battle". The Age. AAP. 23 April 2006. Archived from the original on 24 April 2006. Retrieved 23 April 2006.
  12. ^ "Frydenberg wins Kooyong". Herald Sun. 2009. Archived from the original on 22 June 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2009.
  13. ^ "Powerful Kooyong Allies". The Age. 21 April 2009. Archived from the original on 15 November 2013. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
  14. ^ William Bowe (11 May 2014). "Seats of the week: Kooyong and Higgins". The Poll Bludger. Archived from the original on 15 September 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  15. ^ "House of Representatives: VIC Division: Kooyong". Australia votes, 2010. Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  16. ^ Whinnett, Ellen. "Can rising Liberal star Josh Frydenberg go all the way to the top?". Herald Sun. News Corp. Archived from the original on 10 February 2022. Retrieved 7 April 2022.
  17. ^ Johnson, Stephen (25 October 2010). "MP tells of aunt who escaped Holocaust". The Sydney Morning Herald. AAP. Archived from the original on 13 March 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  18. ^ Massola, James (20 March 2021). "Who's who in the Liberals' left, right and centre factions?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  19. ^ "'Obscene': Josh Frydenberg election signs defaced with Nazi symbols". 4 April 2022. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  20. ^ Taylor, Lenore (21 December 2014). "Tony Abbott cabinet reshuffle moves Scott Morrison out of immigration". Guardian Australia. Archived from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  21. ^ "Tony Abbott's revamped Ministry sworn in at Government House". news.com.au. News Corp Australia. 23 December 2014. Archived from the original on 14 September 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  22. ^ "Abbott government rising star Josh Frydenberg reveals switch on gay marriage position". The Sydney Morning Herald. 25 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015.
  23. ^ Anderson, Stephanie (20 July 2016). "Election 2016: Malcolm Turnbull unveils ministry with Christopher Pyne, Greg Hunt on the move". ABC News. Archived from the original on 24 August 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
  24. ^ "Who's next in the dual citizenship mess?". ABC News. 19 August 2017. Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  25. ^ "Josh Frydenberg's citizenship challenged in court". SBS News. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  26. ^ "Josh Frydenberg denies suggestions he could be Hungarian dual citizen". The Guardian. 2 November 2017. Archived from the original on 2 November 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  27. ^ Gribbin, Caitlyn (11 December 2017). "Mark Dreyfus draws Josh Frydenberg back into citizenship saga, divides Labor Party". ABC News. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  28. ^ "Josh Frydenberg missing unambiguous proof he's not a dual citizen, court told". ABC News. 18 February 2020. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  29. ^ Rubenstein, Kim (18 March 2020). "Frydenberg in the clear but our citizenship laws still need healing". The Canberra Times. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  30. ^ Napier-Raman, Kishor; Towell, Noel (14 July 2022). "Frydenberg settles bankruptcy claim after activist pays up". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  31. ^ David Crowe (24 August 2018). "The vote for deputy leader:
    Josh Frydenberg: 46 votes
    Steve Ciobo: 20 votes
    Greg Hunt: 16 votes
    There were 3 abstentions"    . Twitter. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  32. ^ Lucy Sweeney; Henry Belot (24 August 2018). "Scott Morrison beats Peter Dutton in Liberal spill to succeed Malcolm Turnbull; Julie Bishop loses deputy position". ABC News. Archived from the original on 24 August 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  33. ^ "Josh Frydenberg set to keep Kooyong seat, Liberals cling to lead in Higgins". The Age. 18 May 2019. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  34. ^ "Libs to burn $1m on Frydenberg". www.theaustralian.com.au. 5 March 2019. Archived from the original on 10 February 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  35. ^ "Kooyong - Federal Election 2019 Electorate, Candidates, Results | Australia Votes - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". ABC News. Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  36. ^ Karp, Paul (31 July 2019). "Josh Frydenberg's citizenship challenged by constituent who feels 'betrayed' on climate". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  37. ^ "Josh Frydenberg: Hungarian government reportedly says he has no 'established' citizenship". The Guardian. 23 November 2019. Archived from the original on 22 November 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  38. ^ Staindl v Frydenberg [2019] HCATrans 244 (12 December 2019)
  39. ^ Whitbourn, Michaela (17 March 2020). "Josh Frydenberg eligible to sit in Parliament: court". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
  40. ^ Goode, Callum (4 April 2022). "Blue-ribbon Vic seats face teal threat". Goulburn Post. Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
  41. ^ "Independent Monique Ryan claims victory over Josh Frydenberg in Kooyong". The Age. 23 May 2022. Archived from the original on 9 July 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  42. ^ Brown, Andrew (23 May 2022). "Frydenberg formally concedes in Kooyong". Crikey. Archived from the original on 3 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  43. ^ Hewett, Jennifer (30 September 2020). "Will Josh Frydenberg be outmatched by the recession?". The Australian Financial Review. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  44. ^ "Budget 2019 sees Josh Frydenberg pledge billions for tax cuts, infrastructure, but no instant surplus". ABC News. 3 April 2019. Archived from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  45. ^ Abbott, Lachlan (21 July 2022). "Josh Frydenberg lands at Goldman Sachs". The Age. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 21 July 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  46. ^ "Josh Frydenberg puts political comeback on hold, becomes Goldman Sachs Australia chairman". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 21 September 2023. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  47. ^ Murphy, Katharine (21 September 2023). "Josh Frydenberg won't run in Kooyong at next election after Goldman Sachs appointment". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  48. ^ Sakkal, Paul; Hastie, Hamish (21 September 2023). "Frydenberg rules out Kooyong run as Wyatt laments his absence". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  49. ^ Karp, Paul; Butler, Josh (3 June 2024). "Josh Frydenberg pours cold water on idea of running in Kooyong after major blowback". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
  50. ^ "Former treasurer Josh Frydenberg presents the Sky News documentary 'Never Again: The Fight Against Antisemitism'". Sky News. 6 June 2024.
  51. ^ Wright, Tony (14 September 2018). "Josh Frydenberg: the Liberal Party's next prime minister?". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 14 January 2019. Retrieved 14 January 2019.
  52. ^ Massola, James (20 March 2021). "Frydenberg now the Liberal Party's undisputed heir". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
  53. ^ "Blues announce joint No.1 ticket holders". Carlton Football Club. 25 March 2021. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  54. ^ Melbourne, Storm (10 October 2019). "Storm #1 for Federal Treasurer". Melbourne Storm. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
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Parliament of Australia
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Kooyong
2010–2022 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Assistant Treasurer of Australia
2014–2015 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister for Resources
2015–2016 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister for the Environment and Energy
2016–2018 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Treasurer of Australia
2018–2022 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party
2018–2022 		Succeeded by
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