Carya texana

Black hickory
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fagales
Family:	Juglandaceae
Genus:	Carya
Section:	Carya sect. Carya
Species:	C. texana
Binomial name
	Carya texana; Buckley (1861)
	Natural range of Carya texana
Synonyms
	List Carya arkansana Sarg. ; Carya buckleyi Durand ; Carya glabra var. villosa (Sarg.) B.L.Rob. ; Carya texana var. arkansana (Sarg.) Little ; Carya texana f. glabra (E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.) Steyerm. ; Carya texana var. villosa (Sarg.) Little ; Carya villosa (Sarg.) C.K.Schneid. ; Hicoria arkansana (Sarg.) Ashe ; Hicoria glabra var. villosa Sarg. ; Hicoria pallida var. arkansana (Sarg.) Ashe ; Hicoria villosa (Sarg.) Ashe ; Hicorius arkansana Ashe ; Hicorius buckleyi Ashe ;

Carya texana (called black hickory for its dark colored bark, or Texas hickory) is a North American tree in the walnut family, Juglandaceae. It is endemic to the United States, found primarily in the southern Great Plains and the Lower Mississippi Valley.^[2]^[3] It is an endangered species in Indiana, where it occurs in the southwest corner of the state.^[2]

Description

Black hickory grows up to 41 m (135 ft) tall. It has dark gray to black bark with a tight "diamond" patterning. The leaves usually have a dense coating of scales, imparting a rusty brown color. They are pinnately compound usually with seven leaflets, but sometimes five or nine. The fruits (nuts) are bronze to reddish brown and the seeds can be sweet and edible,^[4]^[5] but are sometimes bitter.^[6]

Black hickory nuts
Bark on a young branch
Illustration from Britton and Brown (1913)^[7]

Genetics

Black hickory is a 64-chromosome species that readily hybridizes with tetraploid C. tomentosa. Hybrids with 32 chromosomes may also occur.

References

^ The Plant List, Carya texana Buckley
^ ^a ^b United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile for Carya texana (black hickory)
^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
^ Flora of North America: Carya texana
^ Grauke, L. J. "C. texana Buckley. Black Hickory".
^ Little, Elbert L. (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region. New York: Knopf. p. 355. ISBN 0-394-50760-6.
^ Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. 3 vols. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Vol. 1: 584.

[tpl-1] The Plant List, Carya texana Buckley

[usda-2] United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile for Carya texana (black hickory)

[bonap-3] Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map

[fna-4] Flora of North America: Carya texana

[grauke-5] Grauke, L. J. "C. texana Buckley. Black Hickory".

[6] Little, Elbert L. (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region. New York: Knopf. p. 355. ISBN 0-394-50760-6.

[bb1913-7] Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. 3 vols. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Vol. 1: 584.

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