Forum was a biweekly political and cultural magazine which was published in Ankara, Turkey, between 1954 and 1970. The magazine is known for its opposition to the Democrat Party (DP) and its leading contributors. Its title was a reflection of its intend to be a publication for open debate about politics and culture.[1]
| Categories |
|
|---|---|
| Frequency | Biweekly |
| Founder |
|
| Founded | 1954 |
| First issue | 1 April 1954 |
| Final issue | 28 April 1970 |
| Country | Turkey |
| Based in | Ankara |
| Language | Turkish |
History and profile
editForum was started in 1954, and its first issue appeared on 1 April that year.[2][3] In the inaugural issue the magazine described its goal as "to help enlighten the people by confronting different opinions."[4] Its founders were Aydın Yalçın ve Nilüfer Yalçın.[5] The latter was also the first editor-in-chief and owner of the magazine which came out biweekly.[2][5][6] The magazine was later owned by different individuals, including Metin And, Osman Okyar, Fikret Ekinci ve Asime Korkmazgil.[6] The members of its editorial board were mostly intellectuals and academics.[1] It was headquartered in Ankara.[7] The magazine had a 24-page format, but some issues had 32 pages.[6]
Forum was one of the supporters of the Liberty Party which was established by the former members of the DP in 1955.[8] Over time the magazine's opposition to the ruling DP increased, and it was closed down by the DP government on 15 April 1960.[3] Forum resumed its publication only after the military coup of 27 May 1960.[3] In the first issue after the ban dated 1 June the magazine praised the military coup which ended the DP's rule and described it as the most gentleman coup d'état.[3][8] In the post-coup period Forum supported the formation of a social-democratic coalition consisting of industrialists, civil servants, workers, and poor peasants against the populist coalition of peasants and merchants which had been established during the DP rule.[9] The magazine also supported the view that the new constitution should normalize the political arena in Turkey which had been destabilized by the DP government.[4]
Forum had a liberal stance in the 1950s and advocated Western-type, Keynesian liberal democracy as well as liberal principles such as freedom of thought and the free press.[9][10] It also supported a liberal economic approach, including interventionist and non-interventionist approaches to the national market.[10] It adopted a socialist political stance in the late 1960s.[3]
In addition to articles by Turkish contributors, Forum contained Turkish translations of the articles on political and economic topics from foreign newspapers and journals, including The Economist, New York Herald Tribune and The Times.[1] These articles were featured in a section entitled "Ne Diyorlar?" (Turkish: What Are They Saying?).[1] Forum also featured articles on arts[2] and on rural settlements.[7]
Throughout its run Forum published two special issues. One of them was entitled "Injustice to Teachers" dated 15 December 1967, and the other one was entitled "The Eastern Region" dated 15 January 1968.[6]
Forum folded on 15 October 1969.[3] It was restarted in February 1970, but permanently ceased publication on 28 April 1970 after producing a total of 379 issues.[3][6]
Contributors
editMost of the Forum contributors were political scientists and legal academics from Ankara University and Istanbul University, including Bahri Savcı, Osman Okyar, Bedii Feyzioğlu, Turhan Feyzioğlu, Turan Güneş, and Kemal Salih.[3] In addition, various leading academics and political figures from different orientations published articles in the magazine: Sadun Aren, Aziz Nesin, Doğan Avcıoğlu, Muammer Aksoy, İlhan Arsel, Şerif Mardin, Bülent Ecevit, Cevat Çapan, Orhan Asena, Cahit Talas, Mümtaz Soysal, Yakup Kepenek, Münci Kapani, Coşkun Kırca ve Fahir Armaoğlu.[3] Of them Şerif Mardin, Bülent Ecevit, Turhan Feyzioğlu and Attilâ İlhan also shaped the ideological framework of Forum.[11] In the 1960s the magazine featured articles by Ahmet N. Yücekök, İsmail Beşikçi, Behice Boran, Mehmet Ali Aybar and Hüseyin Korkmazgil.[3]
Bilge Karasu was a regular contributor of Forum between its start in 1954 to 1959.[2] His articles were about art criticism.[2] The other Forum contributors whose articles were on music, literature, theatre, and plastic arts included İlhan Mimaroğlu, Bedii Sevin, Turgut Uyar, Güner Sümer, Hüseyin Cöntürk, Metin And, Gültekin Oransay, and Kaya Özsezgin.[2]
Legacy
editIssues of Forum were archived by TUSTAV.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b c d Şehnaz Tahir-Gürçağlar (2015). "Translation as Conveyor: Critical Thought in Turkey in the 1960s" (PDF). Works and Days. 20 (1–2): 258–259. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 July 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f Bora Gürdaş (2020). "Bilge Karasu'nun Forum dergisinde yayımlanan sanat yazıları (1954-1959)". Rumelide Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi (in Turkish) (20): 296–309. doi:10.29000/rumelide.791646.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Özlem Kırlı Baydur (16 January 2024). "Forum Dergisi". Atatürk Encyclopedia (in Turkish).
- ^ a b Nicolas Camelio (2015). ""The Military Seize the Law": The Drafting of the 1961 Constitution". In Marc Aymes; Benjamin Gourisse; Élise Massicard (eds.). Order and Compromise: Government Practices in Turkey from the Late Ottoman Empire to the Early 21st Century. Leiden: Brill. p. 128. doi:10.1163/9789004289857_007. ISBN 978-90-04-28985-7.
- ^ a b c "Süreli yayınlar. Forum" (in Turkish). TUSTAV. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Yücel Bulut (2004). "Soğuk Savaş Atmosferinde DP'ye Muhalif Bir Dergi: Forum". Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi (in Turkish) (3): 528.
- ^ a b John F. Kolars (1962). "Community Studies in Rural Turkey". Annals of the American Association of Geographers. 52 (4): 486. JSTOR 2561261.
- ^ a b M. Asım Karaömerlioğlu; İlkay Kirişçioğlu (2022). "Political travelers in a polarized country: the Freedom Party experience in Turkish history". Middle Eastern Studies. 58 (6): 951, 956, 959. doi:10.1080/00263206.2022.2034148. S2CID 247429927.
- ^ a b Nikos Christofis (2021). ""Turkey Will Be a Second France, Unless Our Demands Are Satisfied": The Turkish Student Movement in the Long 1960s". Turkish Historical Review. 12 (2–3): 167. doi:10.1163/18775462-bja10021.
- ^ a b Sarah-Neel Smith (2015). Art, Democracy, and the Culture of Dissent in 1950s Turkey (Ph.D. thesis). University of California, Los Angeles. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-321-79825-8. ProQuest 1705942991.
- ^ Bican Şahin; Seval Yaman; Belgin Tarhan (2023). "The Trajectory of Liberalism in Turkey: From the Ottoman Empire to the Present". In Alpaslan Özerdem; Ahmet Erdi Öztürk (eds.). A Companion to Modern Turkey's Centennial Political, Sociological, Economic and Institutional Transformations since 1923. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 97. doi:10.1515/9781474492546-010. ISBN 9781474492546.